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Pesticide impacts on farmland bird populations
Kutzendőrferová, Adéla ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Grünwald, Jan (referee)
Pesticides are problematic chemicals that are found in a variety of environments. These substances tend to accumulate in living organisms, where they decomposite very slowly and can have a negative impact on bird populations. This is why some chemicals are still detected in these environments today, even years after their use has been banned, and may continue to affect organisms. The aim of my bachelor thesis was to conduct a literature search on the impact of pesticides on farmland bird populations. The first part of the thesis focuses on pesticides, their history, their division into different systems and their effects. The second part of the thesis then discusses the overall effects of pesticide use on farmland bird populations, particularly on breeding success and abundance. In this part, several studies have been collected that confirm the negative effect of pesticides on bird abundance, but not all of these studies are representative of real situations in the landscape. Finally, the paper assesses the overall role of pesticides in the observed bird declines and also presents suggestions to address the current negative trends. The thesis points to the need for expanded research studies that reflect actual conditions in agricultural landscapes to reveal the true extent of the effects of these...
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Demografický vývoj v Íránu a jeho socioekonomické podmíněnosti
Kudrna, Radek
Kudrna R. Demographic development in Iran and its socio-economic conditions. Brno, 2022. Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies. The bachelor thesis deals with the demographic development of Iran and its socio - economic conditions. The aim of this work is to map the most important socio-economic and cultural conditions of Iran's fertility development from the second half of the 20th century to the present. The work also deals with the future socio-economic outlook and impacts based on established population policies. The theoretical part presents the definition of the demographic transition in the Middle East and the definition of population policies, supplemented by examples of good or bad practice. The practical part is developed using the obtained data and their calculations, evaluation of population policies within time periods and their impacts, as well as deduction of the future socio-economic perspective.
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Tesařík alpský (\kur{Rosalia alpina}) v Ralské pahorkatině
KOVÁŘOVÁ, Pavlína
The Rosalia longicorn (Rosalia alpina; Linnaeus, 1758) is a protected saproxylic (deadwood-depending) beetle species. Thanks to its attractive colouring, it acts as an umbrella species important for biodiversity conservation. The beetle has disappeared from many places in the Czech Republic, with one of the last populations surviving in the Ralska upland. Using the capture-mark-recapture method, I estimated the local population size, and mobility of the species, and related the results to the data obtained in previous years. The outcome will support more efficient conservation strategies targeted at this species in the Ralska upland.
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Clinical significance of the rs4646994 polymorphism in the ACE gene
BÍCHOVÁ, Simona
The present bachelor thesis deals, as it is obvious from the title, with one particular polymorphism rs4646994 in the ACE gene and its clinical significance. The ACE gene, consisting of 26 exons, is localized on chromosome 17q23 and its name ACE stands for angiotensin converting enzyme. This enzyme is capable of breaking down proteins and is part of the renin-angiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure and fluid and salt balance in the body. The principle is to split a protein called angiotensin I into angiotensin II. This then causes the blood vessels to narrow (constrict), leading to an increase in blood pressure. This protein also stimulates the production of the hormone aldosterone, which triggers the absorption of salts and water by the kidneys. The increased amount of fluid in the body subsequently increases blood pressure. In addition, angiotensin II may also play a role in kidney development. The selected ACE rs4646994 polymorphism is of great interest in terms of various diseases (e.g. COVID-19, nephropathy in diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovary syndrome, etc.) It may also play an important role in Alzheimer's disease, which is the focus of the practical part of this bachelor thesis. The investigation of the rs4646994 polymorphism in the ACE gene was carried out in a selected group of 61 patients with a diagnosis of dementia by end-point PCR. The data obtained were then statistically processed and compared with a control group of patients without a diagnosis of dementia. The results were then compared with available scientific publications.
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Distribution and abundance of wintering and breeding population of Mute Swan (\kur{Cygnus olor}) in the South Bohemia region
HNÍDKOVÁ, Lucie
This work evaluates quantity of the mute swan (Cygnus olor) in wintering grounds and nesting sites in southern Bohemia. The mute swan became the target species of the JOK 2020 Bird of the Year campaign. The aim of mapping the mute swan population in 2020 was to identify as much of its South Bohemian nesting and wintering population as possible. The census followed similar projects from previous years and it took place in a total of four terms. The most important of them was the third term, which involved the nesting and leading of the young swans. A total of 1358 locations were inspected. In the first term, i.e., during the count in wintering grounds, 387 swans were recorded in 184 locations. During nesting, i.e., in the second and third terms, a total of 1230 locations were inspected, of which 368 (29.92 %) were occupied. There were 162 nesting pairs in 159 locations. In the third term separately, a total of 1003 locations were inspected, 1563 individuals at 221 locations were recorded, 96 pairs with a total of 434 young were present. During the August after-nesting count, 666 locations were inspected, and 1284 swans were recorded at 122 locations. Nesting swans most often occurred in habitats with vegetation area over 25 %.
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Analýza vybraných W obohacených repetic u předivky brslenové \kur{Yponomeuta cagnagella} (Lepidoptera)
PILÍKOVÁ, Aneta
This thesis focuses on the repetitive sequences located in the W chromosome of the spindle ermine moth (Yponomeuta cagnagella) (Lepidoptera). The copy number of the selected repeats was established in male and female genomes from two geographic populations using real-time PCR (qPCR). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to localize these sequences in female pachytene nuclei. The satellite tandem repeat and the transposon Maverick are present in the W chromosome in high copy numbers. In contrast to previously conducted bioinformatical analyses, the rDNA cluster is probably localized in an autosome in Y. cagnagella. The Maverick transposon was detected in both extensive terminal regions of the W chromosome.
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Reasons for the global decline of insect populations
Váňová, Barbora ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of global decline in insect populations. Insects are one of the most numerous and diversified groups of animals in the world. This community plays irreplaceable roles in nature, contributing to the proper functioning of the entire ecosystem. However, fairly compelling evidence has now begun to emerge of long-term insect declines around the world. These declines are caused by many causes and factors that contribute to varying degrees of decline in the abundance and diversity of insect populations, and are often interrelated. The aim of this thesis is therefore to provide an overview of this global problem, and in particular its main causes. The topic has been elaborated through the study of scientific literature and subsequent presentation of the impact of individual factors on specific insect species or groups. It was found that the main reasons for the decline of insect populations are the loss of natural habitats, pollution, the spread of invasive species and pathogens, climate crisis and light pollution. Keywords: insect decline, population, biodiversity, biomass, agriculture, land use, global change
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Red algae (Rhodophyta) in freshwater ecosystems
Štifterová, Anna ; Neustupa, Jiří (advisor) ; Škaloud, Pavel (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on an interesting group freshwater red algae (Rhodophyta). This group comprises organisms from quite distant evolutionary clades, nevertheless sharing similar ecological requirements. They mostly occur in unpolluted lotic ecosystems. In the theoretical part, I summarized publications dealing with the general and ecological aspects of distribution of these algae (mainly of the genus Batrachospermum). For example, the issue of seasonal populational dynamics, or their role in succession of benthic algal communities. The practical part includes floristic data on findings of various species of freshwater red algae, predominantly from the Czech Republic. Furhermore, it includes observation on seasonality of a single population of Batrachospermum gelatinosum.
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Demographic development of large Czech cities in terms of population
Jalovcová, Karolína ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
Demopraphic development of large czech cities in terms of population Abstract The aim of the presented thesis is to describe and evaluate the demographic development of selected Czech cities (Prague, Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň, Liberec, Olomouc). The thesis focuses on the period in years 1996-2012. In the theoretical part, the population development of the Czech Republic from the beginning of the 1990's and the changes in the demographic behaviour of residents are described, the impact of the demographic revolution on this evolution is clarified, the criteria for determining large cities in terms of population and their brief socioeconomic characteristics are explained. In the second part, the development of these cities, based on available data, is analysed by chosen demographic indicators and the differences in their development are compared. From the analysis, we can see, that all of the cities develop demographically in a similar way. Only Ostrava and partly Prague vary significantly by its development. Keywords: demographic development, large Czech cities, city development, population
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