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Population policy in China
Čadyová, Barbora ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Population policy in China Abstract This thesis concerns the topic of population policy in China, focusing on the one-child policy. It describes the development of these policies and then deals with the research questions themselves. First of all the thesis describes the process of the fertility decrease in China in connection with the population policy since the 50s of the 20th century. This part of the thesis results in the findings that the largest fertility decrease occurred in the 70s of the 20th century as a consequence of the population policy measures. It was even before the implementation of the one-child policy in 1979, even though this also had a significant impact on the fertility. The one-child policy, amongst low fertility, has also brought some negative effects including accelerated demographic aging, increased sex ratio at birth, the phenomenon of "little emperors", more difficult situation for parents who lost their only child, etc. The thesis also compares the population policy of China and other Asian countries with similar trends in fertility. This part of the thesis results in the finding that similar fertility limitation can be handled by a milder way than it was in the case of China. Keywords: China, population policy, fertility, one-child policy
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Evaluation of China's population policy
Jodlová, Adéla ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Evaluation of China's population policy Abstract This thesis discusses China's population policy and its aim is to evaluate various programs and analyze their effectiveness. The methodological part describes the base of data and indicators by which the influence of population policy can be measured. The literary review is followed by an analytical part that deals with the development of fertility in the context of population policies, postponing marriage and changing reproductive plans, which are crucial for future policy development. The effectiveness of these programs in China is assessed by comparing the effectiveness of policies in Vietnam and Japan, as well as using selected indicators. An integral part of the thesis is an analysis of the consequences of policies and an outline of possible future development. Based on the results of the analysis, China's population policy has been effective as it has achieved its goal of reducing fertility. On the other hand, the one-child policy has caused many negative consequences, which the new universal two-child policy introduced in 2016 aims to reduce. Key words: population policy, one-child policy, universal two-child policy, reproduction plans, effectiveness of programs, negative consequences
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Population Ageing in China
Pawliková, Barbora ; Stuchlíková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Bejkovský, Jan (referee)
The fear of uncontrollable population growth in the second half of the 20th century made the Chinese government introduce a birth control policy. The sharp decline of the fertility rate below the replacement rate and the extension of life expectancy translate now to unusually fast population ageing. The purpose of this thesis is to explain the causes that lead to ageing of the current Chinese population and its impacts on the economy and to demonstrate possible practises that could be used to cope with the consequences of the population ageing in the People´s Republic of China. The first chapter concerns itself with the demography of population in general, characterizes indicators that are used to describe population development and subsequently defines population policy and describes its different types. Part of the chapter is dedicated to the population policy in China in the second half of the 20th century. The second chapter describes the current state of Chinese population and explains the problems that result from population ageing (e.g. labour force decline and wage increase that relates to it, disappearing demographic dividend or lack of social services facilities). The third chapter focuses on the practises which the Chinese government uses to react to population ageing. The newly established two-child policy and the effects which it could bring in relation to ageing are emphasized. The chapter also includes recommendations as to on which actions should the government focus so that the ageing does not pose a threat to the country and its development.
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Population policy in China
Čadyová, Barbora ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Population policy in China Abstract This thesis concerns the topic of population policy in China, focusing on the one-child policy. It describes the development of these policies and then deals with the research questions themselves. First of all the thesis describes the process of the fertility decrease in China in connection with the population policy since the 50s of the 20th century. This part of the thesis results in the findings that the largest fertility decrease occurred in the 70s of the 20th century as a consequence of the population policy measures. It was even before the implementation of the one-child policy in 1979, even though this also had a significant impact on the fertility. The one-child policy, amongst low fertility, has also brought some negative effects including accelerated demographic aging, increased sex ratio at birth, the phenomenon of "little emperors", more difficult situation for parents who lost their only child, etc. The thesis also compares the population policy of China and other Asian countries with similar trends in fertility. This part of the thesis results in the finding that similar fertility limitation can be handled by a milder way than it was in the case of China. Keywords: China, population policy, fertility, one-child policy
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Masculinity Crisis - A Case Study of the People's Republic of China
Walderová, Hana ; Vykoukal, Jiří (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Masculinity Crisis - A Case Study of the People's Republic of China" deals with the masculinity crisis in the reform period of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The thesis aims to conclude whether the model of masculinity crisis, as drawn by the author of the thesis on the experience of the OECD countries, is also applicable to the male society in the reform PRC. The thesis focuses on masculinity crisis among men who are since the Mao Zedong presidency and throughout the reform period employed within the secondary sector of Chinese economy. Deindustrialisation and servitisation in OECD countries let to a significant increase of female employment which changed the traditional gender roles. Men's leading position in both family and society, as stemming from the position of family's primary breadwinner, was marginalized. Men experienced loss of both economic and psychological securities. These losses are believed to have resulted in a "crisis of masculinity". In China, however, the macroeconomic reforms often helped to restore the position of the primary breadwinner, lost due to the Mao's employment policies in 1950s. The thesis concludes the experience in OECD states contrary, the masculinity crisis in the reform PRC shall not be treated as an issue solely linked to the...
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Stává se čínská politika jednoho dítěte zbytečnou?
Cestr, Ondřej ; Vozárová, Pavla (advisor) ; Špecián, Petr (referee)
Contemporary China is facing the threat of rapidly aging population. Increasing portion of the economically inactive part of the population is already putting a significant strain on the Chinese pension system. Health care and social security system are still underdeveloped and also unprepared for this trend. As an attempt to reduce this issue by revitalizing the low birth rate, Chinese one-child policy underwent a significant relaxation in 2007. The expected acceleration of the birth rate however did not occur. Using the panel data from 31 regions of China between the period 2001 and 2013, I have analyzed this issue. My thesis provides the evidence, that one-child policy is not the exclusive culprit behind the continued trend of below-replacement fertility levels. Socioeconomic environment in China underwent a rapid transformation during the past 37 years. One of the socioeconomic factors newly affecting the Chinese birth rate level is the wealth. This is manifested by the inverse relationship between the wealth and fertility and it is known as the demographic-economic paradox. This thesis proves the presence of this phenomenon across the regions of China. It also demonstrates that it could have at least partly counterweighted the effect, which one-child policy easing had on birth rate in 2007. Since the one-child policy has lost significant part of its normative power to other factors affecting the birth rate, I am arguing it is the sign, that one-child policy is slowly becoming redundant on its own.
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The Implications of Family Planning Policies on the Growth of Chinese Economy
Skořepová, Kateřina ; Stuchlíková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hnát, Pavel (referee)
Apart from rapid economic growth, China has also experienced significant demographic changes over the past few decades. The People's Republic of China's family planning policies led to a sharp drop in the fertility rate. This MS Thesis aims to assess the possible consequences of the family planning policies on future growth of Chinese economy. The theoretical part defines population policy, assess the connections between population growth and economic growth and deals with the development of population theory over the years. The analytical part describes the family planning policy in China, its principles and instruments. Next it identifies the possible consequences of the demographic changes caused by the drop in fertility rate. The last part of the thesis focuses on two economically most severe consequences - population ageing and shrinking working age population - and evaluates its implications on future growth of Chinese economy.
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One Child Policy and Its Impacton China's Population
Puschová, Monika ; Pavlík, Petr (advisor) ; Erbenová, Monika (referee)
The objective of this bachelor's thesis is the overall characteristic of the one-child policy in China. The first part of my work focuses on the creation of policy, its development and current form. This part describes the likely development of family planning policy in China in the future. The next part of the thesis concentrates on the organisation of the one child policy. The main point of this thesis is to describe the impact that the one child policy had on the development of China's population.
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