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Mathematical Models of Production
Hanzlíček, Tomáš ; Půža, Bedřich (referee) ; Mezník, Ivan (advisor)
The thesis deals with the mathematical modelling of economic processes, particulary production. Basic approach, models and methods of modelling concerning the mentioned area are described. Further, specific characterizations are investigated. Application of selected methods to typical examples is presented. In the final part models on concrete data are constructed.
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The estimation of country - level production function aimed at understanding the role of human capital
Mačorová, Simona ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Průša, Jan (referee)
Our goal is the estimation of country - level production function aimed at understanding the role of human capital. We analyze the effect of education, especially the effect of the share of college graduates in prime-age population (between 25 - 54 years) on the European Union (EU) countries' labor productivity. Here, an important issue is efficiency of tertiary education institutions. We split the ratio of human capital to observe it from different aspects. We compare an effect of lower and upper tertiary educated, by specializations and by gender. The relationship between human capital and labor productivity was found positive though not significant or significant only on 10 % confidence level. The influence of human capital on labor productivity was found very low, in some cases even negative. Assuming that one of the main reasons behind these contra-intuitive results is the problem of unobserved heterogeneity, we also run instrumental variable estimation. We found positive and significant on 5 % confidence level relationship between human capital and labor productivity. The influence of larger share of tertiary educated people on labor productivity is more evident after some period of time, in our example after two years. Keywords: human capital, labor productivity, European Union, production...
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Effects of Culture on Production: Influence of Cultural Differences on Economic Performance of Human Capital
Šenkýřová, Jitka ; Benáček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Eckertová, Eva (referee)
Title Effects of Culture on Production: Influence of Cultural Differences on Economic Performance of Human Capital Abstract Within the Thesis the concept of production function is described and human capital as one the main inputs is further examined. The main focus of this thesis is to discover whether there is any effect of culture on production. Such aim will be examined by testing the null hypothesis that there is no effect of cultural dimensions on production. The null hypothesis is tested by regression analysis. JEL Classication D24, E24, J24, Z19 Keywords Production, Production Function, Human Capital, Culture, Cultural Dimensions, Hofstede, Long-Term Orientation Author's e-mail: jitkasenkyrova@email.cz Supervisor's e-mail: benacekv@fsv.cuni.cz 1
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The Theory of Capital in Past Economic Thought
Tejkalová, Natálie ; Průša, Jan (advisor) ; Mikolášek, Jakub (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to provide an overview of the development of the theory of capital until 1950's. We identify the main questions that are to be answered in the theory of capital and then recall the respective opinions of several well-known economists, including Adam Smith, Eugene von Böhm-Bawerk, Fridrich A. von Hayek and Joan Robinson. Main focus of our thesis is on the role of capital in production. We discuss the importance of time factor in capital theories. To illustrate the possible employment of time in the theory of production, we present the concepts of roundaboutness and production period, which are typical for the Austrian economic school. Three capital controversies are described to show the contrast between various theories of capital and to suggest the implications of their disaccord for the whole economic theory.
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Three essays on Policy Evaluation and Analysis
Kopečná, Vědunka ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Steininger, Karl (referee) ; Brůha, Jan (referee) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
Three essays on policy evaluation and analysis Author Mgr. Vědunka Kopečná Year 2021 Advisor PhDr. Jaromír Baxa, Ph.D. No. of pages 164 This thesis consists of three articles sharing the main theme - evaluation of policies related to current issues both from micro and macroeconomic perspectives. The dissertation aims at the central European region. The first article presents a novel methodology of a hybrid dynamic computable general equilibrium model used to quantify socio-economic impacts of an emission abatement driven policy focused on adoption of electric vehicles in personal transport on the example of Austria. Heterogeneous micro-founded preferences are integrated into a dynamic computational general equilibrium model which is further linked to a bottom-up technology-rich electricity model and a stock-flow vehicle accounting model. Endogenously determined emissions from vehicle use, electricity generation, and production provide an input to quantify external costs attributable to air quality and carbon emissions using the Impact Pathway Analysis. The second article estimates the elasticity of substitution between capital, labour, energy and materials in the constant elasticity of substitution production function, which is being used in a majority of general equilibrium models. We use a non-linear...
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The estimation of country - level production function aimed at understanding the role of human capital
Mačorová, Simona ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Průša, Jan (referee)
Our goal is the estimation of country - level production function aimed at understanding the role of human capital. We analyze the effect of education, especially the effect of the share of college graduates in prime-age population (between 25 - 54 years) on the European Union (EU) countries' labor productivity. Here, an important issue is efficiency of tertiary education institutions. We split the ratio of human capital to observe it from different aspects. We compare an effect of lower and upper tertiary educated, by specializations and by gender. The relationship between human capital and labor productivity was found positive though not significant or significant only on 10 % confidence level. The influence of human capital on labor productivity was found very low, in some cases even negative. Assuming that one of the main reasons behind these contra-intuitive results is the problem of unobserved heterogeneity, we also run instrumental variable estimation. We found positive and significant on 5 % confidence level relationship between human capital and labor productivity. The influence of larger share of tertiary educated people on labor productivity is more evident after some period of time, in our example after two years. Keywords: human capital, labor productivity, European Union, production...
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Effects of Culture on Production: Influence of Cultural Differences on Economic Performance of Human Capital
Šenkýřová, Jitka ; Benáček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Eckertová, Eva (referee)
Title Effects of Culture on Production: Influence of Cultural Differences on Economic Performance of Human Capital Abstract Within the Thesis the concept of production function is described and human capital as one the main inputs is further examined. The main focus of this thesis is to discover whether there is any effect of culture on production. Such aim will be examined by testing the null hypothesis that there is no effect of cultural dimensions on production. The null hypothesis is tested by regression analysis. JEL Classication D24, E24, J24, Z19 Keywords Production, Production Function, Human Capital, Culture, Cultural Dimensions, Hofstede, Long-Term Orientation Author's e-mail: jitkasenkyrova@email.cz Supervisor's e-mail: benacekv@fsv.cuni.cz 1
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The Theory of Capital in Past Economic Thought
Tejkalová, Natálie ; Průša, Jan (advisor) ; Mikolášek, Jakub (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to provide an overview of the development of the theory of capital until 1950's. We identify the main questions that are to be answered in the theory of capital and then recall the respective opinions of several well-known economists, including Adam Smith, Eugene von Böhm-Bawerk, Fridrich A. von Hayek and Joan Robinson. Main focus of our thesis is on the role of capital in production. We discuss the importance of time factor in capital theories. To illustrate the possible employment of time in the theory of production, we present the concepts of roundaboutness and production period, which are typical for the Austrian economic school. Three capital controversies are described to show the contrast between various theories of capital and to suggest the implications of their disaccord for the whole economic theory.
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