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Predikace druhového složení těžeben na základě biotopového mapování okolní krajiny: využití charakteristických druhů vyšších rostlin
SLABA, Michal
The surrounding habitats play an important role in the spontaneous vegetation succession in disturbed sites. They serve as donor sites for species colonizing various post-mining sites from the close surrounding. This diploma thesis deals with the species composition in post-mining sites and the surrounding habitats up to the 1 km distance from the locality. The results indicate, that basalt quarries share the largest amount of species with their surrounding habitats. The studied methods have got limited capability to predict the species composition of post-mining sites using only the knowledge about habitat types occurred in the surrounding. On the other hand, species composition of the surrounding habitats, defined by a selection of the representative relevés of the Czech National Phytosociological Database (CNFD), seems to be more promising approach. It could provide more precise results applied in ecological restoration of post-mining sites in the Czech Republic.
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The influence of vegetation and succession age on pedogenesis in sand pits.
Svačinová, Ilona ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
Sand Pits have great potential to restore via spontaneous succession. There are not many studies of the development of soils in sand pits; therefore, this work focuses on the development of soil properties in sand pits comparing technically reclaimed sites and sites with primary succession. 120 samples were collected at fourteen sand pits in South Bohemia and selected soil properties were assessed. The surveyed plot were grouped according to age, and the successional and technically reclaimed sites were distinguished. The results were evaluated by analysis of variation and regression analysis. The differences in soil bulk density, pH, thickness of soil organic horizon, Cox, N and C/N ratio between reclaimed and spontaneously restored sites of different age were analysed. The bulk density and pH decrease significantly on successional sites; however, the reclaimed sites do not show signifiant differences. Organic horizon thickness increases with age on both types of sites.Cox, N and C/N ratio do not show significant influence age. Lower values of Cox, N and C/N were measured in initial stages of succession. On the reclaimed sites there is almost no change in values of Cox, N and C/N ratio, because of the occurrence of nutrient-richer substráte used during technical reclamation. Keywords: soil...
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Sukcese vodní a mokřadní vegetace na pískovnách
MÜLLEROVÁ, Anna
Vegetation sampling was carried out to determine processes of succession of aquatic and wetland plant species. Different stages of wetland and aquatic vegetation were analyzed in sand pits in the Třeboňsko Protected Landscape Area in the Czech Republic. Moreover different sizes of phytosociologial relevés of aquatic vegetation were analyzed to determine sufficient size for detection of successional changes.
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Population dynamic of amphibians and reptiles of Vlkovská sandpit
RŮŽIČKA, Jan
The theoretical part contains summary of the literature on the topic of succession, mining, human impacts on biodiversity, land reclamation and ecological requirements of reptiles and amphibians. The practical part contains the observations of these two model groups of animals and subsequent evaluation of their abundance and diversity. During the three years I made total 37 herpetological observation, during which I observed the occurrence of eight species of reptiles and amphibians on five locations. When observing reptiles and amphibians I used non-invasive methods of observation. The found species were Zootoca vivipara (507 individuals), Lacerta agilis (583 individuals), Pelophylax esculentus (976 individuals), Pelophylax ridibundus (710 individuals), Pelophylax lessonae (1,401 individuals), Lissotriton vulgaris (203 individuals), Natrix natrix (32 individuals) and Anguis fragilis (7 individuals). The values in the brackets represent the total number of individuals found during 3 seasons. Generically the richest site was "Jezírka" (8 species), species habitat poorest contrary, "Přesyp" (2 species). In all the years the abundance of two model groups (frogs and lizards) were significantly different (abundance of Pelophylax: Chí Square = 2764; d. f. = 4, p <0.001, Zootoca + Lacerta: Chí Square = 119; d. f. = 4, p <0.001. Pelophylax: Chí Square = 1573; d. f. = 4, p <0.001, Zootoca + Lacerta: Chí Square = 43; d. f. = 4, p <0.001. Pelophylax: Chí Square = 37; d. f. = 4, p <0.001, Zootoca + Lacerta: Chí Square = 741; d. f. = 4; p <0.001). The researchl lasted three vegetation seasons. They had distinctly different climatic conditions. The abundance of reptiles and amphibians in season of 2013 was significantly impacted by the spring floods. Season 2014 any major climatic fluctuations and therefore I considered it as a standard. Season 2015 was greatly influenced by the high summer temperatures and the lack of greater precipitation during the summer months. This fact influenced mainly amphibian populations.
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Geologická charakteristika vybraných pískoven na Opavsku
Šiplák, Petr
This bachelor thesis deals with a problem of geological characteristics of particular sandpits in Opava area. As an illustrative example for the purpose of this thesis, the typical sandpits from this area were chosen. The origin of these sandpits is mostly the result of the continental glaciations in the Quaternary period and there are deposited the glaciofluvial sediments. In the selected sandpits, the mineral, rock and soil samples were taken and processed in a laboratory later. In addition, this thesis is also focused on the future use of sandpits after the mining will be finished, the influence of the mining on the ecosystem around as well as recultivation intentions. Besides, the other possible variations, which could be used in this process, are compared.
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The comparison of restorated and successional areas from the point of view ofthe plant diversity - Suchdol sandpit lakes, Třeboň Basin Area
ZAORALOVÁ, Petra
The Diploma´s thesis deals with the issue of comparison of recultivated areas and areas in the point of ecological succession from the viewpoint of the plant diversity of chosen hydro-ecosystems of Trebon basin, in the area of Suchdol nad Lužnicí. Mapped sandpits Cep, Cep I, Tušť a Františkov are situated in the flood plain of the river Lužnice. Local mining of sandy gravel started in 1950s and in some areas it has not finished until now. Every mining process leads to extensive damages of the landscape, which should be corrected. The aim of this thesis is to map and compare the areas on the coast of extracted sandpits where the recultivation was done with those which were left to "controlled" ecological succession.
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Amphibians and reptiles of Vlkovská sandpit surrounding
RŮŽIČKA, Jan
The successional course is the most important factor affecting consequential characteristics of the mine areas. The succession is influenced by man both by his activity or inactivity, for example by using various types of reclamation or by leaving the area to spontaneous succession. The theoretical part of the thesis contains literal review of the literature dealing with succession, mining, man and biodiversity, reclamation and ecology of reptiles and amphibians. Practical part contains observing of those two model groups and evaluation of their abundance. I accomplished 13 herpetological observations during 7 months and I noted 7 species of reptiles and amphibians at 5 studied localities. I used non-invasive methods of the observation. I recorded following species: Zootoca vivipara, Lacerta agilis, Pelophylax esculentus, Pelophylax ridibundus, Pelophylax lessonae, Natrix natrix and Lissotriton vulgaris. The highest diversity was found at the locality "Jezírka" (7 species), the lowest at locality "Přesyp" (2 species). Using Chi-Square test I rejected the hypothesis, that there is no difference in abundance among studied localities (abundance of Pelophylax, Chí Square = 2764; d. f. = 4; p < 0,001 and Zootoca + Lacerta, Chí Square = 119; d. f. = 4; p < 0,001).
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Rekultivace a management nepřírodních biotopů v České republice
Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, Praha ; Geologický ústav AV ČR, v. v. i., Praha ; Ústav pro ekopolitiku, o.p.s., Praha ; Zavadil, Vít ; Volf, Ondřej ; Starý, Josef ; Straka, Jakub ; Sádlo, Jiří ; Rambousek, Petr ; Přikryl, Ivo ; Lepšová, Anna ; Godány, Josef ; Frouz, Jan ; Farkač, Jan ; Vrabec, Vladimír ; Cílek, Václav ; Gremlica, Tomáš
Realizace terénních biologických a ekologických průzkumů nepřírodních biotopů v České republice, zhodnocení těchto biotopů a jejich významu pro ochranu biologické rozmatiostiv kulturní krajině, srovnávací analýza vlivu klasických způsobů a environmentálně šetrných způsobů rekultivací. Byla navržena opatření pro podporu udržitelného užívání zdrojů.
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