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Evaluation of humanitarian intervention in FRY in 1999
Duhan, Peter ; Anděl, Petr (advisor) ; Šindelář, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the humanitarian bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1999. The aim is to evaluate the NATO operation called Allied Force. The evaluation will consist two parts. First, the operation will be subjected to analysis in terms of Responsibility to Protect communication, which seeks to define the circumstances under which it is possible to attack a sovereign state in the name of human rights. Then the different objectives of the operation, as defined by NATO will be examined. The aim will be to determine whether the intentions of NATO were met and if not, why. In order to evaluate the Allied Force operation, it is necessery to analyze what was happening in this region throughout the history before 1999. This work briefly describes the history of Kosovo, then examines in detail the period from 80 years of the 20th century to 1999. Part of the work also deals with the ethnic wars in Balkan in the early 90s and the consequences that they had for Kosovo. The important part is to analyze how NATO positions formed from spring 1998 until June 1999, when the operation was completed.
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Securitization of human security during the process of accepting the Responsibility to Protect doctrine
Kopečný, Tomáš ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Anděl, Petr (referee)
After the international community decided to response to the experiences of genocides and ethnic cleansing in Rwanda, former Yugoslavia or East Timor in the 1990s by putting forward human security protection in the form of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine, it took another few years until the UN General Assembly officially accepted these principles in 2005. When compared to the initial proposal made by the ICISS in 2001, the UN World Summit Outcome document was much weaker in its demands. During the securitization process of human security, specific factors made these changes happen. The goal of this thesis is to answer the research question that is trying to explain this development: What factors caused the change of wording in the R2P concept in the 2005 document when compared to the original ICISS report? Theory of securitization was the main methodological tool based on which the thesis conducted the discourse analysis of speeches made by representatives of the permanent members of the UN Security Council. After analysing all the speeches related to R2P between December 2001 and September 2005, the thesis identified key discussion periods between the permanent members of the UN SC. Then it showed when and how did the countries articulate support for intervention at the expense of the...
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The concept of "Responsibility to Protect" and the international community. The case of Sudan
Linková, Zuzana ; Werkman, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
The thesis "Concept Responsibility to Protect Within International Community: Sudan Case Study" focuses on the R2P concept and its implications since its approval at the World Summit in 2005. The theoretical part of the thesis explains the R2P concept, its constitution, the three pillars and their main principles, and categories of crimes on which the concept can be applied. This section includes an analysis of attitudes, which the key international actors adopted towards the R2P. The last chapter of the theoretical part examines the main problems, challenges and difficulties of the concept which could the international community face when implementing the concept. The practical part of this thesis relates to the conflict in Darfur. Its first chapter deals with the evolution of tensions in Sudan, which had affected the current conflict. The second chapter focuses on the present conflict since its beginning in 2003, including the debate about the possibility of potential genocide committed by the Sudanese government. The involvement of the key international actors (the UNSC and AU) in the conflict is discussed in this part as well. Finally, the last part interconnects the concept through the three pillars with the conflict and; it evaluates functioning of the R2P in the case of Sudan. The evaluation...
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Humanitarian Intervention from the Point of View of International Law
Ondrovičová, Jana ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (referee) ; Jankuv, Juraj (referee)
in English The doctrine of "humanitarian intervention" has long been a controversial subject, both in law and in international relations, and remains so today. For humanitarian intervention is typical that it is a multidisciplinary issue. This problem is questionable not only from the point of view of law; however there also arise many ethic and moral dilemmas. The study handles the humanitarian intervention from the view of international law hence my aim is to outline the legal questions connected with this issue. At first it must be said that humanitarian intervention exists for a very long time although it has been subject of discussions for last ten or twenty years. What makes the humanitarian intervention such controversial point in question in contemporary international law? First of all the concept of humanitarian intervention must be distinguished from related concepts, such as "humanitarian action", "humanitarian operations", "humanitarian assistance", "intervention to protect nationals abroad", "intervention to facilitate self- determination", " pro-democratic intervention" and more other concepts closely link to humanitarian intervention If we start to concetrate just on humanitarian intervention there are questions to think about: Firstly, the main question is: What is the humanitarian...
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Great Britain and R2P in the case of the intervention in Libya
Mistrík, Peter ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Anděl, Petr (referee)
The responsibility to protect (R2P) norm represents a major shift in the perception of the scope of the state's sovereignty, the conditions of its existence and the situations when it is lost in favour of the international community. The protection of the civilians has become the top priority. If it is endangered, it is the world's duty to act. Exactly in the way it happened in Libya. The goal of this project is to answer the question whether the British participation at the 2011 military campaign in Libya can be regarded as legitimate according to the R2P. It is a case study where a concrete situation, i.e. the international intervention in Libya is applied to a theoretical framework that is represented by five conditions set by the R2P. The conditions must be met in order to launch a foreign armed intervention in a state that manifestly fails to protect its population facing large-scale crimes against humanity. These conditions serve as a basis for determining the legitimacy of UK's participation in the military intervention in Libya. The careful analysis of each of them proves that Britain acted in accordance with the R2P and the mandate that was entrusted to her by the international community. However, it was not true about few of her allies. Combined with Libya's uncertain future, the R2P must...
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Responsibility to Protect and Regime Change: Case of Libya
Koucká, Kateřina ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
The aim of this work is to analyze the relationship between R2P and violent regime change. The work gives an overview of the establishment of R2P on the international scene, and then deals with its problem of selectivity in its application in practice. Despite the formal adoption of R2P in 2005 by all UN member states, R2P has been since then applied to similar cases of humanitarian crises in different ways. The problem of selectivity of R2P is fuelling the criticism of its legitimacy, because it is according to many a mean for achieving regime change. The most important reason for R2P's criticism is the connection between R2P and violent regime change, and that is the central theme of this work. Based on an analysis of the documents which form R2P, the work concludes that military intervention under R2P must not be deliberately used for regime change. However, there may be situations, when regime change is necessary for the protection of civilians; which means that regime change can be regarded as legitimate only if it is as an indirect result of the intervention. Therefore regime change is an integral part of R2P. The work aims to explore this ambivalent relationship and find out, where lies the boundary between legitimate overthrowing of a régime for the protection of civilians, and regime...
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OSN a humanitárne intervencie v súčasnej praxi: činnosť vs. nečinnosť (prípadová štúdia)
Hlopková, Lucia ; Zemanová, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (referee)
The concept of humanitarian interventions has seen increased interest especially since the end of the Cold War. During the last two decades, humanitarian interventions have been at the centre of the emerging doctrine of the responsibility to protect. Through collecting and analysing the United Nations documents and historical experience, this thesis concludes that within contemporary representation of the humanitarian interventions, inaction is not a viable answer to mass violations of human rights. However, as the case of Darfur shows, this renewed commitment towards collective action has not been translated into actions yet. The practice of humanitarian interventions and the role of the United Nations need to be consolidated so that the inconsistency and selectivity objections are eradicated.
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Responsibility to Protect - Concept and Application
Sitter, Tomáš ; Dubský, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Sršeň, Radim (referee)
Topic of this thesis is the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine that has become very current at the present time because of its use in legitimising the operation of NATO and other countries during the uprising in Libya in 2011. Apart from a number of sympathetic opinions, it has caused a wave critique, which has been of two types. Some criticised even the fact itself that the UN Security Council had labelled the Libya situation as a case suited for the application of this doctrine. There were also those who had agreed wholeheartedly with this designation, but who were disappointed by how the operation that followed had proceeded. This section of critics claims that NATO and other states that took part in the operation overstepped the mandate granted to them by the Security Council and thereby caused at least a partial delegitimising of R2P.
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Responsibility to Protect in European security policy
Křišťanová, Karolina ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
The aim of the present thesis is to find common ground between Responsibility to protect (R2P) and European Security and Defense Policy in a way that would enable us to say whether and in which way can the two policies be supportive of one another in achieving their goals. The thesis is divided into three chapters. Chapter one describes Responsibility to protect. It especially focuses on the features and the content of the policy on the background of its development. Finally, it discusses the means that the norm employs. Chapter two is about European security and defense policy, but focuses almost entirely on European security strategy. Chapter three answers why and in what way the EU should include R2P into its security policy. It further tries to establish what the European Union should focus on, while implementing R2P. The very last section provides suggestions for what steps should the EU now follow in order to help effectively implement R2P while practicing its security and defense policy.
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