|
|
Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for food industry wastewater treatment.
Polášek, Daniel ; Bodík,, Igor (referee) ; Rusník,, Igor (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The most significant environmental problems related to the food industry is water consumption and pollution, energy consumption and waste production. Most of the water that does not become a part of the products ultimately leaves plants in the form of wastewater, which is often very specific and requires adequate handling / treatment / disposal. For the purpose of this thesis, brewery industry was chosen, because of its very long tradition in the Czech history and culture. Anaerobic technologies are applied for still wider range of industrial wastewater treating. In general anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) can very effectively treat wastewater of different concentration and composition and produce treated water (outlet, permeate) of excellent quality, that can be further utilised. At the same time, it can promote energy self-sufficiency through biogas production usable in WWTPs / plants. Main disadvantages include unavoidable membrane fouling and generally higher CAPEX / OPEX. Within the framework of Ph.D. studies and related research activities, immersed membrane modules for anaerobic applications were selected and lab-scale tested (designed and assembled laboratory unit), an AnMBR pilot plant was designed, built and subsequently tested under real conditions - at Černá Hora Brewery WWTP (waste waters from the brewery and associated facilities). The pilot AnMBR and the technology itself has been verified over more than a year (5/2015 – 11/2016) of trial operation - the initial and recommended operational parameters have been set up, minor construction adjustments / modifications and measurement & regulation optimizations have been made, the recommended membrane cleaning and regeneration procedure has been verified. Last, but not least, conclusions and recommendations of the trial operation were summarised - some key findings and recommendations for further operation, use and modifications of the existing AnMBR pilot plant are presented.
|
|
|
Dissolved Air Flotation – From Pilot Plant to Full Scale Implementation
Dobiáš, Pavel ; Hlaváč, Jaroslav (referee) ; Janda,, Václav (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Dolejš, Petr (advisor)
The thesis deals with the use of dissolved air flotation (DAF) in water treatment technology in the Czech Republic. It summarizes the knowledge gained at pilot plant studies as well as the experience with full-scale flotation units which have been built in potable water treatment plants in the Czech Republic in years 2006-2018. This thesis provides a broad background of experimental studies of a modern separation process, which does have great advantages in the removal of natural organic matter and microorganisms from water in the drinking water treatment industry. In this thesis, there are presented some examples of the excellent efficiency of the microorganisms removal, both under the experimental conditions as well as water treatment plants, which were improved by DAF units installation in full scale. In addition to the high separation efficiency, it is shown, how DAF units could influence the subsequent separation steps as for example filtration through the granular media. The negative influence of the pre-ozonization on the DAF separation efficiency in Hradec Králové WTP is demonstrated too. The results of the pilot experiments support the idea, that the key condition for high removal efficiency is the optimal coagulation process chemistry. Design of pilot experiments was based on the factorial planning theory and some results are discussed in this thesis. The very big portion of the pilot experiments was made for estimating of the full-scale DAF design parameters before the water treatment plants reconstruction phase
|
|
|
Equipment for Disposal of Waste Gases of Catalytic Oxidation
Brummer, Vladimír ; Martinec, Jan (referee) ; Leštinský, Pavel (referee) ; Bébar, Ladislav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the design of the equipment and documentation for the design of equipment for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and carbon monoxide (CO) by catalytic oxidation and the selection of appropriate technological conditions for this technology. Introduction is devoted to familiarization with the field of the catalytic oxidation, used catalysts, catalyst supports and their active components. Advantages and disadvantages of the use of catalytic oxidation versus thermal incineration are outlined and currently applicable legislative terms for VOC and CO emissions are listed. In the next part of the thesis the fundamental mathematical tools and research findings available for catalytic reactor model designed primarily for monolithic catalysts are summarized. Presented kinetic model considers continuous reactor with plug flow of gas and adiabatic heating by oxidation reactions corrected for the heat loss of the reactor. The next chapter discusses the design of the new prototype of the catalytic oxidation pilot plant (i.e. the reactor incl. peripherals) primarily intended for monolithic catalysts and bulk catalysts in the form of the fixed bed. The basis for the design and sizing are material and energy balances in the ChemCAD for different intended use of the unit, from which boundary conditions of the unit operating parameters arises. Pilot plant has been designed and built, functionality tests was scheduled also with consecutive obtaining of experimental data not only for the reactor kinetic model. Results of the model for the catalytic combustion were in good agreement with measured data. The next part includes two industrial case studies of the catalytic oxidation process usage for the chemical industry. In particular it was dealt with a replacement of the non-catalytic combustion for the catalytic for VOC abatement from chemical production plants off-gas streams of the company Momentive Specialty Chemicals in Sokolov and German city Leuna. These case studies have brought many valuable experimental and technological knowledge from long-term pilot tests and also verification of design concept, thanks to which it was later possible to design a pilot unit for removal of pollutants in premises of NETME Centre and among other to economically evaluate the usage of catalytic oxidation for the off gas cleaning, in comparison with traditional combustion, in two completely different individual cases. This information was valuable and necessary for the verification of theoretical assumptions of the thesis on specific conditions of two different industrial productions. Based on acquired practical experience and theoretical background, guidelines for designing of devices for VOC and CO removal in the industry were developed.
|
|
|
Development of a Pilot Plant for Reduction Hg Emission from Large Power Plant.
Pilař, L. ; Vlček, Z. ; Zseliga, Z. ; Veselý, Václav
The contribution introduces the project TACR TA04020723, Development of a pilot plant for monitoring of Hg emissions reduction from large and medium capacity energy sources. The project responds to the new EU BAT legislative, where both emission limits for Hg concentration in flue gas and continual Hg concentration measurement requirements are stated. The objective of the contribution is an introduction of the project and the results gained in 2014. Analyses of certain lignite and coal samples were done to specify the Hg amount and balance of other compounds concentration was calculated with regard to the specifics of combustion process of a particular power source. At the end of 2014, a measurement was carried out at the large power plant. Hg concentrations were measured in the combustion products and were compared with balance calculation.
Plný tet:  PDF
|
|
|
Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for food industry wastewater treatment.
Polášek, Daniel ; Bodík,, Igor (referee) ; Rusník,, Igor (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The most significant environmental problems related to the food industry is water consumption and pollution, energy consumption and waste production. Most of the water that does not become a part of the products ultimately leaves plants in the form of wastewater, which is often very specific and requires adequate handling / treatment / disposal. For the purpose of this thesis, brewery industry was chosen, because of its very long tradition in the Czech history and culture. Anaerobic technologies are applied for still wider range of industrial wastewater treating. In general anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) can very effectively treat wastewater of different concentration and composition and produce treated water (outlet, permeate) of excellent quality, that can be further utilised. At the same time, it can promote energy self-sufficiency through biogas production usable in WWTPs / plants. Main disadvantages include unavoidable membrane fouling and generally higher CAPEX / OPEX. Within the framework of Ph.D. studies and related research activities, immersed membrane modules for anaerobic applications were selected and lab-scale tested (designed and assembled laboratory unit), an AnMBR pilot plant was designed, built and subsequently tested under real conditions - at Černá Hora Brewery WWTP (waste waters from the brewery and associated facilities). The pilot AnMBR and the technology itself has been verified over more than a year (5/2015 – 11/2016) of trial operation - the initial and recommended operational parameters have been set up, minor construction adjustments / modifications and measurement & regulation optimizations have been made, the recommended membrane cleaning and regeneration procedure has been verified. Last, but not least, conclusions and recommendations of the trial operation were summarised - some key findings and recommendations for further operation, use and modifications of the existing AnMBR pilot plant are presented.
|
|
|
Dissolved Air Flotation – From Pilot Plant to Full Scale Implementation
Dobiáš, Pavel ; Hlaváč, Jaroslav (referee) ; Janda,, Václav (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Dolejš, Petr (advisor)
The thesis deals with the use of dissolved air flotation (DAF) in water treatment technology in the Czech Republic. It summarizes the knowledge gained at pilot plant studies as well as the experience with full-scale flotation units which have been built in potable water treatment plants in the Czech Republic in years 2006-2018. This thesis provides a broad background of experimental studies of a modern separation process, which does have great advantages in the removal of natural organic matter and microorganisms from water in the drinking water treatment industry. In this thesis, there are presented some examples of the excellent efficiency of the microorganisms removal, both under the experimental conditions as well as water treatment plants, which were improved by DAF units installation in full scale. In addition to the high separation efficiency, it is shown, how DAF units could influence the subsequent separation steps as for example filtration through the granular media. The negative influence of the pre-ozonization on the DAF separation efficiency in Hradec Králové WTP is demonstrated too. The results of the pilot experiments support the idea, that the key condition for high removal efficiency is the optimal coagulation process chemistry. Design of pilot experiments was based on the factorial planning theory and some results are discussed in this thesis. The very big portion of the pilot experiments was made for estimating of the full-scale DAF design parameters before the water treatment plants reconstruction phase
|
|
|
Equipment for Disposal of Waste Gases of Catalytic Oxidation
Brummer, Vladimír ; Martinec, Jan (referee) ; Leštinský, Pavel (referee) ; Bébar, Ladislav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the design of the equipment and documentation for the design of equipment for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and carbon monoxide (CO) by catalytic oxidation and the selection of appropriate technological conditions for this technology. Introduction is devoted to familiarization with the field of the catalytic oxidation, used catalysts, catalyst supports and their active components. Advantages and disadvantages of the use of catalytic oxidation versus thermal incineration are outlined and currently applicable legislative terms for VOC and CO emissions are listed. In the next part of the thesis the fundamental mathematical tools and research findings available for catalytic reactor model designed primarily for monolithic catalysts are summarized. Presented kinetic model considers continuous reactor with plug flow of gas and adiabatic heating by oxidation reactions corrected for the heat loss of the reactor. The next chapter discusses the design of the new prototype of the catalytic oxidation pilot plant (i.e. the reactor incl. peripherals) primarily intended for monolithic catalysts and bulk catalysts in the form of the fixed bed. The basis for the design and sizing are material and energy balances in the ChemCAD for different intended use of the unit, from which boundary conditions of the unit operating parameters arises. Pilot plant has been designed and built, functionality tests was scheduled also with consecutive obtaining of experimental data not only for the reactor kinetic model. Results of the model for the catalytic combustion were in good agreement with measured data. The next part includes two industrial case studies of the catalytic oxidation process usage for the chemical industry. In particular it was dealt with a replacement of the non-catalytic combustion for the catalytic for VOC abatement from chemical production plants off-gas streams of the company Momentive Specialty Chemicals in Sokolov and German city Leuna. These case studies have brought many valuable experimental and technological knowledge from long-term pilot tests and also verification of design concept, thanks to which it was later possible to design a pilot unit for removal of pollutants in premises of NETME Centre and among other to economically evaluate the usage of catalytic oxidation for the off gas cleaning, in comparison with traditional combustion, in two completely different individual cases. This information was valuable and necessary for the verification of theoretical assumptions of the thesis on specific conditions of two different industrial productions. Based on acquired practical experience and theoretical background, guidelines for designing of devices for VOC and CO removal in the industry were developed.
|
|
|
Development of a Pilot Plant for Reduction Hg Emission from Large Power Plant.
Pilař, L. ; Vlček, Z. ; Zseliga, Z. ; Veselý, Václav ; Zbieg, R. ; Fiser, A.
This paper deals with the implementation process of the project of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic (TAČR) ALFA TA04020723. Development of a pilot plant for monitoring of Hg emissions reduction from large and medium capacity energy sources. The project currently responds to the emerging EU BAT legislation, which sets emission limits for Hg concentration in flue gas. The subject of the paper is presentation of the project's results for 2015. The scope of project activities in 2015 included measurements in energydfacilities while defining the balance of Hg concent rations in the combustion products. The project's main objective in 2015 was to build and commission the pilot plant for the oxidation of the free form of Hg0 into the oxidized form of Hg2+.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22017010510050 - PDF
|
|
|
Black and White Oils Partial Oxidation on Pilot Plant Unit
Hanika, Jiří ; Lederer, J. ; Nečesaný, F. ; Nečesaný, F., jr. ; Poslední, W. ; Tukač, V. ; Veselý, Václav
Based on pilot plant experiments the paper describes basic parameters influence on selectivity of partial oxidation process. The gaseous product composition was very similar to Unipetrol RPA plant process parameters operating by Shell technology. During pilot plant tests also soot was present in the raw gas. The soot amount was slightly higher because the pilot plant reactor operated at temperature below 1200 °C, see4. Investigation of physicochemical properties samples of soot is under way now and results will be presented in another our paper. At present another effort is focused to numerical POX process model formulation. Comparison of experimental data and simulation results will be reported later.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22014092610170 - PDF
|
|
|
Partial Oxidation of High-Boiling Hydrocarbon Mixtures on the Pilot Unit
Hanika, Jiří ; Lederer, J. ; Nečesaný, F. ; Nečesaný, F., jr. ; Poslední, W. ; Tukač, V. ; Veselý, Václav
The research on partial oxidation (POX) of high-boiling hydrocarbons with oxygen in the presence of water vapor was motivated to ensure increased demand on hydrogen, which is essential for a deeper hydrorefining of petroleum oils to ensure better quality of motor fuels. Experiments on improved pilot apparatus installed in Litvínov, UNIPETROL, a.s. have been implemented in cooperation the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, a.s., Ústí n. l., Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals AS CR, v. v. i., and Institute of Chemical Technology Prague. In the course of tests have been demonstrated good performance of the pilot plant unit and reproducibility of the experiment as well. A significant impact water vapor on the selectivity of the partial oxidation of high-boiling hydrocarbons with regard to the composition of the exhaust gas was detected in the study. Furthermore, it was stated that hydrogen content of the reaction product being during the partial oxidation of mixture of visbreaking distillate and residue, diluted with pyrolysis fuel oil reached 50 percent. Content of components in a gaseous product was in very good conformity with a synthesis gas composition produced by the plant unit of the UNIPETROL RPA Co., designed and build according to the license of the Shell Co.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22013102415180 - PDF
|
guest ::
