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Mycotoxicology quality of oat
PEJSAROVÁ, Hana
The aim of this work was comparison of ten varieties of oat, grown from 2009 to 2012 on the experimental plot of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice and obtain knowledge about the influence of factors (variety, season and pre-crop) on the mycotoxicological quality of oats. The presence of fungal pathogens, mainly from the genus Fusarium, and the level of selected mycotoxins (HT-2 and T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and D3G) were observed on four naked varieties and six hulled varieties. The susceptibility of individual varieties to infestation, the level of individual mycotoxins in the grain, the growth characteristics of oats evaluated during vegetation and the parameters of technological quality were compared.
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A possible role of proline in plant stress memory
Ušák, David ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Konrádová, Hana (referee)
The previous exposure to abiotic stress such as drought may prime plants, leading to their improved response upon later stress onset. This phenomenon, called plant stress memory, is linked to a plethora of mechanisms exerted on several levels. A complex analysis of proline metabolism in leaves and roots was performed to test the putative role of proline in such response to recurrent stress, represented by two periods of water deficit, interrupted by a period of rewatering during recovery. To provide a better understanding of intraspecific differences in drought stress memory response of plants and its inheritance, maize (Zea mays L.) parental genotypes with differing drought sensitivity and their F1 reciprocal hybrid offspring were chosen as the plant material. The water deficit had a more pronounced effect on proline metabolism in leaves than in roots. The proline content increased in response to drought, which was linked to a higher proline biosynthesis and a lower proline catabolism. Marked differences in proline metabolism among genotypes were observed, confirming the previous findings that recurrent drought response is not conserved even within the same species. However, contrary to the original assumptions on the role of proline in plant stress memory, the statistical analysis showed that...
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Mechanisms of exodermal response to nutrient availability in the environment
Gargoš, Ondřej ; Tylová, Edita (advisor) ; Kummerová, Marie (referee)
in English The apoplastic barriers of the root (endodermis and exodermis) represent an important regulatory mechanism for the uptake of water and nutrients from the environment, ensuring its selectivity. In addition, both layers respond to stress factors by altering its rate and degree of cell wall modification, which affects the transport properties of the root and represents adaptive plants to high heterogeneity of the soil environment. Apoplastic barriers also respond to the availability of mineral nutrients. This issue has recently been intensively studied and a number of ambiguities persist. Interestingly, the deficiency of some mineral nutrients stimulates the differentiation of barriers, while the deficiency of other mineral nutrients delays the differentiation. In addition, different plant species react differently to the deficiency of the same element. Another interesting aspect is the fact that the reaction of the endodermis and exodermis is localized and takes place mainly in that part of the root system which is directly exposed to the stress factor. This phenomenon has been observed with cadmium toxicity, but more recently with local nutrient deficiencies (nitrogen and potassium) in Zea mays. This diploma thesis deals with the functional significance of localized enhancing or delaying...
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Příčiny nízkých výnosů obilovin v ekologickém systému pěstování
KOTAŠKA, Vladimír
The aim of this diploma thesis was to find out the causes of low returns on chosen cereals (oat, wheat, rye, and spelled) in ecological agriculture based on evaluating information on growing procedures obtained via the method of questionnaires. Gradually, 21 ecologically farming companies controlled by the Abcert AB a Biokont CZ, s.r.o. organizations were chosen. Based on the analysis of growing procedures, the most frequent mistakes made by farmers were identified. Companies with lower returns apply mainly an inappropriate structure of crops grown, a high representation of cereals, and they do not respect crop rotation principles. Especially in favourble conditions, some farms are run without livestock production. Leguminosae representation is low in most companies, intercrops are used very seldom. In case of straw plow, the C:N ratio is not maintained using manure. Mineral manure is not used at all, liming very seldom. Vegetation is usually not fertilized during vegetation period. Cereal weed regulation is carried out, but not sufficiently. Using farm seed is quite frequent, which increases the growth of weed. Comparing returns on cereal among better and worse companies, it is obvious that respecting given principles may increase return on seed in 1.0 to 1.9 t/ha.
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The oat growing in terms of selected agricultural company
ZIMMERMANNOVÁ, Zlata
The aim of the dissertation thesis was to find out the influence of fungicide and increased amount of nitrogen on the yield components of oat. The dissertation is divided into a literary overview and the thesis as such. In 2018 a pilot research was made on the land of a farm located in the district of Tábor. Atego oat was grown in four variants there: a control variant, a variant fertilized by nitrogen (without the usage of fungicide), a variant comprising fungicide application (without nitrogen fertilization) and a variant including both nitrogen fertilization and fungicide application. The highest theoretical yield was registered in the variant which contained fungicide as well as nitrogen. Regarding the yield components of oat, the highest number of plants and panicles was registered in the variant fertilized by nitrogen (without the usage of fungicide); the highest number of stolons and the maximum weight of one thousand grains was measured in the variant including both nitrogen fertilization and fungicide application. Finally, the highest number of grains in a panicle was obtained from a control variant.
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Yield formation of naked and hulled oat
ČERNÝ, Miroslav
On the basis of experiment was performed an evaluation of yield production of the selected spectrum of naked and hulled oat varieties. There were compared time-tested varieties to new varieties registered in the list of recommended varieties in 2013. At the same time were compared methods of yield production of hulled oat and naked oat. After evaluation of real yield was informatively compared the amount of raw food materials obtained from naked oat with the oat rice obtained from hulled oat by hulling machine.
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The comparison of naked and hulled oat yield ability
MÁCHALOVÁ, Hana
The theme of this thesis is a comparison of the yield capability naked and hulled oat varieties. The work is divided into two sections. The first half of this thesis is devoted to literature search. The second part of this thesis describes the actual experiment, which was carried out in 2012 on the farm school University of South Bohemia (České Budějovice). 10 varieties of oats, 4 of them naked varieties and 6 hulled varieties, was used for this experiment. Highest average yield of hulled varieties reached Vok variety (3.85 tons per ha) and of naked varieties with a yield of 3.43 tons per hectare the Otakar variety. The average thousand grain weight was in naked varieties 28,7 grams and 33,4 grams hulled varieties. Number of grains per panicle reached 57 grains on average in nude varieties and 55 grains on average in hulled varieties. in nude varieties averaged 57 grains and 55 grains of hulled varieties.
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Alcohol Yield of Oat, Barley and Wheat Hydrolysates
PIKL, Miroslav
Major part of ethanol production for industrial use in Czech Republic is made from cereals. Effect of acid, alkali and enzymatic hydrolysis after thermopressure preparation takes part in the paper. The most promising alternative is enzymatic hydrolysis. Especially efficiency of different hydrolytic enzymes towards different species of cereals takes the main part of the simulations. Local farm products, oats, barley and wheat were prepaired by steam explosion in different pressure. After hydrolysis were detected the GE and after fermentation was observed the production of alcohol.
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Seeds surface plasma modification
HRUŠKOVÁ, Iveta
Aim of diploma work is research of plasma influence on seed germination in some plant species (wheat and oat). The complex work includes parts both physical-technological and biological. The work discusses a selection of useful seeds for the plasma treatment and describes parameters of plasma processing. It discusses results of germination testing and early growth of seedlings. Parts of the work are electron microscopy output, data processing result, and appendix.
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Problems Microscopic Fungi of Oat
ŠTÝSOVÁ, Kateřina
This paper deals with evaluation of presence of pathogenic fungi in oats, in 4 strains and their variants, ways of treatment during growing season. As well, presence rate of studied phytopathogenic fungi, strategy of loss estimate and evalution of intensity of disease are determined. Furhermore, infection of pathogenes of Fusarium fungi is monitored, including evaluation of yield-forming elements. The purpose of in vitro experiments is to observe surficial microflora on oat seed.
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