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Relationship between physical activities and memory in older adults
Tůmová, Tereza ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Staňková, Klára (referee)
Title: Relationship between physical activities and memory in older adults Objectives: Estimating the effect of physical activity on memory in seniors older than 60 years. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The data for the elaboration of the diploma thesis were obtained from the pan-European project Survey of Health Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). In this study, all probands were divided according to gender and further into three groups according to their level of education using the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED - 97). In the data analysis, means and standard deviations were calculated for continuous variables and percentages were calculated for categorical variables. Non-parametric statistical methods were used to test the hypotheses. For more than three categories, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used, followed by post-hoc analysis. The Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferoni correction was used for post-hoc analysis. Testing of memory functions was performed using a ten-word memorization test with immediate and delayed recall. Results: Data from of 47,169 probands older than 60 years were used in the study. A total of 26,034 women and 21,135 men participated. The investigation demonstrated a positive effect of physical and sports activities on the memory...
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Ageism - Attitudes of Students Towards the Seniors
Chocholová, Lucie ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Brezíková, Eva (referee)
This thesis deals with ageism - student attitudes towards the elderly. The theoretical part focuses on aging and old age, ageism, communication with the elderly, seniors leisure. The work also figuring out what is the attitude of students to senior citizens, and whether a different approach with students from high schools and universities. The thesis then determines whether it is a different approach for students who study focused on school health and school without a focus on health care. Data were obtained through a questionnaire, which included 18 questions for students from different schools. The survey was conducted a total of 78 students.
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Individual Planning in Retirement Homes - Formality or Help?
HAVEL, Richard
The bachelor thesis deals with individual planning in retirement homes topic and also if the process is perceived as formality or help. The aim of the thesis was to reflect attitude of social workers while constructing and using individual plans of service users in retirement homes with activities in Vysočina region. Due to this goal two main research questions were determined. Theoretical part defined the concept "individual planning of the process of social services", significance of this process in the context of social services and social work. Also a role of a social worker was mentioned. Furthermore, aging problems and changes connected to this life phase, human needs and quality of life in age and also communication and ethical principles in the process of helping. The research itself is presented in practical part of the thesis which was realized on the basis of qualitative research strategy. The method of qualitative interviews was chosen for gathering information and semi-structured interview technique was used. The research sample which was selected by an intentional chosing through intuition method was created by nine social female workers working in social service institute which provide residental social services "retirement homes" in Vysočina region. Clustering method was used to analyze acquired data. After the results were interpreted they were compared with theory and experts opinions. The research showed that social workers perceive individual planning of service course generally positively and they understand this whole process as a meaningful activity and certain assistance in providing social service. The realized research further showed us that social workers are able to realize both many pitfalls and contribution of individual planning of service course.
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Prevention of injuries of elderly clients in retirements homes
STRAKOVÁ, Dana
This diploma thesis focuses on the characteristics of aging process and old age, it deals with the prevention of injuries of elderly clients in retirement houses. While dealing with these problems the secondary literature is properly researched and analysed. The main aim of this thesis is to find out whether proper measures for prevention of injuries are taken in the selected retirement houses. The theoretical part of thesis focuses firstly on possible risks of injuries, secondary on the measures needed within the scope of prevention of injuries. Regarding the methodology the qualitative research is being used and it is based on interviews and observation of the researcher himself. In the practical part of the thesis the outcomes of the research are discussed. As the result there are proper measures taken by the retirement houses to lower the risks of injuries. This diploma thesis might be used for education and enhancement of awareness of the staff in the retirement houses.
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The Importance of in-home nursing care for seniors and their families
ŠPAČKOVÁ, Ivana
Domiciliary care as a field or ambulatory service is provided to people with reduced self-sufficiency due to age, chronic illness or disability and is also used by families with children, whose situation requires assistance of another person. The aim of the service is to individually support a person's life in their natural environment. The theoretical part is divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with old age and aging, as it is the time when changes affecting the overall function of human body occur. These are then reflected in increased vulnerability, limited performance and decline of an individualas abilities. The second chapter deals with changes that come with age, which mainly relate to the physical, psychological and social area. In the third chapter I describe the current situation in the provision of social services. These services are defined by the Act no.108/2006 Coll. primarily as a means to ensure the greatest mental and physical self-sufficiency of the individual obtainable. The services seek to enable people to participate in daily life, live in dignified environment and be treated with respect. The fourth chapter deals with the concept of providing domiciliary care services in the Czech Republic. The last, fifth, chapter deals with individual planning, which is one of the most important tools to ensure and improve the quality of social services provided and is also enshrined in the Act no.108/2006Coll. describing social services. The practical part of my thesis was elaborated by the qualitative research technique, specifically the questioning method using a semi-standardized interview with predetermined open-ended questions and by analysis of personal documentation. Basic research sample consisted of selected users and staff of the care services provider Ledax (charitable trust). The aim of this research was to determine factors that are perceived by health care users as major. The investigation showed that these are mainly health deterioration and old age. My research has shown that users perceive their key worker rather as a confidant. They are not afraid to confide their feelings or problems to them and report that the worker always has enough time to hear them. On the contrary, the workers themselves see their role only as a helper's and also due to the large workload lack sufficient time for the user. From my own experience I can confirm that this problem is often encountered because caregivers are responsible for more users, and the care is not concentrated in one place. The solution for this situation would be to reduce the number of users assigned to one caregiver, but the provider would be forced to expand their staff. However providers are currently limited by operational and financial limits of the given organization. It is important to emphasize that if the care and support provided by the user be at a professional level, the key worker should coordinate the care for the user and be their confidant and guide in a difficult season of life. Although there are some differences in the view of the factor of caregiver's personality, I think that the fact that users perceive their caregiver as a confidant is also a guarantee of efficient implementation of individual planning in the organization of the provider.
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Mutual perception of seniors and teenagers
LIDOVÁ, Lenka
The present bachelor thesis consists of two parts, theoretical and practical. Its theoretical part engages in the characteristics of growing up and aging, and describes pubescence, senescence, old age, with all changes that these life phases bring with them. Furthermore, it examines the problems of ageism or discrimination because of age. The practical part of the bachelor thesis is based on research and findings that were acquired in such research. The objective of the whole thesis was to determine - by means of a semantic differential - teenagers? opinions of seniors and vice versa. Our intention was to ascertain from respondents, who completed record sheets, if they are prejudiced in any way against the other generation and if they are influenced by stereotypes. Identical record sheets were prepared for both target groups, whereas these record sheets introduced contradictory traits of character., such as slow-fast, beautiful-ugly, tidy-untidy, communicative- uncommunicative and similar. Results of this evaluation of individual character traits performed by respondents reveal apparent differences. However, the overall findings show that both groups perceive each other positively. This bachelor thesis may be used for future publication activities and as potential documentation tackling the issues of ageism.
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Nutrition and Options of Diet by Clients at Seniors Houses
STRAKOVÁ, Dana
The bachelor thesis aims at analysis of the literature on aging and age, home for the elderly and nutrition in the elderly. The practical part has two objectives. The first objective of this work focuses on the aspects affecting clients' satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the offer of food and drinking regime in the home for the elderly Hvízdal in České Budějovice. Secondly, the thesis deals with the theme of identification of family and social relationships. The method used in this thesis is primarily qualitative quantitative research based on interviews, participant observation and interviews using a questionnaire. The practical part presents the results of 50 respondents. The work pursues the comparison of the social aspects of nutrition. The research has found that seniors' satisfaction with food affects physiological, psychological and social factors. The study may serve to education and increase of awareness of the lifestyle of seniors.
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Ethic aspects of care of seniors in the rest home in Horní Planá
ŠUSTROVÁ, Petra
My thesis treats of the problems of observance of the human rights and protection of rights of the customers of the Retirements homes in Horní Planá. Theoretical part is divided into 5 chapters, when the first one defines the concept of growing old and old age. The second chapter treats of the social services in the Czech Republic and is focusing on the retirements homes. In this chapter I mention the law of social services, which defines basic sorts of social services, kinds of delivering services, care allowance and above all defines retirements homes. In the third chapter there are described norms of quality of social services with focus on the norm No. 2 {--} protection of rights of persons. The fourth chapter called Ethical aspects in the care of elderly in the retirements homes treats of human rights in the society, Church and social services and then also treats of basic human rights of customers in social services. The last chapter describes the Retirements homes in Horní Planá. The practical part of the thesis is created by two types of semi-controlled interviews. The first one was made with customers of the Retirements homes in Horní Planá and studies if the rights of the customers are kept. The second one was made with the staff of social services {--} direct service, which investigated if the rights of customers of the Retirements homes in Horní Planá are kept.
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Leisure time activities of seniors as an inseparable part of health and social care
VÁVROVÁ, Lucie
With improving medical, social and economic care, people die in higher age. Thanks to a better life backround, the people live up higher age and our population gets older. For this reason it is important to focus the attention of governmental and non-governmental organisations to older citizens. The greatest effort of specially focused organisations on senior part of the population is to change the attitude and the view of the younger part of the population to older people. With increasing number of seniors we have to suppose that more and more older people will remain the work process. And for this reason it is important to maintain the senior part of the population in the best possible condition. Based on these facts, various associations, institutions and educational programs for their activation come into being. The whole issue of ageing and achieving more active ageing is dealt with by the World Health Organisation, governmental and other smaller organisations and subsequently by seniors themselves. The concern is also the prevention in self-sufficiency and an easier transition from the active work life into the pension age, with the target of maintaining the current interest and activities, e.g. acquiring new ones. The target of the research part of the bachelor{\crq}s thesis was to find out if the seniors utilise the offers for the support of the active life in older age or if they alone participate in the improvement of their life in older age and if they feel the necessity to develop themselves and to educate themselves. For the research implementation,120 seniors of Spa Aurora complex in Třeboň were addressed in the period of July and August 2009. The respondents filled in the questionnaires with the personal assistance for the possible clarification of unclear questions and answers. The results of the research confirmed that the present seniors have interest to be active and they also live an active life. They are interested in their sport activities,as well as in social life and further education. It followed moreover from the research that in their surroundings there is a sufficient offer for their interests they do not feel to be limited in this case. The thesis could be utilized for the co-operation with the wider age group of seniors. It could help to older citizens in deciding for the return to their interests and hobbies, or for the completion of the education which they could not finish in the last years for various reasons. Moreover, it could help to students in further development of research with this topic.
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Medical school students perception of the elderly
FOISTOVÁ, Lenka
This Diploma work consists of two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with characteristic features of ageing and changes connected with it. I also describe the adolescent development and complete this part with information of the study course called Health Care Assistant. The practical part is focused on research. The aim of this work has been to find out ambivalent attitudes of secondary health care school students to seniors. A technique of the semantic diferential was used in the field data collection. The students were asked to define their opinions and attitudes toward seniors in the scale of odd-numbered categories of lexically ambiguous word pairs, e.g. quick {--} slow, old {--} young.They were also free to express their opinions about seniors. Although there were significant differences in responds of 3ZA and 4ZA classes, the total findings have proved both hypotheses stated at the beginning. The students of secondary health care schools perceive seniors positively, on the other hand they consider them as sick people. It is obvious from the survey information that older students perceive seniors more positively than the younger ones who reported more negative attitudes toward seniors. The differences in student perception can be connected with the fact that four-year students have already passed their professional training in health care facilities. The research findings are supposed to be benefitial for professional subject teachers at secondary health care schools and for professional training mentors at health care facilities. The findings should lead to reconsidering methodical approaches to professional subject teaching and the subsequent implementation into the school educational programmes.
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