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Working with gifted pupils in mathematical education
Pínová, Markéta ; Ročák, Štěpán (advisor) ; Kaslová, Michaela (referee)
This thesis focuses on the didactics of mathematics in the context of teaching gifted pupils. In the thesis I describe in detail the course of individual teaching of mathematics of two pupils - one exceptionally gifted and the other accelerated in mathematics. This teaching process is captured and reflected upon through teaching protocols, with the structure of reflection based on selected didactic phenomena. Next, in the practical part, I discuss the case study of the two pupils, based on a semi-structured interview with the class teacher and my observation of individual teaching. The case study, based on my observation, is conceived through other significant didactic phenomena. In the theoretical part, I discuss the issue of gifted pupils and key aspects of this topic that provide a context for professional knowledge. This section also serves as a description of the background for the design of the tasks and the conception of the whole teaching. I also define important terms used in the practical part. The last part of the paper presents a set of tasks suitable for gifted pupils in their second year of primary school, which is offered for use by teachers of gifted pupils. KEYWORDS gifted pupil, didactics of mathematics, cognitive process, constructivist approach to teaching, individualized teaching
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Games in primary school geometry
Myšková, Markéta ; Jirotková, Darina (advisor) ; Slezáková, Jana (referee)
5 Abstract This diploma thesis is called The Games in Primary School Geometry and it describes the benefits of the games in teaching geometry as a teaching method for acquiring and strengthening geometric knowledge. The goal of the thesis is to submit the set of didactic games which are suitable for teaching geometry and point out interesting cognitive and interactive phenomena identified in the communication among pupils and a teacher in the role of an experimenter. The work consists of a theoretical and practical part. The first one explains the key terms related to the game in geometry, for example: the learning process, teaching methods, didactic game, motivation, communication, spatial and geometric imagination. Literature concerning the fields of pedagogy, psychology and mathematics was used to elaborate the topics of the thesis. The practical part contains a set of game suggestions for teaching geometry. I chose a few of the games and used them when teaching the pupils of the 4th class of the basic school. The course of each game is commented on and described in details. The conclusion contains the self-reflection and I set the topics for my future work as a teacher. Keywords: didactic game, teaching methods, learning process, terminology, game strategy.
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Constructivist teaching of percentage in two classes with a different background in teaching mathematics
Pechmanová, Kateřina ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Kvasz, Ladislav (referee)
The content of the thesis consists of a description of constructivist teaching of the topic of percentage in the primary school, that is the teaching in which not the teacher, but the pupil is in the center. The principles of constructivist teaching and the learning process in terms of the theory of generic models are described on the basis of literature. In accordance with these principles, a number of textbooks have been analyzed, in which the the topic of percentage is introduced, and experimental teaching based on the above principles has been prepared. Experimental teaching was realized in two classes of the 7th grade with a different experience with the teaching of mathematics in their 6th grade. The main goal of the work was to prepare, implement, describe and evaluate the teaching of percentage based on pupils' activity and their individual discovery. The lessons have been described and evaluated on the basis of audio recordings, notes from the lessons, records of pupilss solutions, interviews, notes and interviews with a teacher assistant, pre-tests and post-tests. The lessons were analyzed mainly in terms of pupils' involvement in teaching, their discoveries and knowledge acquisition, including its anchoring in the knowledge structure. In both classes, part of the pupils managed to find a...
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Constructivist teaching of the area of a triangle and parallelogram in two classes with a different background in teaching mathematics
Sovič, Pavel ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Tůmová, Veronika (referee)
The thesis deals with constructivist approaches to teaching mathematics in lower secondary school, which means that a pupil is the centre of learning process. Based on study of literature, textbook analysis, and, in particular, in accordance with the theory of generic models as a theory describing way to build pupils' knowledge, a teaching experiment was prepared, focusing on the area of triangle and parallelogram. Experimental lessons were realized in two 7 grade classes with different experience with being taught mathematics at the elementary school. One class was taught by a highly instructive series of textbooks, while the second by textbooks which respected the principles of constructivism aimed at pupils and allowed individualization of learning process. The main objective of the thesis is to describe the experimental education in both classes and evaluate it from two perspectives. First of all, qualitatively, by analysing video recordings of lessons, pupils' solutions, notes from lessons, print screens from interactive whiteboard, but also by examining attendance sheets from teachers observing some lessons. In the second case, quantitatively, based on pre- and post- tests. The qualitative analysis is mainly focused on key discoveries and didactical situations in teaching and on an assessment...
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Functional thinking of high school students
Janda, David ; Pilous, Derek (advisor) ; Vondrová, Naďa (referee)
The aim of the thesis Functional thinking of high school students is an analysis and descrip- tion of chosen aspects of function theory at high school, which seems to be problematic. The first chapter of the thesis summarizes basic theoretical concepts of didactics of mathematics focusing on and describing selected researches in the framework of aspects. The second part deals with the analysis of the research realized in standard math lessons at high school. The final chapter of the thesis recapitulates the results of the research from the points of view of particular aspects and discuses their importance and the way of utilization in education.
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Fantasy - Theory of the Genre and its Educative Aspects
HOKR, Boris
This diploma thesis deals with fantasy literature in both, national and international contexts, as well as with its didactical possessions. Its aim is to prove that this genre has, apart from its history and a recognized place in the domain of literature, a cognitive value to enhance the readers in terms of aesthetics, knowledge, experience and emotions. A second aim of the thesis is to describe the position of fantasy in so-called ``speculative fiction{\crq}q. The first part of the work allows its readers to understand the term ``Fantasy``. It also provides them with history of the genre and its nowadays´ subdivision. In the subsequent chapters the fantasy is presented as a genre able to adapt to fields not necessarily linked to contemporary literature, such as source of knowledge and understanding in lives of young people. A more detailed approach to the Czech form of the genre is also provided with emphasis to common and opposite aspects of it in comparison with the world fantasy (mostly Anglo-American). The didactical potential is underlined in appropriate paragraphs. The 4th and 6thchapters are then fully dedicated to the didactical potential. The last chapter presents results of research work focused on fantasy.
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