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Telemetric monitoring of the feral pigeon ( Columba livia f. domestica) population at the Karlovo namesti square in Prague
Kanov, Štěpán ; Řezníček, Jan (advisor) ; Novák, Jindřich (referee)
"A Telemetric monitoring of the feral pigeon ( Columba livia f. domestica) population at the Karlovo náměstí square in Prague" This thesis deals with both the monitoring of numbers in the pigeon (Columba livia f. domestica, "the Pigeon") sites in question and also the spatial definition of the daily activities of individual specimens using a telemetric system. Previous researches gathered data on population density and food routes usually obtained by observation. Therefore we believe it's important to supplement this data with spatial movement maps of individuals that cannot be obtained by observation but the telemetry system allows us to do so in certain time period. The data obtained from GPS trackers will be processed into daily spatial activity maps of the specimen. These data will hopefully help us to gain insight into the life of not just specific individuals, but will also allow us to derive spatial activity of the entire population living in the locality in question. The results will be compared with the results from the previous pigeon count. This knowledge can be useful to population control, or serve in other studies. Keywords: pigeon, abundance, telemetry
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Posouzení vlivu mufloní zvěře na odrůstání kultur a nárostů na pozemcích obhospodařovaných Lesním družstvem obcí Ledeč nad Sázavou
Zmeková, Nikol
This thesis negotiates with assessment of moufflon fluence on growing of cultures and natural young growths of the lands in holding of the Forest cooperative Ledec nad Sazavou. The secondary aim was determination of optimal quantity of animals in monitored areas, based on founded facts, and to compile proposal of provision which would lead to damage reduction. As method for finding actual number of moufflon population, there were used direct and indirect countings of animal population. Assessment of moufflon fluence on growing of cultures was based on terrain examination, following by of damage. Evaluation of growths was done on experimental lands. In this thesis, there are also information about damages caused by moufflons on forest growths and their elimination options.
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Zhodnocení výskytu škůdců jabloně v okolí Nosislavi
Fröhlich, Pavel
Significant pests of apple trees were observed in orchard near Nosislav in 2016. Pheromone traps were used for the observation of Cydia pomonella and white sticky traps were used for the monitoring of Hoplocampa testudinea. The others pests were monitored by the visual inspection. The abundance of Cydia pomonella was higher this year than in 2015 and it was high to mass degree. First adults were discovered 5th May and the last 16th September. The abundance was find out with two maximum at 16th - 30th May and 11th - 19th July. The abundance of Eriosoma lanigerum and Diaspidiotus perniciosus was high to mass degree. The occurrence of Aphis pomi and Dysaphis plantaginea was medium degree and for Hoplocampa testudinea it was low degree.
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Druhová diverzita, početnost a význam pavouků (Arachnida, Araneae) na listnatých dřevinách v arboretu Mendelovy univerzity v Brně
Bernatová, Martina
The aim of my work was to find out the species diversity and the number of spiders in the arboretum of Mendel University in Brno and also to deduce their significance and last but not least to assess the importance of arboretums, parks and other urban greenery as areas of biological diversity in urban areas. Within the research fifteen deciduous trees were selected, located in different parts of the arboretum. The spiders were collect by using two capture methods, a shaking off method and a selection of cardboard belts method. Shaking off took place within the research four times, namely 11.5.2017, 14.6.2017, 1.8.2017 and 18.9.2017. A selection of cardboard belts took place twice, 28.6.2017 and 19.10.2017. In both methods, a total of 303 adult specimens of spiders belonging to 45 species, 36 genera and 14 families were obtained and determined. The most frequently represented was the species of Philodromus cespitum, which accounted for more than a third of the captured material (over 33%). This species belongs to species capable of living even in disturbed biotopes of urbanized areas, so its considerable representation is expectable. Within the research, however, several threatened species were acquired, species that occur only in a natural, undisturbed environment. From this fact, it can be concluded that the environment of the arboretum is at least partially a natural environment for the occurrence of different species, from which it can be deduced that arboretums, parks and similar greenery in cities are indeed a place of biodiversity. This conclusion is important also for arboristic practices, as well as the fact that spiders are important invertebrate predators and can therefore be used for biological protection in cities (where it is inappropriate to use chemical preparations for plant protection) and also outside them. Endangered and rare species that have been identified in the arboretum within the research can also be used to bioindicate the quality of the environment in the arboretum and similarly spiders can be used for the bioindication in urban parks and other urban greenery as well as in open landscapes.
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Škodlivost obalečů na ovocných dřevinách ve vybraných sadech na jižní Moravě
Fröhlich, Pavel
During the 2018 season, five species of leaf rollers, which are harmful to fruit trees, were monitored (Cydia pomonella, C. funebrana, C. molesta, Enarmonia formosana and Pandemis heparana). The monitoring was carried out using pheromone traps in fruit orchards in south Moravia (Lednice, Starý Lískovec, Nosislav and Velké Bílovice) with varying wood preservation intensity. C. molesta reached the highest abundance, on average 241 individuals were caught in one pheromone trap, it was observed at all three study plots, in Lednice these species reached the highest abundance with 235 individuals. First imago was caught on the 27th of April, last imago on the 16th of September. One non-target species (Epiblema scutulana) was detected in this pheromone. C. funebrana was the second most abundant species, which was detected at both study plots,on average 148 individuals of C. funebrana were detected in one trap, the highest abundance was found in Lednice (224). First imago was detected on the 7th of May, last imago on the 26th of August. Five non-target species were caught in this pheromone, Gypsonoma sociana, G. nitidulana, G. aceriana, Eucosma fervidana and E. lacteana. Enarmonia formosana reached high abundance, caught at both study plots, 140 individuals were caught on average in one pheromone trap, the highest abundance was in Starý Lískovec with 199 of pieces. Cnephasia stephensiana, in particular, was caught as nontarget species, rarely Eucosma cumulana. Cydia pomonella was found at all three study areas, on average there were 84 individuals in the trap, 150 individuals in Starý Lískovec. First imago was caught on the 26th of April. There were no non-target moth species found in this pheromone trap. Pandemis heparana was registered at two study plots, 15 individuals were caught on average in one trap, the highest abundance was in Starý Lískovec with 19 individuals. P. heparana was not detected in Nosislav. First imago was caught on the 13th of May and the last on the 16th of September. Non-target species Noctua fimbriata and N. interjecta were caught in this pheromone.
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Reasons and consequences of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) invasion into the inland waters of Europe and North America
Starý, Vojtěch ; Čech, Martin (advisor) ; Vukićová, Jasna (referee)
Since the end of 1980s there is an ongoing massive invasion of fish from the family Gobiidae. The most widespread and aggressive of these fish is round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). Its natural habitat is area around Black and Caspian Seas, but nowadays it is already common in most of the European rivers, Baltic Sea and in the system of the North American Great Lakes. The main reason of the spreading is transport of ballast water from its natural habitat. The success of its invasion is due to the high tolerance to various factors like temperature, salinity, amount of oxygen in water, food sources and bottom substrates. Presence of the round goby in newly invaded rivers is beneficial for fish-eating predators. On the other hand competitors are highly disadvantaged as they lose in the fight with round goby over food, shelters and places for spawning and therefore, they are forced to live in less suitable habitats which leads to the decrease of their abundance. In recently colonized areas the round goby has much higher abundance than in its original habitats. The highest abundance is in the North America, where the round goby is causing the most noticeable change in the ecosystem. For this reason it is extensively studied mainly in the North America. Keywords: Gobiidae, Neogobius melanostomus,...
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Determinants of abundances in terrestrial vertebrates
Kundelová, Tereza ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
The abundance of animals differs between species, however, they also vary in area and time. These differences relate to biotic and abiotic factors as well as to ecological characteristics of particular species. Studies focusing on these factors are aiming to answer the question; how and what influences the abundance of these species. Besides clarifying the dependence of abundance on particular factors, studies also try to ascertain which key factors are necessary for the determination of abundance. The most frequently studied factor is body size, but trophic level, specialization, net primary productivity, and competition also play a significant role in determination. However, all these factors explain only a small proportion of interspecific variability in abundances. This thesis focuses on terrestrial vertebrates; however, mainly on birds and mammals; since, these two taxa are the most studied. Key words: abundance, population density, terrestrial vertebrates, body size, competition, energy flux
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Population trends of African mammals
Homová, Viktória ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Hulva, Pavel (referee)
The African continent is known for its rich species diversity (biodiversity). We can read about the decline in African mammal populations in various sources. The main reasons of decline include loss of habitats and animal hunting. In spite of the general idea of decline mammals, in some cases the population trend is stable or growing. The aim of my thesis is to explore and summarize what is really known about the changes in the populations of all known mammalian species over the past decades. The attention of public is mainly oriented towards large flagship species, which are very well studied and various measures are put in place to protect them, especially in protected areas. The most marked decline in the number of individuals occurs in the western part of Africa, which is probably caused by a combination of lack of financial and human resources in animal protection, a large range of biotope damage and growing bushmeat trade. Species with increasing population trends are predominantly in South Africa, where there is an improvement in the management and the protection of wildlife receives more attention. Considering small mammals, there is, in most cases, no relevant data available to help determine their population trend. The population trends of species residing in the tropical rainforests are...
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Ecological traits as a correlates of spatial variation in abundances of a Czech birds
Farkač, Jan ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Reif, Jiří (referee)
Jan Farkač, Diplomová práce 2018 Abstract Bird species differ in their local densities, which seems to be related to their geographical distribution and species-specific traits. Investigating such a relationship can help us to understand better how the birds inhabit the space. The aims are as follow (i) to take an alternative approach to densities by counting them just in species preferred habitats and (ii) to explain the abundance characteristics such as an absolute density, variation in local densities or occupancy by species-specific traits. The relationship between abundance characteristics (local densities and their coefficient of variation in space) and avian traits such as a habitat specialisation, diet specialisation, PCA of morphological traits, PCA of reproduction traits - as an estimate of slow-fast continuum and a range size were tested using GLM. There are two abundance characteristics significantly related to species specialisation index. I have used the data from the Common Bird Monitoring Program run in the Czech Republic by the Czech Society of Ornithology. Due to the highest amount of records I have selected data from the year 2009 and subsequently species occupying more than 50 transects (out of 129), which resulted in inclusion of 47 species into analyses. This thesis contains...
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Dominance of different groups of animals in terrestrial ecosystems
Matysová, Barbora ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Tropek, Robert (referee)
There are some beliefs about the abundance and biomass of different animal groups, which persist in general awareness. At the same time, the ideas of the general public relate to the influence and importance of the animals for an ecosystem. The aim of this paper is to make sure that these assumed concepts of dominating entities are based on truth or if they are only mistaken rumors, and to answer the following questions: whether the biomass of large herbivores or termites is significant in the tropics, what is their influence on decomposition of vegetation matter; if the biomass of all ants actually exceeds the biomass of all people in the world; whether the abundance of prey and predators is stable across ecosystems; if there are more herbivores in tropical or cold ecosystems; or when predominant abundance of ants or termites is present in tropical ecosystems. Responses are gained through the extensive collection of abundance and animal biomass data from expert articles and publications. In order to be verifiable as well as the stability of the given ratios over the years,there were used data from the oldest traceable materials about 80 years old to the current data from current works. In addition to biomass and abundance values, attention is also paid to the methods used by scientists to collate...
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