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Application of capillary electrophoresis for determination of surfactants
Langová, Lenka ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Tensides rank among the surfactants with ability to reduce surface tension. This ability is used to remove impurities. Surfactants can be divided into four basic groups: anionic, cationic, nonionic and zwitterionic. Anionic surfactants belong to the most widespread surfactants in the Czech Republic today. They get into sewage waters from various cleansing and washing agents which are used both in households and industry. So this diploma thesis deals with their assessment by application of capillary electrophoresis.
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Analysis of selected substances contained in the extract from elderberry twigs
Škeřík, Jan ; Flodrová, Dana (referee) ; Šalplachta, Jiří (advisor)
My diploma thesis deals with the optimization and verification of conditions for separation of proteins, which are contained in the twigs of elder (Sambucus nigra L.) using the technique RP-HPLC. The measurements were made with the use of a HPLC system with a UV-VIS detector. Column Zorbax 300SB-C18 300 4,6 x 250 mm and particles the size of 5 microns were used. The theoretical part describes the attributes and usage of elder and especially its proteins. The basic characteristic of the used HPLC technique is introduced. The possibilities of how to identify proteins are described. The practical part demonstrates the individual steps of optimization of the HPLC method applied to the mixture of standard proteins. The application of this method in the real sample is also reported. The final part of the diploma thesis is focused on the comparison of analysed samples taken in different seasons.
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Determination of surfactants by capillary zone electrophoresis.
Tůmová, Klára ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
Surfactans are synthetically made surface-active ingredients contained in washing and cleaning products. They decrease the surface tension and remove dirt. Surfactans can be divided into four basic classes: anionic, cationic, non-inonic and ampholitic. The most commonly used are the anionic ones. Thanks to the massive use they penetrate into waste water and can disturb the environment. This thesis is focused on the optimization methods and the determination of three anionic surfactants by capillary zone electrophoresis.
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Application of analytical pyrolysis for the detection of plastics and microplastics in the environment
Havlíčková, Lucie ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
The issue of microplastics is becoming increasingly important every year and so is the need for finding solutions. Plastic fragments smaller than 5 mm have already been found all over the planet in all spheres of the environment. Among the crucial factors of resolving this issue are, for example, restrictions in the production and overuse of plastic materials, unification and improvement of the waste management system, prevention of unintended release of plastic waste into the environment, the study of possible toxic effects of microplastics on living organisms, and the development of separation and detection techniques for the precise detection and identification of microplastics and nanoplastics. In recent years, the combination of pyrolysis, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry (Pyr-GC-MS) has proven to be a potentially suitable instrument for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of these plastic particles. This Master's thesis proves that the Pyr-GC-MS method can, above all, be sensitive and accurate enough for the detection of microplastics in real environmental samples, where the particles are present in very low concentrations. Due to the broad diversity of physical and chemical properties of polymers, it is highly difficult to develop a single analytical method for the whole range...
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Determination of manganese in food supplements by atomic absorption spectrometry
Melicharová, Zuzana ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Šíma, Jan (referee)
EN The main content of this thesis was the determination of manganese in the form of manganese ions in food supplements by the atomic absorption spectrometry. It was necessary to find the optimum conditions for this method, to conduct interference studies, to find a suitable way of transferring samples into solution and to determin manganese to achieve this goal. Following parameters were examined in optimalization study: beam height above burner edge, burner horizontal position, acetylene flow rate, torch angle, and spectral interval width. Copper, iron, sodium and calcium ions were investigated as interferents as they were present at the highest concentration in selected food supplements. The conversion of solid samples into solution was carried out in water and nitric acid at a room temperature as well as elevated temperature. These food supplements were selected for analysis: Calibrum 50 Plus, Caltrate Plus, Center A to Iron, DAS Gesunde Plus A-Z Multispectrum, GS Extra Strong Multivitamin, Spectrum 50+ and Supradyn Energy Complex. The manganese assay was performed on a GBC 933 AA spectrophotometer. Standard solutions were measured to determine the detection limit and the limit of determination of the instrument. The detection limit was 0.001 mg/l and the limit of determination was 0.004 mg/l...
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Analysis of selected substances contained in the extract from elderberry twigs
Škeřík, Jan ; Flodrová, Dana (referee) ; Šalplachta, Jiří (advisor)
My diploma thesis deals with the optimization and verification of conditions for separation of proteins, which are contained in the twigs of elder (Sambucus nigra L.) using the technique RP-HPLC. The measurements were made with the use of a HPLC system with a UV-VIS detector. Column Zorbax 300SB-C18 300 4,6 x 250 mm and particles the size of 5 microns were used. The theoretical part describes the attributes and usage of elder and especially its proteins. The basic characteristic of the used HPLC technique is introduced. The possibilities of how to identify proteins are described. The practical part demonstrates the individual steps of optimization of the HPLC method applied to the mixture of standard proteins. The application of this method in the real sample is also reported. The final part of the diploma thesis is focused on the comparison of analysed samples taken in different seasons.
|
|
|
Determination of surfactants by capillary zone electrophoresis.
Tůmová, Klára ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
Surfactans are synthetically made surface-active ingredients contained in washing and cleaning products. They decrease the surface tension and remove dirt. Surfactans can be divided into four basic classes: anionic, cationic, non-inonic and ampholitic. The most commonly used are the anionic ones. Thanks to the massive use they penetrate into waste water and can disturb the environment. This thesis is focused on the optimization methods and the determination of three anionic surfactants by capillary zone electrophoresis.
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Application of capillary electrophoresis for determination of surfactants
Langová, Lenka ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Tensides rank among the surfactants with ability to reduce surface tension. This ability is used to remove impurities. Surfactants can be divided into four basic groups: anionic, cationic, nonionic and zwitterionic. Anionic surfactants belong to the most widespread surfactants in the Czech Republic today. They get into sewage waters from various cleansing and washing agents which are used both in households and industry. So this diploma thesis deals with their assessment by application of capillary electrophoresis.
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