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Kinds and sources of financing of living
Bartoněk, David ; Dohnal, Radek (referee) ; Hrabincová, Dagmar (advisor)
This master’s thesis „Kinds and sources of financing of living“ is focused on options and sources of housing financing of an individual. It describes structure, extent and state of house and flat fund of Czech republic and capital city of Prague. It features different attributes of housing sectors. It describes state housing aid and its designation. It deeply describes savings and mortgage loans. Final part solves family’s housing need with the use of several financial sources and offers optimal solution based on multiple criteria.
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Optimization of housing finance
Roubcová, Veronika ; Oslíková, Eva (referee) ; Kocourková, Gabriela (advisor)
This thesis deals with the possibilities of financing their own housing. The theoretical part will explain the basic concepts of housing finance. The work is described in the financing of legal entities and individuals. A separate chapter is devoted to mortgage loans. A separate chapter is devoted to building savings, which is more often used variant of housing finance. The practical part will be finding funding options to purchase their own home. Self housing will work in this particular object that will be compiled as part of the work and budget. On the basis of specific conditions, will be offered by banks mortgage loans. At the conclusion of the chosen optimal financing plan.
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Impact of Contractual Savings for Housing on Czech economy
Bergerová, Sandra ; Bíla, Kateřina (referee) ; Ivanička, Koloman (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with explains basic concepts concerning the contractual savings for housing. The aim of this work is to identify the impact of contractual savings for housing on the Czech economy. The first part describes general information on contractual savings for housing, its history, basic characteristic of this financial product and its further development in Czech Republic. Following topic this thesis focuses on are interest rates and comparison contractual savings for housing and mortgages. The second part of thesis is practical and deals with the impact of contractual savings for housing on employment and tax collecting. Benefits of contractual savings for housing to the state budget are described in this section.
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State aid in the Field of Healthcare
Červinka, Jaroslav ; Šmejkal, Václav (advisor) ; Vondráčková, Aneta (referee)
1 State aid in the Field of Healthcare Abstract Health care in modern welfare states of the European Union member countries requires financing from public sources. However, member states also prohibit most forms of state aid in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The interpretation of the primary law in the decisional practice has confirmed in a long-term, that in the healthcare sector the competitive environment clashes with the public financing aspect. The Court of Justice and European Commission have repeatedly found ways how to deal with such a conflict. This thesis analyses court's case-law and the practice and soft law documents of European Commission, to establish which solutions are functional for the healthcare field, and which questions remain opened. For that purpose, it especially focuses on the exception for services of general economic interest according to Article 106 Paragraph 2 of the TFEU and on the interpretations of the term undertaking and the terms favouring and distortion of competition, contained in the definition of prohibited state aid. In the explored cases, the decision practice differentiates social funds lead by the principle of solidarity from the undertakings, which are subjected to EU competition law regulation. The traits of a social fund are mandatory...
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Current Issues in International Air Transport
Vavera, Martin ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Bříza, Petr (referee)
Title of thesis: Current Issues in International Air Transport Abstract: Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council aims to provide adequate protection to passengers using air transport in the event that a flight for which they have purchased a ticket does not take place in full compliance with the contract of carriage. As a result of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the level of protection of passengers is constantly being extended, a trend that is generally welcomed in the literature. This thesis offers a view from the other party of the contract of carriage and uses examples from case law to demonstrate the practical problems that the Court's interpretation brings with it. In addition to analysing the CJEU's decisions, this thesis highlights the potential pitfalls of two aspects of passengers' claims under Regulation 261 against air carriers. The first is the identification of the person who is entitled to call upon the air carrier to fulfil its obligations under Regulation 261, in particular to pay compensation for a delayed or cancelled flight. The second aspect is the question of the limitation period for such claims and the consequences of their late assertion by the air carrier. This thesis was written at a time when the entire civil aviation...
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General and individual exemptions in the provision of state aid under European law
Štěpánková, Zuzana ; Svoboda, Pavel (advisor) ; Šmejkal, Václav (referee)
General and individual exemptions in the provision of state aid under European law This diploma thesis refers to the European regulation of the provision of state aid by member states. Because of the fact that under certain circumstances state aid can affect the economic competition among concurrents both within a member state and within the internal market of the EU and thus have a significant bad influence on it, art. 107 subsection 1 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) states a general interdiction of providing state aid by the memeber states. It defines state aid as financial aid in any form (direct grant, soft loan, tax allowance, interest subsidy etc.), payed out of financial ressources belonging to the state ("state" defined in a large sense as both the central state sphere and local government sphere), which give preferential treatment to certain companies or certain production sectors and thereby affects or may affect competition, and lastly which have an influence on business between the member states (have an effect on the internal market). Of course there have to be exemptions from this general interdiction. The exemptions are regulated in art. 107 subsection 2 TFEU (general exemptions) and 3 TFEU (individual exemptions). There are three general exemptions:...
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Cars as sources of polluting substances and greenhouse gases in the light of legislation
Vodička, Jiří ; Fiala, Zdeněk (referee)
Submitted thesis focuses on a topic which cannot be described as classical legal topic in the Czech Republic. Nevertheless, in times of climate change and general need of shift to zero emission transportation and sustainable development of our society, this topic is very much needed. The thesis provides a general framework of type approval legislation of new vehicles of the EU and national legal system with an emphasis on test cycles such as WLTP and RDE. The thesis analyses Euro emission norms which define thresholds for polluting substances from exhaust fumes and at the same time analyses union legal regulation of CO2 emissions from new vehicles. To fully develop zero emission transportation, it is necessary to have sufficient corresponding infrastructure (e.g. charging stations). Because of this dissertation focuses on legislation concerning alternative infrastructure and selected alternative fuels. The thesis also analyses specific legal instruments (direct and indirect) which could be used as tools for the development of zero emission transportation and for improvement of air quality, especially in urban areas. Within indirect legal instruments, state aid and other financial incentives which can promote the development of zero emission transport are analysed. Direct legal instruments such as...
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Position of women on the labour market in the Czech Republic in international comparison
Uhrin Tokhyan, Ani ; Nývlt, Ondřej (advisor) ; Langhamrová, Jitka (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on position of women on the labour market in the Czech Republic. By descriptive analysis of data relating to employment, unemployment, specific form of work and other indicators, character of Czech labour market is described. There is also a part devoted to State aid for parents with small children, facilities providing childcare and job opportunity for mothers on the labour market. The thesis also includes comparison of selected indicators, which describe situation on the labour market and family policy in chosen countries of western and northern Europe. Possibility to ensure work-life balance is considered to be the main aspect of this topic. The issue of women's position on the labour market is not examined only from gender point of view.
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State Aid and Financing of Transport Infrastructure under the EU law
Albrecht, Patrik ; Šmejkal, Václav (advisor) ; Svobodová, Magdaléna (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with state aid and financing of transport infrastructure under the EU law. The main aim of the thesis is to answer the question, whether the financing of transport infrastructure is a state aid and if it so, would it be compatible with the internal market. Member States have to ask these questions while they are deciding whether they should use public funds for specific infrastructural project in transportation industry. The thesis is divided into two main parts. In the first part author is focused on airport transportation industry, which has been liberalized since early 90's of 20th century. Thanks to the market opening the completion came in and Commission started to control financing of airport infrastructures. Airports were no longer recognized as an infrastructural facilities and their operators were found as an undertaking in the sense of competition judicature. That is why the first chapter is dealing with the historical excursus of state aid law in the field of aviation infrastructure. The author describes the fundamental decisions of Commission and the Court of Justice of the European Union; a great focus is placed on analysis of the decision on the Leipzig- Halle case. In the third chapter of the first part, there is a deep analysis of the relevant documents...
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The selectivity criterion in the field of State aid in the light of the ECJ's case-law
Hlista, Jakub ; Šmejkal, Václav (advisor) ; Svobodová, Magdaléna (referee)
The selectivity criterion is one of the defining elements of State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU. The selectivity criterion is considered to be the most important and the most problematic in its application in the assessment of Member States' measures at the same time. The aim of this work is to analyze the development of ECJ's case-law and the Commission's decisional practice related to the selectivity criterion and by means of their analysis to point out the disputableness and lack of clarity of the selecivity criterion and to critically assess the unpredictability and questionable character of certain judgments of the ECJ. The first chapter deals with an introduction to the issue of State aid, subsumes it under the system of competition and describes the defining elements of State aid. The second chapter analyzes one of the two features, into which the selectivity criterion divides, referred to as an advantage. It describes both the broad concept of advantage and also a way how to identify an advantage. It also addresses the exceptions and specific regimes to which the provisions on State aid in principle do not apply. The third chapter considers general issues relating to the second feature of the selectivity criterion, which is selectivity (in the strict sense). It also pays...
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