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Possibilities of using of Vitis vinifera as a source of raw materials for cosmetic production
Hanáková, Pavlína ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with preparation of extraction from various parts of grapevine and their consequent use in the manufacture of cosmetics. The theoretical part is focused on general characteristics of grapevine, its taxonomic classification, occurrence and cultivation. Subsequently, the chemical composition of grapevine parts and their uses in cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries is described. The final part is devoted to particular types of extractions and methods of determinativ of total phenolic substances. The experimental part deals with the optimization of the prepared extract in order to obtain the extract with the highest amount of total phenolic substances with respect to production costs. Factors such as selection of the appropriate solvent and extraction time are examined. 50% ethanol at the room temperature was found to be an optimal solvent. Finally, the physical and chemical properties, such as density, pH and refractive index were determined for the purpose of producing a material safety data sheet. The extract was processed into cosmetic products.
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Studium vlivu vybraných podmínek prostředí na klíčení semen plevelů
Navrátil, Tomáš
The aim of this thesis was to find out the influence of temperature on germination of Tripleurospermum inodorum seeds. Seed germination took place in laboratory conditions. This thesis is based on two laboratory experiments. During the first experiment, the effect of different temperatures on the germination of Tripleurospermum inodorum seeds was observed. During the second experiment, it was observed how would the Tripleurospermum inodorum seed germinate if it was exposed to freezing temperatures for various periods of time. The seeds germinated best at 20 °C. At this temperature, germination was 92.5%. During the second experiment, the best germination was 74.5%. It was with seeds that had been exposed to frost for thirty days. Results have been written to the tables and processed to graphs. In addition, germination results were compared to other weed species. Evaluation of the thesis is given in the discussion.
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Role proteinů tepelného šoku v regulaci klíčení semen
Hýsková, Anna
Seed germination is one of the most important phases of the plants' life cycle. This process is regulated by many external and internal factors, which interactions impact the course of germination, seed vigor and overall prosperity of the plant. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a part of protective mechanisms, but their role in seed germination is not quite understood. This thesis entitled “The role of heat shock proteins in the regulation of seed germination“ reviews processes of seed germination and outlines the role of HSPs in plants. The experimental part compares the previously documented HSP expression profiles with protein abundances, analyzes the effect of HSP mutation on seed germination and response to stimuli, including phytohormones, salt and heavy metals. These experiments revealed a putative role of HSP70-2 and HSP70-5 in seed germination and highlighted the role of the UBC system in the regulation of HSPs.
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Lisování olejů ze semen méně známých ovocných druhů
Horníková, Gabriela
The thesis focuses on the technology and process of producing oils from seeds of lesser known fruit species (hazel, royal walnut, black and red currant, rose hip, almond, plum, apricot and peach). It has been found that the Soxhlet method is more efficient in terms of oil yield (hazel 68% / walnut 66% / peach 44% / plum 36% / apricot 31% / currant 14% / rose 9%) than cold pressing by a screw press (hazel 62.7% / walnut 54.4% / almond 43% / plum 35% / apricot 28% / peach 27% / rose 5% / currant 2%). (GC method) The most represented fatty acids in all oils are oleic acid (18,54 - 85,77%), linoleic acid (8,13 - 59,46%) and palmitic acid (3,75 - 6, 76%). (CHASO method) Detection of minerals (C, H, N, O, S) with the highest content of C (67.4 - 85.3%)> H (10.3 - 13.5%)> O (1.5 - 22.4%)> N 0.04-0.4%). The content of elements (Fe, Ca, Cu and Mg) was found below the detection limit (ETA-AAS).
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Metody získávání a využití olejů ze semen révy vinné
Hrnčiříková, Karolína
The bachelor thesis "Methods of obtaining and utilizing of grapevine seeds oil" deals with the issue of obtaining and utilizing this oil. The theoretical part deals not only with the detailed composition of the grapevine, but also with the grape marc and the technological separation of the seeds. Furthermore, it states various technological processes of oil production, particular content of grapevine seed oil and emphasizes their subsequent use. The last chapter deals with the types of edible oils. The research was aimed at sensory evaluation of selected edible oils, but mainly grapevine seeds oil, using a questionnaire survey. Participants compared scents, taste, appearance and harmony of six samples of edible oils. A spectrophotometric line was used to compare the colour intensity of the used oils. The OIV 100-point table was used for the final evaluation.
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Decisions in seed reproduction in plants
Mašková, Tereza
Seed reproduction is a key part of the life cycle of the most plant species. It allows for the dispersal of species in space and time and, thus, significantly affects dynamics of plant populations and communities. Seed formation, germination and seedling establishment are subjected to selection pressures from the environment and lead to optimization of maternal investments (maternal care), manifested by the number of seeds and amount and composition of nutrients stored in individual seeds. The thesis aims to answer two questions: (i) whether maternal investments in terms of seed mass and seed nutrient stoichiometry is optimized according to the environmental conditions in which seedling development is expected and (ii) how nutrient availability, considering nutrients both stored in the seed by the mother plant and those available in the substrate, affects seedling growth and development. To answer the first question, we focused on interspecific comparisons of seed nutrient stoichiometry linking it with data on seed mass and species niche along gradients of nu- trient availability. We used a phylogenetically informed comparative approach to explore the ratio between phosphorus, nitrogen and nonstructural carbon in seeds from 510 wild herbaceous species. We analyzed seed nutrient stoichiometry with...
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Decisions in seed reproduction in plants
Mašková, Tereza ; Herben, Tomáš (advisor) ; Thompson, Ken (referee) ; Těšitel, Jakub (referee)
Seed reproduction is a key part of the life cycle of the most plant species. It allows for the dispersal of species in space and time and, thus, significantly affects dynamics of plant populations and communities. Seed formation, germination and seedling establishment are subjected to selection pressures from the environment and lead to optimization of maternal investments (maternal care), manifested by the number of seeds and amount and composition of nutrients stored in individual seeds. The thesis aims to answer two questions: (i) whether maternal investments in terms of seed mass and seed nutrient stoichiometry is optimized according to the environmental conditions in which seedling development is expected and (ii) how nutrient availability, considering nutrients both stored in the seed by the mother plant and those available in the substrate, affects seedling growth and development. To answer the first question, we focused on interspecific comparisons of seed nutrient stoichiometry linking it with data on seed mass and species niche along gradients of nu- trient availability. We used a phylogenetically informed comparative approach to explore the ratio between phosphorus, nitrogen and nonstructural carbon in seeds from 510 wild herbaceous species. We analyzed seed nutrient stoichiometry with...
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Nutričně cenné látky v pekařských výrobcích
Stará, Markéta
The bachelor thesis "Nutritive valuable substances in bakery products" firstly describes important nutrition substances, which may occur in bakery products such as complex carbohydrates, fibre, antioxidants and many more important substances. In the following parts author deals with: chemic composition of alternative crops used in bakery production, various types of seeds (mostly flax seeds, sunflower seeds and sesame seeds), which may be used for enriching products and composition of products used for fine pastry filling. Thereinafter the author focuses on nutrition recommendations, which are relied to the bakery products and compararing of selected products. The final part of the thesis is dedicated to research, which shall provide customer preferences in the selection of bakery products.
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Inquiry methods in educational area Man and his world: Seeds, fruit and young plants
Nikrýnová, Alena ; Stará, Jana (advisor) ; Straková, Jana (referee)
This diploma work deals with the issues of inquiry methods of teaching at primary schools. The theoretical part provides some reflections on contributions and limits of inquiry methods and defines basic inquiry skills. Activities concerning the theme "seeds, fruit, young plants" for the pupils of the 1.-4.grade are suggested in the practical part. Nine of them were tried out in classes. The results of the action research are summarized in the conclusion. They are related to these research questions: 1. How to adjust inquiry activities in a suitable way for their use in the given classes at primary schools? 2. How do children react to this work style? 3. What demands does this work style make on teachers? 4. What problems concerning partial inquiry skills could emerge? How to continue working at them?
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Study of the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in higher plants
Škrletová, Denisa ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Müller, Karel (referee)
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31; PEPC) is one of the carbon dioxide- fixing enzymes, which yields oxaloacetate from phosphoenolpyruvate and bicarbonate. Regulation of PEPC activity occurs at many levels. In addition to pH and concentration of activators and inhibitors, it is phosphorylation as well. Phosphorylation of PEPC causes a change of kinetic parameters, such as maximal reaction rate, sensitivity to activation or inhibition. Considering that, there is still little information like this about C3 plants and that regulation is in various plant species different, I have dealt with monitoring of the kinetic parameters and regulation possibilities of PEPC isolated from C3 plant sources (Cannabis sativa L., Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris). While the activity of PEPC from leaves of Cannabis sativa L. was decreased by alkaline phosphatase, the activity of PEPC from seeds of Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris was not affected by alkaline phosphatase. The affinity of PEPC from seeds Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris to the substrate PEP was higher than in the case of PEPC from leaves of Cannabis sativa L.. For PEPC from Cannabis sativa L. was found that the apparent dephosphorylation leads to decrease of sensitivity to the...
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