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Biomechanical study of the upper extremity plates
Linhart, Lukáš ; Marcián, Petr (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
This work deals with the possibilities and principles of fixation of fractures of the upper limb. It is divided into five chapters. The introductory chapter discusses the biomechanics and its inclusion in contemporary science. The next chapter describes a brief history of healing and fixation of fractures of the upper limb. The third chapter is devoted to the anatomy of the upper limb, knowledge of which is the effective fixation of fractures of the upper extremity necessary. Another chapter is devoted to the classification and description of the type of osteosynthesis internal fixation of the upper limb. Furthermore, this chapter discusses the principles and mechanisms of LCP fixation. The last fifth point is detailed study of specific humeral locking plate. To create a computational model was used SolidWorks software and ANSYS Workbench.
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Machining technologies used in medicinal producing
Drábek, Tomáš ; Sedlák, Josef (referee) ; Kalivoda, Milan (advisor)
This bachelor‘s thesis is focused on the connection of machining technologies with medical production. The first part includes an overview of a few Czech companies that pursue production of joint replacements. There are also some examples of the joint replacements included in this part. Frequently used materials for implants and constructions of dental replacements are included in the following part. The next section contains a summary of machining technologies used in this area. Additionally, there are a few technological production processes of components of joint replacements which are mentioned in the first part. This part also outlines machining technologies used in constructions of dental replacement production. Also included is an evaluation of the possibilities of producing femoral components of a knee replacement, as well as points out the specificity of machining technologies used in stomatology. The ending section of the thesis contains an overview of machining machines, tools, and software used in these areas. Lastly, there is a final evaluation concluding the work as a whole.
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Nurse's role in surgical site infection prevention in orthopedics
STRNADOVÁ, Iveta
My thesis is devoted to setting of boundaries for nurse's role in surgical site infection prevention in orthopedics. Surgical site infection is current subject in surgery. Description of historical evolution, characteristics and infection selection in theoretical part of thesis is based on actuality and numerous occurrences of infections. Risk factors leading to SSI were also described and we targeted them more specifically on presence in pre surgical, inter surgical and past surgical period. Description of the origin, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and consequences of SSI was also made for setting the point and completion of this problematics. Nurse's role in preventive measures is mentioned in special part in theoretical part of thesis. More specifically it is nurses role in pre surgical, inter surgical and post surgical period related to growth of SSI. Objective of research part was to chart nurse's role in SSI. Our intentions were specifically on activities in pre surgical and post surgical period. The empirical part of the diploma thesis took place through a qualitative research survey. The technique of the work was a semi structured interview with nurses working in wards dealing with patients with surgical site infections. Thirty two nurses from hospitals in Liberec and South Bohemian regions were taking part in interview. All of interviews were realized in February and March 2021. Results were all recorded on audio recorders and recordings were then rewritten and processed with paper pen technique. During the qualitative investigation, it was found that all nurses meet in their practice with patients suffering from, among other things, surgical site infections. With these patients, nurses perform preventive activities mainly in pre surgical and post surgical period. In their preventive activities, nurses are using available resources, habits of their department and knowledge that they have at place of surgical site infections. Meanwhile there is somewhat unity in ATB prophylaxis, in the area of preoperative preparation recommendations may vary, or are sometimes missing. This fact is then also reflected in clinical practice. Nurses are following rules of barrier nursing care and also they know and use modern trends in wound care. The nurses also demonstrated their knowledge in the field of monitoring the development of infections at the site of surgery in the postoperative period. The empirical investigation of the thesis tells us that nurses meet patients suffering from, among other things, with surgical site infections while providing nursing care. They know basic activities used to prevent it's spreading especially in preoperative and postoperative period which they apply in their clinical practice.
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Information for patients about the treatment mode after hip surgery - Total joint replacement
Ondráčková, Eva ; Nikodemová, Hana (advisor) ; Tomová, Šárka (referee)
My bachelor thesis called "Patients' knowledge of therapeutic mode after surgery of hip joint - total endoprosthesis" deals with a problem of education of patients in case of mode after surgery on Orthopaedic department in St. Zdislava hospital in Mostiště. A theoretic part is focused on summary of findings about hip joint, causes of surgery, types of endoprosthesis, preoperative and postoperative cares, rehabilitation and potential complications after surgery of hip joint. In a practical part, there is introduced a method of research on Orthopaedic department, whose aim is to get into degree of patients' knowing, form of education and simple keeping of preventive measures. In a conclusion of my thesis the results of research and assessment of research acquisiton into practice are summarized.
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Differences in the care of patients after a complete knee and hip replacement from the standpoint of the nurse.
LUŇÁČKOVÁ, Jana
Complete knee and hip replacement are one of the most common surgical procedures in an orthopedic practice. The care of these patients places very high demands on the attending nurse and follows strict guidelines. The occurrence rate of indications for the knee/hip replacement has risen recently. The reason behind it is higher stress on the bearing joints due to alarming rise in obesity, arthritic changes in the joints etc. Surgical procedure can restore mobility and independence of the patient. Part of the successful postoperative care is a close cooperation with the physiotherapy specialist. Orthopedic nurses carry full responsibility for the patient's care and therefore should be informed on its specifics. The bachelor thesis is divided into two sections, theoretical and empirical. The theoretical section focuses on the anatomy of the knee and hip joint, history of the replacement procedure and its indications and contraindications. It also discusses the specifics of the care of the patient. The empirical section covers research. The objective of the thesis is to discover different aspects of nursing care of the patient after total hip replacement and knee replacement and to investigate whether nursing staff possesses the knowledge of these aspects. Three basic questions were formulated: 1. What are the differences in care between the total knee replacement and total hip replacement patients? 2. In what areas of patient care, according to the nurses' point of view, do these differences exist? 3. What areas of patient care after total knee/hip replacement do nurses find the most difficult? A qualitative research method has been used to accomplish results for this thesis. Data collection has been carried out through semi-structured interviews and assisted observations. The research has taken place at a single location, an orthopedic department of a hospital. The research was completely anonymous, interviews and observations took place from April 8th 2016 through May 31st 2016. A semi-structured interviews were used for the data collection. Nurses were given 14 basic questions (see Appendix) that were followed by additional sub-questions during the interviews. Then the interview results were sorted into groups by their category for better comprehension. An assisted observation was another technique used. The acquired data have been input into a prepared table (see Appendix). The interviews and observations were carried out with the same subjects/nurses. The data collected showed that the care of the total knee replacement patient does not fundamentally differ from that of a total hip replacement patient. The only differences found were those in positioning of the patient, utilization of compensation aids, rehabilitation care and, according to the nurses, also in prevention of possible complications. The most common problems occur in connection with the manipulation of the patient. Nurses seem to lack a clear guidance as to by who and how the patient should be informed prior to the replacement procedure. This bachelor thesis has been compiled in such a way as to outline basic overview of the patient care differences and to be used as an information source for the experienced as well as the inexperienced nursing staff. Practical aspect of this thesis is a proposal for a seminar (see Appendix) on the issue of patient care differences after a total knee/hip replacement.
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Information for patients about the treatment mode after hip surgery - Total joint replacement
Ondráčková, Eva ; Nikodemová, Hana (advisor) ; Tomová, Šárka (referee)
My bachelor thesis called "Patients' knowledge of therapeutic mode after surgery of hip joint - total endoprosthesis" deals with a problem of education of patients in case of mode after surgery on Orthopaedic department in St. Zdislava hospital in Mostiště. A theoretic part is focused on summary of findings about hip joint, causes of surgery, types of endoprosthesis, preoperative and postoperative cares, rehabilitation and potential complications after surgery of hip joint. In a practical part, there is introduced a method of research on Orthopaedic department, whose aim is to get into degree of patients' knowing, form of education and simple keeping of preventive measures. In a conclusion of my thesis the results of research and assessment of research acquisiton into practice are summarized.
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Special radiographic projections in orthopedics
COUFALOVÁ, Hana
The main topic of this thesis are special projections used in orthopedics. Radiology nowadays plays an important role in any field of medicine and helps with medical diagnostic or directly with treatment. Nevertheless, these methods are mostly used for diagnostics and classification of type and degree of injury or disease. For most common examinations are used standard, classic projections, which are described in literature on RTG projections. However, in some cases comes requests for non-standard projections from orthopedist. These projections are not so commonly known and most radiological assistants are usually not familiar with them. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes general overview in orthopedics, bones anatomy and radiodiagnostics. The main objective of work presented in the thesis was to gain information from specialized RDG locations on projections conducted for the use of orthopedists with help of interview and practical demonstrations. The collected information was to be used to create a brief manual of the used projections, which would be available for the radiology assistants at the other RDG locations. Inputs were collected from these organizations: University Hospital in Motol, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Hospital Na Bulovce and Health center Mazurská. The set objectives have been achieved; the manual is presented in the results' section. The listed projections are mostly special projections conducted on demand for orthopedists. Each organization has naturally different standards and a procedure of each projection may slightly differ from place to place. Also the system of projection's designation may vary. From the list are excluded projections demanding special tools, devices or instruments and/or special technical setting or parameters; projections used rarely; and held projections (with assistance of orthopedist).The reasoning for the exclusion is a fact, that the manual is intended for RDG locations conducting the most standard projections and the special types are used only seldom. There were formulated further research questions, whether special orthopedic projections vary and whether is it possible to specify and summarize them into a form of a handbook. Another question was whether RDG assistants are familiar with these projections. The answer was positive yes, these projections can be processed as an educational material. And the knowledge of the RDG assistants about these projections depends on the length and extent of their practice and experience from the practical education at university and also on the extent of projections provided on the daily basis. The main benefit of the thesis was drawing up the manual overview of particular projections used in orthopedics including descriptions and figures, so that every radiological assistant can use it to perform these projections.
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Biomechanical study of the upper extremity plates
Linhart, Lukáš ; Marcián, Petr (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
This work deals with the possibilities and principles of fixation of fractures of the upper limb. It is divided into five chapters. The introductory chapter discusses the biomechanics and its inclusion in contemporary science. The next chapter describes a brief history of healing and fixation of fractures of the upper limb. The third chapter is devoted to the anatomy of the upper limb, knowledge of which is the effective fixation of fractures of the upper extremity necessary. Another chapter is devoted to the classification and description of the type of osteosynthesis internal fixation of the upper limb. Furthermore, this chapter discusses the principles and mechanisms of LCP fixation. The last fifth point is detailed study of specific humeral locking plate. To create a computational model was used SolidWorks software and ANSYS Workbench.
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Machining technologies used in medicinal producing
Drábek, Tomáš ; Sedlák, Josef (referee) ; Kalivoda, Milan (advisor)
This bachelor‘s thesis is focused on the connection of machining technologies with medical production. The first part includes an overview of a few Czech companies that pursue production of joint replacements. There are also some examples of the joint replacements included in this part. Frequently used materials for implants and constructions of dental replacements are included in the following part. The next section contains a summary of machining technologies used in this area. Additionally, there are a few technological production processes of components of joint replacements which are mentioned in the first part. This part also outlines machining technologies used in constructions of dental replacement production. Also included is an evaluation of the possibilities of producing femoral components of a knee replacement, as well as points out the specificity of machining technologies used in stomatology. The ending section of the thesis contains an overview of machining machines, tools, and software used in these areas. Lastly, there is a final evaluation concluding the work as a whole.
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Placing the patient after total hip replacement and nursing care.
KUBEŠOVÁ, Hana
Today, a total hip replacement is often the only way for millions of people around the world how to return to normal life and live a full life without pain. To returning to a full life after a total hip replacement it is needed, however, sufficient information provided by nurses, given not only to patients but also to their relatives. A nurse plays an important role in giving information, because she accompanies a patient not only during the entire hospitalization period, but also during the whole preoperative period, related to a patient´s visits to the outpatient section. A nurse should not only be fully aware of the nursing care before and after surgery, but should be able to adequately inform patients before the hospital admission and to ensure patients´ smooth return to normal life. The survey was carried out through in-depth interviews with ten randomly selected patients after a total hip replacement. The patients were hospitalized in the orthopedic department of the hospital in Tábor. The research group consisted of five women and five men. The patients were asked several additional questions to determine how and when they had been informed about the total hip replacement. It was also necessary to find out how they had been informed about the movement regimen before the hospital admission, and if there had been any problems during hospitalization that might have been associated with the discharge to home care. The main objective of this study was to methodically determine the patients´ awareness before the total hip replacement, to identify the most frequent problems of patients after the hip surgery and to analyze the needs of patients after the total hip replacement before the hospital discharge. The research survey has found that patients had been given information by the nurses in a sufficient extent, but only at the time of hospitalization, which in some cases proved to be inadequate. Some patients did not manage to adequately prepare their domestic environment, including compensation aids facilitating the movement after the hip joint replacement and had to deal with this issue through the mediation of their family during their hospitalization. Owing to the information submitted late, for example, the period of hospitalization may be prolonged unplannedly because the patient is not sufficiently prepared to be discharged to home care. The investigation has shown that it would be desirable to enhance the awareness of patients before the hospital admission to the hip surgery, e.g. through the form of information meetings. Then patients would have the opportunity to get ready both compensation aids suitable for the movement regimen after the total hip replacement and the home environment before the surgery so that they could be discharged to home care at any time. Patients´ awareness before the surgery is an important part of quality nursing care provided to patients and leads to patients´ satisfaction.
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