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Influence of heavy metal oxides on the formation and properties of Portland clinker
Kašpárková, Kateřina ; Rovnaníková, Pavla (referee) ; Vyšvařil, Martin (advisor)
The Master’s thesis is focused on a study of the effect of increased content of heavy metals present in a raw meal on the formation and properties of prepared clinker and acquired cement. Main attention is devoted to changes on the physical, mechanical, microstructural and hydration properties. The theoretical part contains an overview of clinker minerals occurring in Portland cement including the possibility of incorporation of heavy metals into their structure and affecting the properities of the cement. In the experimental part, there is compared the effect of heavy metal oxides on the composition and hydration properties of portland clinker and physical-mechanical and microstructural properities of cement pastes prepared from this clinker.
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The influence of barium oxide on the formation and properties of portland clinker
Zezulová, Anežka ; Šoukal, František (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
Portland clinker is thanks to its large-scale production a continuously studied topic. Clinker, or Portland cement, is used for construction purposes, or for insulation and special applications. One of these special applications could be shielding of different types of radiation by making use of the content of barium ions. The present master’s thesis examines the influence of barium oxide on the formation and properties of Portland clinker, which could be, by incorporation of barium ions into the system, used as a binder for buildings resistant to various types of radiation. Barium sulfate and barium carbonate were added to the raw meal in order to prepare clinkers with different content of barium oxide. The effect of barium on the formation of clinker phases was studied (by XRD – Rietveld analysis and by the microscopic point integration), as well as the effects on the variations of temperature of the phase formation (TG-DTA) and the rate of alite formation under isothermal conditions. Furthermore, the ability of barium to become a part of clinker minerals was studied by SEM with EDS, and the solubility of barium phases by ICP-OES. The hydration of clinker minerals containing barium was studied by isothermal calorimetry.
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Milling activators use in the Portland clinker production practice
Spurný, Marek ; Kejík, Pavel (referee) ; Svěrák, Tomáš (advisor)
This work deals kinetics of grinding Portland cement clinker which is influenced by addition of grinding inlays surfactants. In an experiment, attritor-type stirred mill was used and surface active grinding additives such as polyethylenglykol (PEG), triethylamin (TEA) and acetate of ammonium were utilized. Granulometric distribution graph obtained from laser diffraction analysis provides data for plotting development diagrams for milling process.
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Possibilities of using recycled brick in binders systems with p-clinker content
Tušla, Václav ; Ptáček, Petr (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the preparation binder systems based on Portland clinker and recycled brick. Recycled brick is considered a waste material from construction or production of brick products. This thesis uses finely grounded brick recycled and brick dust, which is produced during final processing of burnt bricks. By incorporating brick dust in alternative system based on Portland clinker could bring ecological and economic benefits. This diploma thesis deals with option using brick dust as pozzolan admixture to Portland clinker, with the aim to prepare and test Portland cement, which is defined in v ČSN EN 197-1. This thesis also deals with possibility preparation of alternative binders based on p-clinker, but those not defined by ČSN EN 197-1. Specifically these are ternary binders with fluid bed ash and binders based on hybrid cements containing sodium sulfate.
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The thermodynamic stability of etringite
Magrla, Radek ; Durica,, Tibor (referee) ; Bílek,, Vlastimil (referee) ; Brauner,, Josef (referee) ; Fridrichová, Marcela (advisor)
The theoretical part of this doctoral thesis summarizes the current knowledge of portland cement and its manufacturing technology, information of FBC ash, Aft phases, AFm phases and the current knowledge of thermodynamic stability of ettringite. The practical part of the doctoral thesis focuses on manufacturing of ettringite based on yeelimite clinker, studying the influence of environment on thermodynamic stability of ettringite and manufacturing of ettringite by direct addition of calcium hydroxide and aluminum sulfate.
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The influence of barium and its compounds on the formation and properties of Portland clinker
Zezulová, Anežka ; Rovnaníková, Pavla (referee) ; Palou, Martin (referee) ; Ptáček, Petr (advisor)
The work deals with the study of barium cement. Barium cements are used to prepare concrete that protects against ionizing radiation. Barium can be also present in a conventional Portland cement clinker as an impurity from alternative fuels or raw materials, which are increasingly used for clinker production, and thus change the structure and properties of the product. Various methods of preparation of this cement were studied in this work. Barium cements were prepared from raw meals of different composition, but always with the same procedure and burning temperature. Using suitable analytical methods, the work describes the influence of individual admixtures of raw meal on the phase composition of the resulting clinker. Furthermore, the work deals with monitoring the form and location of barium in the prepared clinker. Several experiments are focused on the study of hydration of prepared barium clinkers, the phase transformation is monitored by XRD and supplemented by analyses of hydration products. In this way, it was possible to obtain the data needed to describe the preparation, burning, and hydration of barium cements with different compositions. The work also deals in detail with the real use of barium cements. The ability of pastes and mortars from prepared barium cements to shield various types of ionizing radiation was tested and described experimentally. The results are presented in comparison with reference samples, which were prepared from commonly used Portland cement.
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Hybrid binders containing Portland clinker
Kratochvilová, Lucie ; Hrubý, Petr (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the use of cement kiln dust in combination with portland clinker. Cement kiln dust is a fine bulk material which is not good to mix further with cement, due to its unsuitable chemical composition. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to verify the possibilities of using this secondary material as a potential component of hybrid binders. For experimental part were taken several cement kiln dusts from different sources. The evaluation of the prepared binders was similar to Portland cement, the tests were performed according to ČSN EN 196.
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Possibilities of using recycled brick in binders systems with p-clinker content
Tušla, Václav ; Ptáček, Petr (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the preparation binder systems based on Portland clinker and recycled brick. Recycled brick is considered a waste material from construction or production of brick products. This thesis uses finely grounded brick recycled and brick dust, which is produced during final processing of burnt bricks. By incorporating brick dust in alternative system based on Portland clinker could bring ecological and economic benefits. This diploma thesis deals with option using brick dust as pozzolan admixture to Portland clinker, with the aim to prepare and test Portland cement, which is defined in v ČSN EN 197-1. This thesis also deals with possibility preparation of alternative binders based on p-clinker, but those not defined by ČSN EN 197-1. Specifically these are ternary binders with fluid bed ash and binders based on hybrid cements containing sodium sulfate.
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Milling activators use in the Portland clinker production practice
Spurný, Marek ; Kejík, Pavel (referee) ; Svěrák, Tomáš (advisor)
This work deals kinetics of grinding Portland cement clinker which is influenced by addition of grinding inlays surfactants. In an experiment, attritor-type stirred mill was used and surface active grinding additives such as polyethylenglykol (PEG), triethylamin (TEA) and acetate of ammonium were utilized. Granulometric distribution graph obtained from laser diffraction analysis provides data for plotting development diagrams for milling process.
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Blast furnace slag as a component of hydraulic binders
Velebný, Josef ; Faltus, Miloš (advisor) ; Kuchařová, Aneta (referee)
The aim of this work is to evaluate blast furnace slag as an additive in hydraulic binders. These additives favorably affect the mechanical, chemical and phase properties of cements and binders on their basis. Basic structural and chemical analyzes of studied slags and reference cement and structural analyzes of hydrated binders were carried out on their basis. Furthermore, this thesis deals with testing and comparison of mechanical properties of mortar test bodies based on Reference Portland cement itself and with the addition of finely ground granulated and air cooled blast furnace slag and the development of these properties over time. Subsequently, these results are compared and made out about the usability of the studied materials for the production of hydraulic binders as compared to cements without added slag depending on time. Testing of mechanical properties according to the relevant standard ČSN EN 12390. Attention is paid mainly to the development of compressive strength and flexural tension. The XRD and XRF methods were used to study the phase and chemical composition of studied materials and hydrated binders based on these. Keywords: Slag, portland slime, hydraulic binder, Portland cement, blast furnace slag, phase composition, glass phase, latent hydraulicity, pozolanita, alkaline...
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