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The influence of morphometric changes of gray and white matter on brain functional connectivity in schizophrenia
Görnerová, Natálie ; Horáček, Jiří (advisor) ; Zach, Petr (referee) ; Filip, Pavel (referee)
More than a century has passed since a clear definition for schizophrenia was established, yet, the etiology, neuropathological and pathophysiological mechanisms of this psychiatric disorder still, to a large extent, remain to be elucidated. In the theoretical part of this dissertation, we review current classification and pathophysiology of schizophrenia, paying a particular attention to the findings from structural and functional imaging techniques. These techniques demonstrate that patients with schizophrenia tend to have reduced volume of grey matter, reduced integrity of white matter and a disrupted inter-regional functional connectivity (FC). The temporal association between structural changes, already detectable on imaging before symptoms appear, and development of disrupted FC remains to be uncovered. At the same time, current knowledge does not fully explain the link between disrupted FC and disturbed experience of self-awareness, a core symptom of schizophrenia. In addition, it is necessary to develop novel effective methods to prevent relapse and prevent the progression of neurobiological changes in the brain. In the practical part of this dissertation, we designed a study with three different groups of subjects aiming to fulfil three key aims that would help us to fill the gaps in...
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Mental disorders from the contemporary society point of view
HAJSÁK, Radek
The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of attitudes and stigmatization towards selectedmental disorders, specifically schizophrenia and depression. The work is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part first deals with the overarching topic of stigmatization and its consequences for the mentally ill. Furthermore, this part is gradually devoted to individual mental disorders and their comprehensive description. In the concluding chapter, these stigmatizations are connected with a specific mental disorder. The empirical part, which is due to the quantitative differential of the semantic method. The main goal of the work is to find out what attitudes contemporary society takes towards individual mental disorders. Furthermore, it focuses on identifying the differences between the perception of these two disorders, the differences in the responses of the respondents based on their socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, age, highest level of education and the size of the residence (permanent residence). In conclusion, I get to the differences in the answers based on personal experiences with individual disorders.
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Socially Therapeutic Workshop for People with Mental Disorder
PEKÁRKOVÁ, Markéta
This bachelor´s thesis deals with the topic of socially therapeutic workshop for people mental disorder. The purpose of the socially therapeutic workshop which serves as ambulatory social service is a long-term regular support aimed at the development of working habits and skills through social working therapy based on the objectives determined for the patients within their individual planning. The objective of this bachelor´s thesis was to determine what ways are used to provide social service of socially therapeutic workshop (its aims, the mission of the services, terms and principles, realisation of the service, benefits of the service for the users, the role, and activities of the social worker). The service is intended for the clients with mental diseases in Fokus, registered association, in České Budějovice. The qualitative research strategy was chosen for the methodical section and the method of questioning technique using semi-structured interview was used. The method of open coding was used to evaluate the results, the method - pencil, a sheet of paper. Three mind maps created in Mindmaster application were prepared to demonstrate the results. Four clients of the social therapeutic workshop and four social workers of this service took part in the interviews. It is obvious from the results of the research that the social workers as well as clients consider the obtaining of social contacts and provision of psychological support, which is important for the clients, to be the greatest benefit of this service. The workshop provides a cooking, a memory training, support groups, a literary club for the clients that help them to gain competences for everyday life. This bachelor´s thesis may be used as a feedback for the social therapeutic workshop where the research was realised. Furthermore, this thesis may be used as a source of information for the general public on how the socially therapeutic workshops for people with mental disorder are operated.
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Occupational therapy group work in psychiatric hospital
Kotrbová, Kateřina ; Pluhaříková-Pomajzlová, Jana (advisor) ; Kotková, Karla (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Name, Surname: Kateřina Kotrbová Supervisor: Mgr. Jana Pluhaříková-Pomajzlová Title: Occupational Therapy Group Work in Psychiatric Hospital Abstract: The bachelor thesis studies occupational therapy group work for patients with mental illness during hospitalization in a psychiatric hospital. It focuses on leading aimed group activity in occupational therapy and offers specific therapeutic units usable in practise that have been designed as a part of this paper and most of them have been verified in practice. Another outcome of the work is a workbook on the topic of time management which occupational therapists may use to manage group therapy and individual therapy as well. It also describes the role of occupational therapy in mental health care, its therapeutic benefits, and recommendations for working with a group. It aims at adult hospitalized patients with serious mental disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, etc.) who often receive aftercare as a part of their hospitalization. A total of 12 therapies performed in the aim group were described in the form of case reports with their preparation, course, conclusion, and reflection. The conclusion of the work summarizes and evaluates the practical experience with the created follow-up program on a selected topic within...
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The influence of circadian rhythms on the origin, course and treatment of human psychical disorders
Kititi, Tina ; Šolc, Roman (advisor) ; Škubica, Patrik (referee)
Circadian rhythms control several major functions in our body. Today's hectic lifestyle could damage circadian rhythms and also trigger a number of negative conditions that are predictors of psychical disorders. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are classified as serious mental disorders with a recurrent course and frequent long-term to lifelong treatment. Disruption of circadian rhythms has been shown to worsen the symptoms of these psychical disorders and increase their relapse rates. The disrupted circadian rhythms have the greatest impact on sleep patterns and differential rhythms of hormone production. Many studies suggest chronobiological treatment as a possible adjunctive treatment to conventional treatment with antidepressants and antipsychotics. The main goal of chronobiological treatment is to return the circadian rhythm to its correct original state. Although there is some association between circadian rhythms and the pathophysiology of psychical disorders, its exact role is not clearly understood. Key words: circadian rhythms, psychical disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, sleep
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Using the MMPI-2 in Differential Diagnostic of Asperger's Syndrome and Schizofrenia
Adámková, Jana ; Soukupová, Tereza (advisor) ; Goldmann, Petr (referee)
The main target of this study is to identify the scales in MMPI-2 which could help the differential diagnostic process between Asperger's syndrome and schizophrenia. Adult persons with Asperger's syndrome and adult persons with schizophrenia were examined. The study has a quantitative character, concretely data mining, which offers generating and verifying hypothesis. The results show that configuration of heights of specific scales can be crucial in distinguishing between Asperger's syndrome and schizophrenia. In the concrete we expect increase in 0Si, Sc1, Pa2 and OBS along with medial T-scores in Sc6, Pa1, Psyc and Biz in protocols of people with Asperger's syndrome. People with schizophrenia have increased T-scores in Sc6, Pa1, Psyc and Biz. KEY WORDS Asperger's syndrome Schizophrenia Differential diagnostic Adulthood MMPI-2
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Family psychoeducation and relapse prevention in psychotic disorders
Pleštilová, Lenka ; Bankovská Motlová, Lucie (advisor)
Relapse prevention is a primary long-term clinical goal in treatment of psychotic disorders. Pharmacotherapy by itself is not sufficient, because compliance of patients in remission is usually low and there are more factors contributing to relapse, especially stress of patients resulting from emotionally demanding situations in the family. PREDUKA (PREventive EDUcational programme for relapse prevention) is a six-hour professionally-led group programme for patients with psychotic disorders in ambulant therapy and for their relatives. In a field questionnaire survey we mapped 1) theoretical knowledge of participants, 2) usage of practical advice obtained from PREDUKA and 3) general benefit of programme. Participants from years 2007 - 2009 were included. The sample consisted of 14 patients and 22 relatives, 27 women and 11 men. The average age of patients was 28,6 years, that of relatives 44,4 years. High return of questionnaires from patients confirms their goodwill to cooperate. Knowledge of participants about psychosis and their therapy is very good, compliance of patients from our sample is high. Participants usually follow advice obtained from PREDUKA. Common is the ignorance of important phone numbers (crisis centre, attending psychiatrist), so we suggest to include a page in a workbook for these dates....
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