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Separation of pollutants on photoreactors
Kurťák, Marek ; Šolcová, Olga (referee) ; Svěrák, Tomáš (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with photocatalytic degradation of organic polutants on water- suspended UV activated anatase particles. The measurements are executed on a pilot plant UV photoreactor and the aim the thesis is to figure out the time course of azo dyes degradation under different photoreactor settings and subsequently infer the effectivity of the photoreactor under different settings. The degree of the aze dyes degradation is evaluated via UV-VIS spectrometry.
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Production of Unmeasured Emissions by Combustion in House Boilers
Chlubna, Martin ; Lisá, Hana (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the production of non-monitored pollutants during combustion in domestic boilers. The theoretical part is made up of a research study dealing with pollutants and their legislation. In the experimental part combustion tests for coal and wood of different moisture are made. In conclusion, the measurement results are evaluated on the basis of chemical analysis.
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Enviromental Analysis of Slate Quarries in the Nízký Jeseník (The Czech Republic)
Rozkopalová, Pavla ; Skalický, Milan (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
This dissertation applies its mind to the evaluation of five selected localities caused by slate mining in the area of the Low Jeseník, namely at point-blank range the Kružberk water reservoir and is based on the lichenological research and on the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute data. Two lacalities, 1 and 2 are located in the west side of the dam, the locality 3 is in the east side and the localities 4 and 5 are located to the south from the dam.
From 2015 to 2016, during the ongoing research, there were determined 23 the most commonly ocuring tereristic lichen species. To the found vulnerable species belong, for example, Cladonia glauca or Cladonia ciliata. In the locality 3 the most occuring family Cladoniceae is mainly represented by Cladonia ciliata, Cladonia rangiferina and Cladonia arbuscula.
Based on the results it was discovered that lichen species coming from the Cladoniceae family are the most frequently spread on the upper part of the localities, on the top of the slate slag heaps; but the slopes are prefered by sessile species. The slope posts are too extreme because of their enormous inclination and exposition. The tree storey was determined too together with frequency of woody plants incidence on the grounds of localities shielding. Full-grown trees expanded from the surrounding forest were especially found at the slag heap bases. Larix decidua was mostly observed, Betula pendula colonized slopes. On the bases of The Czech Hydrometeorological Institute data was the Kružberk dam area assessed relatively clear because it is the area protected against pollution and and is considered to be a fresh water resource. Air pollution made by NO2, SO2 and MP10 showed good results with low improving level from 2014 to 2015.
There is made a suggestion to have the minimal management because there was not seen any negative human or animal influence to the lichen diversity and natural evolution of association has been going on. Large frequency of Cladoniceae was monitored in the locality 3 and so this locality is suggested for long-term monitoring of environment with chemical-physical methods and monitoring lichen diversity.
The author developed her photo suplement and used here her own illustrations to easy determine the most common species occuring on the stone quarry. This appendix can be found at the end of the dissertation.
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Inkjet prints ageing by ozone and light
Pasečná, Klára ; Jančovičová, Viera (referee) ; Veselý, Michal (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the effect of ozone on ink-jet prints. The knowledge about print technologies, materials for ink-jet printing, influence of environmental factors on the prints degradation and the methods of print lifetime estimation are discussed in the theoretical part of the thesis. Test-charts of 108 samples of C, M, Y primary colours and their overprints were prepared. I used two types of papers designed for ink-jet printing. These samples were exposed the effect of ozone in various concentrations to perform an accelerated aging experiment. Optical density values, La*b* coordinates, colour difference values were calculated from the measured spectral data. Changes of colours of the ink due to ozone exposure were determined and discussed. The validity of the reciprocal law due to ozone exposure was studied, too. The reciprocal behaviour was not confirmed for both types of the studied papers.
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Measurements results assessment and emission limits
Čech, Martin ; Jedlička, Filip (referee) ; Dvořák, Radek (advisor)
Main content of this task is summary and explanation of main methods,which can be used to evaluation the results from measuring of pollutants in combustion gases. The way which should be most acceptable for our datas will be consequently used in a simply example. There will be mentioned the importace of chosing the entering datas and their dependence on outer conditions. Another chapter will be devoted to emission standarts of main pollutants in Czech republic and in chosen world countries too. There will be mentioned the historical developement of these standarts and hypothesis to the future about this question too.
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Pollutants in laboratory waste waters
Červenka, Jiří ; Zmrzlý, Martin (referee) ; Sponar, Jan (advisor)
Mercury is a very consequential pollutant. It´s contained in all components of environment. Analysis of mercury is very demanding. Since mercury is ranked among dangerous chemicals, its quantity is limited and checked not only in environment. The aim of this thesis was to determine concentration of mercury in water from labs and in influent and effluent water from neutralization station of Brno university of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry. Water from neutralization is also mixed with sewage. Advanced mercury spectrometer AMA 254 was used or analysis. Results confirmed, that water flows out from lab to neutralization with relatively high concentration of mercury, highly exceeding limits of drainline. Water from neutralizing station also doesn´t show so high concentration of mercury, because it is mixed with waters from other labs and pH of water is amended. Special waste bottles for liquid waste with risk elements and dangerous compounds are available; from results can be decided, that not everybody follows the rules and some people might pour the waste right in to the sink. Resolution could have been safer acquisitions in labs. Students, who manipulate with dangerous chemicals should be alive to risk, which threatens with pouring into the sink, contamination and dangerous for all components of environment.
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Fastness of Photographs Exposed to Light and Pollutants
Pasečná, Klára ; Havlínová, Bohuslava (referee) ; Veselý, Michal (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with a study of general influences of light and pollutants (mainly ozone) on ink printing. The theoretical part describes the basic principles of printing means, printing materials and some ways of ink print degradation. The experimental part focused on measuring specific coulometric quantities of a test pattern, which was done in the chamber for ozone development and the accelerated weathering device using light and heat (xenotest). An important finding from this study is that the influence of ozone on tested pigment ink is much smaller than the one of UV radiation. The most susceptible to degradation by radiation and ozone was yellow ink.
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The hazards of soil pollutants and their effects on the human health
ŠVEHLOVÁ, Jana
Good soil condition belongs to the basic requirements of well-ballanced environment. That is why the soil has to correspond to hygienic requirements and be protected against substances harmful to human health, e.g. toxic materials, germs of transmissible illnesses and parasites. The most common cause of soil contamination is anthropogenic incidence. Contaminated soil belongs to waste and has to be removed in a proper way. is A special way of waste removal is soil decontamination. Its goal is to remove harmful substances and regain the original use of the soil.
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HYGIENIC QUALITY OF FISH FROM SIGNIFICANT FISHING WATERS BEROUNKA 1, LUŽNICE 6, OTAVA 4, OTAVA 7 (P)
BARTOŇ, Jiří
The main aim of this study was to evaluate hygienic quality of fish from significant fishing waters: Berounka 1, Lužnice 6, Otava 4, Otava 7 (P). Sampling was performed in 2010 by electrofishing and fishing rods. 173 individuals belonging to 13 different fish species were fished. The samples of fish muscle were analysed for the following substances: Hg, Pb, Cd, PCB, DDT and its metabolites (DDE and DDD), a-HCH, b-HCH, y-HCH, HCB. Samples of bream (Abramis brama) muscle were collected at all monitored sites (exception was Otava 7) and bream was used as reference species to compare the contamination among monitored rivers. The results were compared with valid hygienic limits. The values of contamination were in most cases very low and far below the limits. Only mercury was identified as a risk contaminant in all monitored rivers. Average concentrations of mercury in the muscle of bream were in the range of 0.261-0.284 mg/kg and were comparable in all rivers. The hygienic limit for mercury (0,5 mg/kg) was exceeded only in 4 cases - one individual sample of bream from Otava, two mixed samples of asp (Aspius aspius) from Berounka and Lužnice, one mixed sample of perch (Perca fluviatilis) drom Otava. The highest value of total mercury content (0.768 mg/kg) was found in asp from Lužnice 6. All concentrations of persistent organochlorinated pollutants in fish muscle were far below the valid hygienic limits. The only health risk was posed by increased content of mercury.
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