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The influence of resilience social support and religiosity on the wellbeing of victims of domestic violence in Accra Ghana
Ahmed, Osman Abdul
ABSTRACT Domestic violence and abuse continue to be an issue of alarming concern for governments and nations across the globe because of the threats that it poses to victims psychologically and physically as well as the family, communities and the nation at large. Although many studies have been done on the subject, these studies focus mainly on the antecedents to abuse and its impact on the victims. Few studies have also focused on the punitive measures and the legal framework around which perpetrators of domestic violence are dealt with less focus on psychological, social and spiritual factors that can improve the wellbeing of victims. It is against this background that this study was conducted to examine the influence of resilience, social support and religiosity on the wellbeing of victims of domestic violence in Accra, Ghana. Using the biopsychosocial and spiritual theory of illness and wellbeing, a cross sectional survey was conducted by purposively sampling 100 victims of domestic violence and abuse (M= 28.57; SD= 5.55) within the period of September and October, 2021. The respondents filled questionnaires that examined resilience, social support, religiosity and psychological wellbeing. Results indicated that resilience (r = -.52, p < .001) has a significant negative relationship with wellbeing while social support (r =.48, p > .001) and religiosity (r = .53, p < .001) has a significant positive relationship with wellbeing. Both social support and religiosity predicted wellbeing in the victims of domestic violence accounting for forty-five percent of the variance in wellbeing scores of the victims (p<0.001, Adj. R2=0.45). It is discussed that psychological support be provided for victims and this support should focus on resiliency training, family and community support and spiritual and religious mindfulness. Limitations of this study are also discussed with recommendations to chart the path for future studies.
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European Convention on Human Rights and its response to hate crimes and hate speech
Kundrák, Viktor ; Hofmannová, Mahulena (advisor) ; Tymofeyeva, Alla (referee) ; Jílek, Dalibor (referee)
The doctoral thesis deals with the issue of hate crime and hate speech in international law, specifically the protection of victims of acts falling under both categories within the framework of the European Convention on Human Rights. It describes the conceptual development of both phenomena and their regulation in international law, including both hard law, i.e. binding international law, and soft law, at both the universal and regional levels. Regarding hate speech, it highlights the crucial role of international freedom of expression protection and the different standards and requirements imposed on states based on the severity of the speech. It extensively analyzes the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in relation to both areas, introducing the category of verbal hate crime, which lies between hate crime and hate speech. It describes the parameters and limits of victim protection in relation to both types of behaviors and outlines possible future directions for the development of the Court's case law in the context of binding instruments at the universal level and the dynamic development of international soft law. In the area of hate crime, it focuses on the reflection of the need for a comprehensive response to the phenomenon, going beyond the procedural obligation of effective...
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Mobile application for victims of bullying
Vlachová, Monika ; Ilgner, Petr (referee) ; Martinásek, Zdeněk (advisor)
This thesis aims to define the concept of bullying, its division, participants, consequences and possible solutions or prevention. It also provides a summary of the concept of bullying from a legal perspective. All this is important for understanding the insidiousness of bullying and the reason for creating this thesis. Furthermore, the general Android application development, architecture, mobile application development environment, tools, and basic steps are discussed. A graphical concept of the actual app design is shown and the implementation of the app in the Android Studio environment is described. Finally, user tests are processed and analysed.
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Jurisdiction over international crimes and the Rohingya case
Malina, Václav ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Honusková, Věra (referee)
Jurisdiction over international crimes and the Rohingya case Abstract This thesis discusses the situation of the Rohingya minority in Myanmar in relation to two court cases that have been initiated in recent years before the International Criminal Court and the International Court of Justice. The thesis examines whether the elements of the crime of genocide and selected crimes against humanity, i.e. crimes of deportation, persecution and other inhumane acts, have been fulfilled. After summarizing the historical development of modern Myanmar and the position of the Rohingya in Myanmar society, the thesis identifies the individual elements of the selected crimes under international law, which were chosen for the thesis based on the aforementioned ongoing proceedings. Furthermore, the author evaluates the previous decisions of the two judicial institutions and comments upon them on the basis of secondary literature. The question of state responsibility for breaches of obligations under international law and the position of victims in international criminal proceedings are also approached in relation to the Rohingya cases. In the final chapter of the thesis, the author not only assesses the chances of success for both prosecutors and victims, but also looks for the relevance of international (criminal) law in...
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Emma Bovary and Thérese Desquegroux: destructive womwn or victims?
Dobrovolná, Petra ; Ébert-Zeminová, Catherine (advisor) ; Listíková, Renáta (referee)
anglicky : Title of the thesis : Emma Bovary and Thérèse Desqueyroux : destructive women or victims ? Keywords : literature, G. Flaubert, F. Mauriac, Emma Bovary, Thérèse Desqueyroux, destructive women , victims, comparison Abstract : The thesis deals with two female characters of French novels from the 2nd half of the 19th century, Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert and Thérèse Desqueyroux by Françoise Mauriac. The life and work of the two authors are briefly described as well as the time when they lived. The longer part of the thesis presents a content analysis and a formal analysis of the novels. The thesis places particular emphasis on the analysis of the story, the main characters and turning points in their lives. The aim is then to compare the two heroines based on the previous analysis of the novels and to highlight what they have in common and in what they differ and to answer the question of whether or not Emma Bovary and Thérèse Desqueyroux are victims, victims of circumstances, or whether they are inherently destructive and rightly described as monsters. All the important points of the thesis are summarized in the conclusion.
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Ethical aspects of handling data acquired from experiments on people
Constable, Marika ; Fošum, Jan (advisor) ; Sousedík, Prokop (referee)
The presented master's thesis examines experiments on humans conducted in Nazi concentration camps during WWII and focuses on the conflict between the victims on one side and scientists on the other. In this conflict, which is centered around the fate of the data, both sides take a strong stand. The criteria for an ethical evaluation is to objectively articulate the main argumentation pillars from both sides and assess their validity in the contrast of two ethical theories which are virtue theory and the theory of consequentialism. To reach this objective, the thesis draws from available literal and audio-visual sources from the fields of history, philosophy, psychology, anthropology and bioethics. The paper is divided into three main parts. The first part is dedicated to terminology, technical execution, integrity, impact and logistics of the experiments. The second part analyzes victim testimonies and impact statements and arguments that had been put forward by the research community. The third part deals with the meaning of the term person's dignity/KAVOD, evaluates the argument points in the contrast of ethical theories, introduces the phenomenon of cognitive dissonance and deliberates the scientific community stance. Keywords Bioethics, cognitive dissonance, concentration camps,...
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Criminological aspects of cybercrime
Ševčíková, Jana ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
Criminological aspects of cybercrime Abstract The thesis concerns the offenders and victims of cybercrime as the selected criminological aspects of cybercrime. The objective of the thesis was to particularly analyse and compare the criminological findings of the offenders and victims of cybercrime and discover and point out the specifics in comparison to the offenders and victims of the offline criminality. Both Czech and foreign literary sources were used for the purposes of this thesis. In the first part the basic terms which are used in this thesis are clarified - cybercrime, the offender and victim including the particularly vulnerable victims. The second part concerns the development of the image of the offender of cybercrime, his characteristics in comparison to the offenders of crimes committed out of cyberspace and his categorization. Particularly the attention was brought to the organized groups of criminals in the area of cybercrime and the motivation of the offender as one of the criminogenic factors. In the third part different victimological aspects of cybercrime including the impact of this kind of criminality on the particularly vulnerable victims are discussed. In relation to the latency of cybercrime the causes of this latency including the reasons for not reporting this kind of criminality...
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Current problems of criminal sanction of domestic violence
Králová, Lucie ; Heranová, Simona (advisor) ; Jelínek, Jiří (referee)
The thesis deals with domestic violence, the current national criminal legislation regarding it and its shortcomings. The first chapter deals with the phenomenon of domestic violence, mainly the definition of the term. Next it includes the characteristic signs of domestic violence, the forms in which it may present, causes of domestic violence and the myths about domestic violence present amongst general public. The second chapter focuses on the individual subjects, meaning the perpetrator and the victim. In the first part of the chapter, the perpetrator is described and the basic typologies are presented. The second part of the chapter first describes the "ideal victim" myth and then presents the individual characteristic victim groups - women, men, children, senior citizens and LGBT community. In the third chapter, the thesis deals with the current criminal legislation of the Czech Republic. The first subchapter deals with the substantive law and analyses five of the crimes that are often committed in situations of domestic violence, especially the crime of Maltreatment of a Person Living in Common Residence and the crime of Maltreatment of Entrusted Person. The second subchapter deals with the procedural law and describes the standing and role of the injured person and the victim, the Consent of...
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Fictional Victims, Fictional Culprits
ČERNÁ, Lucie
The diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of representing the victims and the culprits of the Nazi and communist totalitarian regime on selected procaic works of Czech literature (Zvuk slunečních hodin, Peníze od Hitlera, Vyhnání Gerty Schnirch, Chladnou zemí a Dobrou noc, sladké sny). In also focused on the theme of collective memory, postgeneration, identity, guilt and trauma.
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Victims of the gravest crimes: The role of victims in legal proceedings before the International Criminal Court
Mocková, Eliška ; Lipovský, Milan (advisor) ; Honusková, Věra (referee)
1 Victims of the Gravest Crimes: The Role of Victims in Legal Proceedings Before the International Criminal Court Abstract This thesis analyzes the role of victims in the proceedings before the International Criminal Court, or the so-called victims' mandate of the ICC. The purpose is to comprehensively introduce their rights as well as the way in which this regulation is being applied. Therefore, the research question has two parts. The first part inquires into the current design of the victim's rights before the Court, while the second asks about the results of its application to the present day. Answers offered by the author of the thesis appear respectively in the second and the third chapter. The first chapter is focused on a historical development of the position of victims in the system of international criminal justice. It is of introductory nature and serves to highlight the historically unprecedented character of the role of victims before the ICC. Regarding the research method, the thesis analyzes the role of victims of crimes prosecuted by the ICC from both, theoretical as well as empirical angle. The purpose is to practically and comprehensively describe the regulation of victims before the ICC but also go beyond the "letter of the law" to see the legal regulation within its material context -...
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