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The effect of gait training with a prosthesis on stability and parameters in patients with thigh amputation
Tučková, Tereza ; Smékal, David (advisor) ; Kálal, Jan (referee)
Diploma thesis "Effect of gait school with prosthesis on stability and walking parameters of patients after transfemoral amputation deals with problems of patients after transfemoral amputation due to vascular etiology. It mentions elementary knowledge of rehabilitation after amputation of lower extremity. Furthermore, there are described main complications that amputation brings into the patient ́s life: pain associated with amputation, skin complications and psychological hardships. Emphasis is laid on gait and gait practice for patients with amputation. I further deal with deviations commonly observed on gait of these patients and with factors influencing the gait, including the influence of particular parts of the prosthesis on patients ́ gait. The practical part is dedicated to comparison of two different approaches to gait practice. The effect of these approaches is evaluated on the basis of results of two groups of patients. The results were gathered by examination on force plate, measurement of gait velocity, examination of gait cadence and evaluation of patients ́s gait videos. Furthermore, I use functional tests: LCI - 5, ABIS - R, ABC scale and PEQ. All of these examinations were performed at the beginning and in the end of patients ́ stay at the Clinic of rehabilitation in Hradec Králové. The...
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The options of patients with hind limb amputation for physiotherapy treatments
DÖRNEROVÁ, Nicola
This work elaborates on the problematic of amputation of lower/hind limb and pitfalls associated with it. The theoretical part deals with the amputation from the historical and etiological point of view. I list all types of amputation interventions and their risk factors. A substantial part of the theoretical section is dedicated to physiotherapeutic procedures and possible prosthetic treatments, which are an important part of rehabilitation care for patients with amputations. The practical part of my bachelor work is processed by means of qualitative research. The research was conducted using case studies which, on the basis of anamnesis and examination contain kinesiology input analysis, procedures in physiotherapy and kinesi-ology analysis output. Using case studies I describe the application of theoretical knowledge in practice. The research was conducted at the Center of Technical Orthopedics in Ceske Budejovice. The research sample consisted of three patients with varying height of amputation intervention of the lower limb. All patients were men aged 50-65 years, with the first equipment of the prosthetic device, the first patient after exarticulation in the hip, the other after amputation in his thigh, and the third patient after amputation in his shin. Physiotherapy ran for 10 weeks, 1x a week for 60 minutes. I established an exercise set of five exercises for each patient that they were also supposed to practice at home by themselves. In addition to that, each patient received extra exercises for home practicing to suit their individual needs. I assessed the effectiveness of the therapy based on the results of input and output tests. The aim of this study was to map the practice of physiotherapy with patients after lower limb amputations. Among the most important tasks of a physiotherapist with patients with amputations I consider the care of the stump, the status of which is closely linked with the use of prostheses. During my practice I reassured myself that complications of the amputation stump significantly limit the use of prosthesis. A limited use of prosthesis consequently prolongs the patient's return to the society as its as equivalent as possible member, in accordance with the abilities and possibilities of each individual patient. The effect of locomotion with a prosthesis on the mental aspect of an individual after a leg amputation was in my practice also obvious. The results of the research part of my thesis show that the health state of all probands mentioned in my work improved after 10 weeks of treatment. During my internship, I reaffirmed the importance of early initiation of rehabilitation and awareness of patients about the possibilities of the prosthetic equipment, interdisciplinary cooperation of the nursing staff, age, cooperation and motivation of the patient. This work can serve as an educational material not only for health care workers, but also for the sick or for their family members.
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Upper Extremity Prosthetics
Tomanová, Markéta ; Janoušek, Oto (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
Bachelor´s thesis summarizes the knowledge about prosthetic substitutes upper extremities, with a focus on myoelectric prosthesis, the bionic arm. Practical work provides an overview of the different types of upper limb prostheses, starting with cosmetic prostheses without the active functions, ending with active myoelectric hand. Literature search is performed, including the summary table comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each upper limb prostheses. The next section deals with directly myoelectric extremities, with a view to prosthesis individual companies to specialize their production of these prostheses. The practical part was focused on recording electromyographic signals directly intended to control myo-electric prostheses. The proposed block diagram shows the bionic arm components required for its activity. The included software allows to process signals measured using the Biopac system. The result is a functional work program based on the principle of detecting overthreshold impulses. Based on the resulting binary outputs there are the final results of the prosthesis control, both text and graphics, shown after adjusting.
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Transtibial prosthesis for recreational swimming
Křemen, Jan ; Mazůrek, Ivan (referee) ; Paloušek, David (advisor)
This thesis deals with the construction of an active transtibial prosthesis for recreational swimming. Its aim is to create a working sample of such a prosthesis. The device will primarily serve the patient to move in water - it will be attached to the stump and it will be driven forward. Secondarily, the prosthesis can be used for walking, in the sense that the patient attaches the prosthesis near to a water surface (pool, lake, ocean) and comes with it to the shore. As part of the design and electronics it will be necessary to determine the characteristics of the human resistance in water depending on speed and to determine the necessary propulsion (thrust) strength of the propeller, which will serve as the driving force. Subsequently there will be formed structural variants and selected the best one. This will become default for design and construction of simplified testing device, which will be tested for static thrust. After verifying the functionality and reliability, the final functional sample will be manufactured and tested too.
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The Upper Limb Prosthesis And Its Impact On A Patient's Mental State
Štechová, Eva ; Bachura,, Marek (referee) ; Zdařil, Zdeněk (advisor)
Bachelor's thesis deals with myoelectric upper limb prosthesis and it's effect on mental state of the patient. It was created as a collaboration with company OTTOBOCK SLOVAKIA s.r.o, company that distributes prostheses and other devices to help improve or preserve mobility for disabled patients. I chose one of their products, Greifer, and decided to do a redesign. Greifer is a prosthesis made for delicate work with small objects on one hand, on the other for harder work that requires a firm grip. I created the design with regards to ergonomics, functionality and aesthetic quality. My aim was to create a product that a patient would easily get used to, and it would not draw negative attention of other people, which would have negative effect on a mental health of the patient. Functionally I followed the today's Greifer system provided by Ottobock at first, but then I added the function of rotation around spherical joint, inspired by an actual human wrist joint.
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Structural members of prostheses of upper extremities
Mužný, Lukáš ; Opl, Miroslav (referee) ; Matějka, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the upper limb prosthesis. The target of the project is to create an overview of the distribution and types of prostheses and their individual elements. In particular, it deals with the problem myoelctric prostheses. Provides information on the biomechanics of human arm, specifies options grip of the object, gives an overview of the research centers and their substitutes developed upper limbs. It also focuses on the possibility of prostheses control by myoelectric signals.
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Nursing care in patients after amputations
DOPITOVÁ, Pavla
The amputation is currently quite a common measure, the most common cause of which is complications of people who suffer form diabetes; it is so called a diabetic foot. Another group of people involves people with severe limb injuries. The sick people who are expected to undergo amputation are admitted to hospitals at surgical ortraumatology standard wards or intensive care units, and it is necessary that nurses have theoretical knowledge as well as practical nursing skills related to those patients because if a sick person wants to start a full-value life after the amputation, he or she needs to be provided with a quality nursing care. The nursing care is multidisciplinary because it involves care provided not only by medical professionals at emergencies, rehabilitation wards and ambulances but also by technical orthopaedic professionals. The thesis has two objectives. The first objective was find out whether the nurses can care of the patients with an amputated limb. The second objective was to find out whether the nurse apply a holistic approach to care. These objectives were given three hypotheses. Hypotheses 1: The nurse follow correct procedures while taking care of the client after the amputation. Hypotheses 2: The nurses have enough information on care of the client after the amputation. Hypothesis 3: The nurses focus on physical needs of the client. All three hypotheses have not been confirmed. The objectives of the thesis have been fulfilled. The Bachelor´s thesis could be used during at the surgery and traumatology wards. Further on it can serve as a material for students of health care or as a standard in nursing care of the sick people after the amputations. This thesis includes an educational material concerned with orthopaedic prosthesis.
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Possible procedures as part of physiotherapy treatment in patients with lower limb amputation
SAVVINOVÁ, Kristýna
My bachelor thesis seeks to provide an insight into the issues associated with amputation of lower extremities. Amputation is an extensive surgical intervention which removes peripheral parts of the body. The objective of the theoretical part of my thesis was to present to the general public the issues associated with the return of patients after the amputation of a lower limb back to the normal life and the objective of the practical part was to make the return easier by means of a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to the patient. The research was performed using a qualitative method, by means of case studies of two male probands who underwent an amputation of the right lower limb at the thigh. The two probands were of similar age and with the same type of amputation. The first patient was hospitalized in the hospital Nemocnice sv. Zdislavy s.r.o., Mostiště, where I was involved in early postsurgery physiotherapy. The second patient was in the therapeutic center (Hamzova odborná léčebna pro děti a dospělé), in Luže {--} Košumberk, where I concentrated on physiotherapeutic procedures suitable for a prosthetic stage of rehabilitation. I selected the two probands also in order to demonstrate that it is important not only to provide early postsurgery rehabilitation but also rehabilitation in the prosthetic stage with a subsequent continuation of autotherapy. Both the patients experienced a major improvement of their physical and mental condition; this was undoubtedly supported by the comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach throughout the entire period of the provided care. In terms of taking care of themselves, the patients are now nearly self-sufficient, which is very important for their return back to the regular life. The thesis may be further used in clinical practice of physiotherapists and medical personnel. It may also serve as an educational material for patients.
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