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Řez ovocných dřevin a jeho vliv na kvalitu plodů
Povolná, Alexandra
The aim of the thesis was to describe the pruning as an essential element of agricultural technology, its functions and modes of operation. Describe further pruning from the viewpoint of reducing fruit set, what are the possibilities and practical use for this purpose. Emphasize and explain when and how the fruit tree pruning is used to increase the quality of fruit for each fruit species.
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Methodology of cryoconservation of in vitro cultures of fruit trees
Bilavčík, Alois ; Faltus, Miloš ; Zámečník, Jiří
The purpose of the methodology is to store selected genotypes of fruit trees, especially apple and pear trees, in conditions of cryogenic temperatures within the National Program. The newly created methodology will enable efficient and effective cryopreservation of genetic resources of selected fruit trees. The methodology brings newly defined encapsulation dehydration procedures of cryopreservation optimized using the thermal method of differential scanning calorimetry.
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Fungi of the fruit trees with special reference to genus Neofabraea
Pešicová, Kamila ; Novotný, David (advisor) ; Krátká, Jiřina (referee)
This thesis is a literature review concerning fungi associated with the fruit trees with special reference to genus Neofabraea. It is intend on endophytic fungi of all fruit trees and on pathogenic fungi of pome fruit. The genus Neofabraea is an important pathogenic genus whose representatives attack mainly apple and pear trees and cause bark diseases (anthracnose canker and perennial canker) and bull's eye rot of fruits. Identification and detection of them is difficult using conventional mycological and microbiological methods because these species usually do not sporulate in vitro. Therefore they are used modern, immunochemical or molecular-genetic methods.
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Zhodnocení zdravotního stavu alejí ovocných stromů a historických soliterů v NP Podyjí
Kuchař, Jiří
Bachelor thesis written on topic Evaluation of health status of alleys of fruit trees and historicaly important individual trees in the Podyjí National Park is focused on the issues of fruit trees in fragments of orchards and alleys in the vicinity of former mills, buildings and in the territory of the Podyjí National Park. The main aim of the thesis is inventorying of the trees, measuring their dendrometric parameters, evaluation of their health status and the importance of preserving of extensive fruit plantations. On the basis of the information gained it proposes the restoration, protection and maintenance of these localities.
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Zdravotní stav a monitoring alejí v katastru Kotvrdovice
Eliášová, Dagmar
ABSTRACT Dagmar Eliášová: Health status and alley monitoring in cadastre of Kotvrdovice The aim of this work is to evaluate the status of the alleys in the cadastral area of Kotvrdovice and to propose a modification of the status. This work is preceded by observations in different seasons, processing of collected data, and comparison to literature and other sources of information. The outcomes are presented in tables, texts and documented by several photos. The first part deals with the characteristics of the area of the alleys that affect timber species. History and natural conditions will help to understand the context. The next part identifies alley, describes timber species including their assessment, methodology and explanation of the most basic terms. This is followed by a plot of timber species and a monitoring chart. Described are diseases and pests. Discussion and conclusion provide a big picture and a summary of the whole work. The aim is not only to evaluate the alley and its subsequent modification but also to realize the purpose of greenery in the landscape and what the arboriculture is about.
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Vliv klimatu na termíny fenologických fází vybraných živočišných druhů
Tarrová, Adéla
Thesis on "Climate Impact on the Terms of Phenological Phases of Selected Animal Species" examines climate change and its impact on the shift of phenological terms of selected birds population in a long-term period. It also examines the interdependence between phenological terms of selected bird species. Finally, it also focuses on the relationship between managed (fruit trees) and unmanaged ecosystems (bird species). The study is based on the data which were monitored at three sites in southern Moravia during the years 1961 - 2012. The data were compared between each other in time series. The results show a significant increase of temperature in the monitored period with an evident impact on the earlier onset of selected phenological terms. Similarly, the relationship between the individual phenological dates of managed and unmanaged ecosystem is also evident.
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Možnosti využití přírodních insekticidů
Malec, Josef
Botanical insecticides are naturally occurring chemicals synthesized by plants for defend against herbivores. The aim was to verify the possibility of using natural insecticides to protect of cherries against cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cerasi L., 1758). In 2016, was evaluated the efficacy of three natural insecticides (spinosad, azadirachtin, pyrethrins) in the cherry orchards near the village of Bílé Podolí in the district of Kutná Hora (240 m a. s. l.). Their efficacy was compared with a synthetic insecticide (acetamiprid) and an untreated control. Insecticides were applied by cherry fruit fly adults caught on yellow sticky plates. Efficacy was evaluated in two periods, one week after the last treatment and during harvest maturity (June 23). Maximal efficacy of 100% was found after application of Piretro Verde (pyrethrins), and the product Mospilan (acetamiprid). Efficacy of preparation Spintor Fly (spinosad) was 95.83%, of preparation Neem Azal TS (azadirachtin) in combination with a food attractant was 83.33%. All used natural insecticides have shown efficacy in protection of cherries against cherry fruit fly.
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Porovnání araneofauny dutin ovocných dřevin v okolí liniových staveb v okolí Brna
Bednařík, Martin
The aim of my bachelor thesis was to collect spiders in the cavities of fruit trees in selected alleys along the communications of third class. Identify and evaluate the effects of tree species, dimensions of the cavity opening and the environment for the presence of spiders. I have collected the spiders only with a help of newspapers traps for a period of one year. Selection and set new traps took place at the beginning of each month. I placed a total of 504 traps that caught the 157 spiders. Of these, only 33 were adult spiders belonging to 12 species. For juveniles were most abundant genus Philodromus with 76 individuals. Of the adult spiders were the most numerous species Pseudicius encarpatus and Micaria subopaca. The occurrence of spiders were affected primarily by the dimensions of inlets cavities. The surroundings did not influence the results. Occurrence of spiders throughout the year was relatively balanced. The richest month was April with 27 individuals.
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Dopad intenzity hospodaření na přirozené predátory škůdců ovocných dřevin
Surovcová, Martina
Capture of studied organisms was conducted from April to September in 2016, from two representative areas, bio gardens and intensive orchards. All areas are in the district of Vsetín (region of Zlín). Apple trees, pear trees, cherry trees, plum trees were shaken in organic orchards. In intensive orchards were shaken only plum trees. At each site, 10 suitable tree species were chosen as representative, where insects and spiders were shaken. 875 specimens were collected. The largest group in six orchards systems was spiders, which was found 683 specimens. The most frequent group was Philodromus sp., Philodromus albidus, Philodromus dispar, Philodromus cespitum, Nigma flavescens, Phylloneta impressa, Nuctenea umbratica, Anyphaena accentuata. The useful insect in the studied material was 192 specimens. The largest number of spiders were in ecological orchards, with a total of 470 specimens collected, useful organisms were collected in number of 106 specimens, from which the largest number was from the family Coccinellidae 54 specimens. In addition, about 30 specimens were collected from the family Formicidae and Anthrocoridae. In intensive orchards the spider abundance was lower 214 specimens were collected. Useful organisms the appeared in smaller numbers and were collected 86 specimens. The most numerous families were Coccinellidae (38 specimens). It can be concluded from the results that in organic orchards with a heterogeneous tree species, species diversity is much higher than in more intensive crops, where species diversity and abundance have a decreasing tendency with a significantly weaker overall diversity of natural antagonists. The results of this research applied on fruit trees in orchards can also be related to parks, gardens, or arboretums and other public greenery, because in these biotopes there is generally a considerable species diversity of spiders and antagonists of the class of insects, which is, however, prone to various interventions and intensity economy. This may impair their functional significance in terms of biological control of pests.
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Hmyzí škůdci zahrady v intravilánu města Brna
Langová, Melanie
During the year 2018, the occurrence of pests was monitored in the garden by pheromone traps for Cydia funebrana and Cydia molesta, by yellow spheric traps for Rhagoletis cerasi. For the other species of pests, visual inspection was chosen. The flight period of Cydia funebrana started on 1st May. The flight achieved its maximum during period, which lasted from 27th to 30th June. The last individual was found on 7th September. Totally 114 individuals were caught. The first individual of Cydia molesta was registered on 28th April. The maximum flight was from the 9th to 12th June and the last individual was found on 10th September. Totally 126 individuals were caught. The flight period of Rhagoletis cerasi started on 13th May and maximum was reached from the 10th to 17th June. Totally 87 individuals were caught. On 19th April some species of aphids on different woods were found, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Aphis grossulariae, Cryptomyzus ribis and Aphis pomi.
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