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Are Women More Risk-Averse than Men? A Meta-Analysis
Černý, Patrik ; Havránek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bauer, Michal (referee)
Are women more risk averse than men? While a large portion of economic literature confirms this phenomenon, the link between gender and risk aver- sion has not been found to be consistent. We investigate the difference in risk aversion between genders employing meta-analytic methods on 147 estimates collected from 25 primary studies, converted to partial correlation coefficients. We find positive publication bias in our dataset, suggesting that the reported estimates in primary studies are exaggerated. After adjusting for the publica- tion bias, men do not seem to be more risk-taking than women. In addition, we employ Bayesian Model Averaging to examine heterogeneity among the es- timates, controlling for additional 68 variables reflecting the design of primary studies. Based on the heterogeneity results, we find that the publication bias in our dataset is driven by 'lower quality' studies based on the RePEc ranking of economic journals. This finding also aligns with our robustness checks on sub- sets divided according to the quality of journals publishing the primary studies.
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Rozdíly mezi pohlavími jako reakce na prodejní pobídky
Solilyak, Maryna ; Král, Petr (advisor) ; Zlatić, Marija (referee)
Today, more and more similar products in one product line appear on store shelves, and buying decisions have become more complicated for the consumer. Despite this, producers have a clear vision that one of the most effective tools that can be used to distinguish their products is sales promotion. Nevertheless, every customer is unique, and the responses to sales promotion tools differ as well. The reason for sales promotion campaigns success depends on the depth of understanding of consumer behaviour. In order to create a successful communication campaign, marketers should be aware in the best ways of reaching the desired consumers. In this work we will take a look at the gender differences in consumer behaviour. In particular, we would like to see different responses toward men and women toward sales promotion campaigns.
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Gender differences in competitiveness in the case of distance runners in the Czech Republic
Kouklík, Jakub ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Tříska, Dušan (referee)
Contemporary literature says that women are less competitive than men. In this thesis I find out if this is the case even in an environment of elite Czech distant runners. Statistical and econometric methods applied to the data from the years 2006-2013 reveal significant differences between the sexes across all distances from 1 500 meters to marathon. These are the highest in the longest distances when Czech men run marathons five times faster than Czech women. Furthermore, I show that the gender gap in competitiveness remains constant on the track races, but in the road racing is declining. And because the acceleration among women occurs primarily in the lower ranks of the elite, it is concurrently valid "biological-predisposition" hypothesis, which is based on a constant differences between men and women due to biological differences, and "economic-incentive" hypothesis, according to which the differences is decreasing due to increasing returns of success in the form of the same financial rewards for winning. Completely fastest women act according to the first-mentioned, next best female runners according to the second. Finally, I suggest that growing quantity of women in road races plays substantial role in the women's approaching to men.
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