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The Evolution of Civilian Protection in UN Peace Missions
Šillerová, Anna ; Pulgret, Miroslav (advisor) ; Makariusová, Radana (referee)
Diploma thesis examines the evolution of the protection of civilians in UN peacekeeping operations. To approach the topic comprehensively, the theoretical part covers the history of the protection of civilians and its normative framework, as well as the conceptualization of UN peacekeeping operations. The main objective of the thesis is to analyze the changes in the approach to the protection of civilians across three generations of UN peacekeeping operations and to identify the key moments of this evolution. It also traces the role of failures in UN peacekeeping operations, the reasons for these failures, and their impact on the mandates of subsequent missions. Mapping the evolution of the protection of civilians relies on the analysis of resolutions and other UN documents, as well as three case studies of key peacekeeping operations: ONUC in Congo, UPROFOR in Bosnia- Herzegovina, and UNAMID in Darfur, Sudan. Missions with a mandate to protect civilians, as a new phenomenon of third-generation peace operations, are also analyzed. Prevailing trends and possible limitations of these mandates are also discussed.
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The environmental aspect of peacekeeping missions
Carlesi, Camilla ; Casaglia, Anna (advisor) ; Kilroy, Walt (referee)
Peacekeeping missions account for more than half of UN emissions and are among the top polluters on Earth. Thus, taking into consideration the environmental aspect of these operations is relevant to address local grievances and mitigate the impact of troops themselves. Responding to local environmental problems and targeting the behavior of peacekeepers is ultimately relevant to enhance the successfulness of the mission, preserve UN credibility and foster global environmental protection. After a careful review of the literature background connected to this field, this research outlines UN green efforts in general and later focuses on MONUSCO and UNMISS, as significant examples of ongoing operations which contribute to a large portion of UN emissions. Overall, this dissertation questions the existence of environmental plans in these two cases, their connection to the academic field and their possible improvements. To conduct this exploration, UN green plans in MONUSCO and UNMISS are analyzed in their pre, intra and post-deployment efforts with the aim of highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. In addition, the findings are assessed against the main scholarly arguments and used to advance recommendations and challenges. The results coming from this work shed light on the current gaps in the...
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Innovative Peacekeeping: The Potential of Digital Technologies in CSDP Operations
Lazar, Alexandru ; Butler, Eamonn (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee) ; Dowd, Caitriona (referee)
In the past two decades, digital technologies have changed how international organisations respond to conflicts. With contemporary armed struggles gaining new dimensions and becoming more complex, a challenge remains to comprehend the potential of both militarised and unconventional digital capabilities, and to determine which of them are the best devices and systems for peacekeeping operations. Nevertheless, the potential of such innovative digital technologies in EU's CSDP operations remains unclear. Along those lines, this study aims to firstly assess the practicality and functionality of these innovative capabilities, in terms of their impact on the actors, intelligence gathering and analysis process, and the opportunity for advocacy that such technologies offer to local communities. Secondly, it identifies and deconstructs the narratives and initiatives dealing with digital technologies in EU external action, in order to understand the growing emphasis placed on these tools and the direction in which the Union is going with regard to these innovative capabilities. Thirdly, in its quest to answer the research question, this study examines the potential benefits and shortcomings posed by both existing and more novel digital capabilities to CSDP operations. This dissertation proposes and defines...
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Evaluating (lack of) success of peacekeeping operations in Sierra Leone, Mozambique and Rwanda
Novosad, Jan ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
Peacekeeping operations have since their inception become a widely-used tool used to address the acute crises emerging in international relations. For a long time, their success or failure were not object of scientific scrutiny. This has changed in recent years. This thesis describes evaluation frameworks developed by three authors and then applies them to three cases of peacekeeping operations (Sierra Leone, Mozambique and Rwanda) and it tries to assess the extent to which the assumption about the too optimistic evaluation criteria proposed by Virginia Page Fortna and too pessimistic evaluation criteria suggested by Diehl and Druckman are substantiated by empirical reality of peacekeeping operations. These approaches are supplemented by the evaluation criteria proposed by Daryia Pushkina which serve as an evaluation mainstream.
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Implementation of the mandate of the UNPROFOR mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992-1995
Lalić, Jan ; Tejchman, Miroslav (advisor) ; Pikal, Kamil (referee)
The unwillingness of the international community to become involved militarily in Bosnian civil war between 1992-1995, made the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) a substitute for a decisive action. The absence of any foreseeable prospect of truce, which would have been supported by the presence of peacekeepers, led to the establishment of strictly humanitarian mandate for UN troops in the first phase of the war. They were supposed, in cooperation with the United Nations High Commisioner for Refugees (UNHCR), to secure functioning of the Sarajevo airport for humanitarian relief purposes and subsequently provide security for the UNHCR and its convoys providing humanitarian relief. Thesis "Implementation of the mandate of the UNPROFOR mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992-1995" deals with issues concerning humanitarian mandate in particular. This thesis aims to explain, through descriptive analysis, motives leading international community to deploy lightely armed peacekeeprs with uncharacteristic mandate to the region, which is absolutely inadequate for peacekeeping operations as I will show. It will subsequently analyze course of the implementation and problems, which were encountered by UN troops. The aim of this thesis is to prove, that UNPROFOR was not absolute failure as it is perceived,...
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Peace operations within the context of the collective security system
Antoň, Stanislav ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee)
1 Peacekeeping Operations within the System of Collective Security Summary The purpose of this thesis is to provide the reader not only with the basic overview of the formation of the peacekeeping missions and evolution of these missions to present form, but also to introduce him direction of present globalized (or globalizing) world in relation with the future development of international organizations and relations of its member states. The reason of my interest in this topic is my interest in history and what does existence of these organizations mean for our future. Are we stronger because of them or do they lead to more problems than they solve? This thesis is composed from chapters focused on history and organizational structure of international organizations, present state of peacekeeping operations, case studies of chosen peacekeeping operations, Czech Republic's involvement in the international structures and final chapter inspired by the Brahimi report which is focused on technological progress and its effect on present and future of peacekeeping operations and other conflicts. International organizations are global or regional, are distinguished by their focus and reason of their existence. Ideas, on which they are based, often have to give in to new realities of the world. It is not possible to...
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Responsibility for the United Nations peacekeeping operations.
Jarkovská, Michaela ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
Summary: Responsibility for the United Nations peacekeeping operations The purpose of this thesis is to analyze an issue whether the United Nations (UN) or troop contributing countries are responsible for the conduct of military contingents in the UN peacekeeping operations. The thesis focuses solely on UN-led operations and on peacekeeping forces - military troops contributed by member states in whole contingents, rather than as individuals. The reason for focusing on peacekeeping forces is their unique hybrid legal status. While they remain in the service of their states, they become for the period of their assignment international personnel under the authority of the UN. This thesis is composed of four chapters. Chapter one describes the meaning and the legal basis of peacekeeping operations and defines which types of operation are subject of the thesis. Second chapter deals with general rules governing international responsibility of states. Chapter three examines legal personality and responsibility of international organizations, in particular the UN. These two issues are closely related because for an entity to bear international obligations, it must first be established that the entity is a legal person. The fourth and crucial chapter addresses the specific issue of responsibility for a conduct of...
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The Cyprus Crisis in 1974 and the Role of the United Nations
Lauer, Maroš ; Horčička, Václav (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
This thesis explores the impact of the UN on the development of the Cyprus crisis from its beginning until its peak in 1974. This impact is analysed on two levels: 1. Negotiations of the Cyprus Crisis during the UN Security Council and General Assembly meetings and their effects on the escalation of the local situation in Cyprus. 2. Activities of the peacekeeping mission UNFICYP since its establishment in 1964 until the division of Cyprus ten years later. For the purpose of examination of the aforementioned, both detailed historical analyses, as well as theoretical concepts from international relations theory are used in this paper. The paper describes the evolution of the Cyprus Problem as a dynamic process, which needs to be perceived in its full extent, thus it is not concentrated only on the period of 1960s and 1970s, but describes original sources and causes of the conflict.
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UN peacekeeping in the Central African Republic
Slavíková, Hana ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Oberpfalzerová, Hana (referee)
Předkládaná bakalářská práce si klade za cíl zhodnotit úspěšnost peacekeepingových snah OSN a jejích misí ve Středoafrické republice a komparovat je s podobnými případy na území Angoly a Sierry Leone, zeměmi zasaženými občanskou válkou. Úspěšnost mise je definována na základě dvou měřítek: zabránění bezprostřednímu násilí a vyřešení dlouhodobých problémů. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Growing Role of China in African Security
Květová, Lenka ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Werkman, Kateřina (referee)
Chinese economic expansion in Africa is a widely discussed topic, but less academic attention is being paid to the role China plays in African security. Since the late 1990s Chinese activity in Africa had been growing rapidly. Beijing's interests are predominantly economic, mostly represented by market seeking and foreign direct investments, and political, generally perceived as a mutual support in international organizations. The thesis focuses on the traditional principle of non-interference in how Chinese policy towards African security has been evolving together with growing Chinese interests on the continent. The People's Republic of China influences African security matters in four areas: diplomatic involvement, arms deals, support and financing, and military cooperation. By analyzing those areas with a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, concrete cases have been identified, when China interfered in internal affairs of particular states, thus altering its policy of non- interference towards more pragmatic and case by case based approach.
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