|
|
Laboratory Diagnostics of Multiple Myeloma
ČERNÝ, Jakub
The bachelor thesis on the topic Laboratory diagnostics of multiple myeloma is divided into theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part I introduce the hematooncological disease multiple myeloma, its laboratory diagnostics, which include biochemical, hematological, immunological, genetic and histological tests. In addition, I also present other diagnostic methods - skeletal imaging (X-ray, CT, PET/CT). I also present other pathologies that are closely related to the problem and are associated with monoclonal gammopathy. At the end of the theoretical part I briefly inform about the treatment options for this disease. For the bachelor thesis 4 objectives were set. The first aim was to summarize the laboratory testing methods currently used to diagnose MM. The second aim was to map the diagnostic procedure for the first detection of MM using a specific patient as an example. The third aim was to highlight the variability of initial findings and disease course in the form of case reports. The fourth and final aim was to use data obtained from the Institute's own department (laboratory + haematology outpatient clinic) to answer several research questions. To achieve the results of the research investigation, quantitative research methods were used by retrospective analysis of available laboratory data from LIS. Qualitative research technique of data analysis was used to write individual case reports and complete patient diagnosis. In the discussion and in the conclusion of the bachelor thesis, the results of the research questions and the evaluation of the fulfilment of the stated objectives of the thesis are summarised. Finally, the expected contribution of the bachelor thesis in current laboratory and clinical diagnosis of the disease is mentioned.
|
|
|
Physiotherapy in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Holasová, Adéla ; Novotný, Ondřej (advisor) ; Ortová, Marta (referee)
The bachelor's thesis is devoted to the issue of physiotherapy intervention in patients with multiple myeloma hospitalized in the transplant unit, who are currently in a state shortly after high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The theoretical part includes the basic classification of haematoma-oncological malignancies, a description of the multiple myeloma disease, its incidence and prevalence, symptoms of the disease, diagnosis, treatment options, the effect of long-term hospitalization on the body, symptoms of the disease relevant for the initiation of physiotherapy intervention. The conclusion of the theoretical part deals with the current issue of physiotherapy in patients with multiple myeloma. The practical part consists of three case reports of patients with multiple myeloma who were hospitalized in the transplant unit shortly after undergoing high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Their case reports include an initial examination, a description of therapies and an exit examination of individual patients. The practical part also introduces a set of exercises, which should serve as inspiration for patients for suitable exercises that they can perform themselves during the day, but only after...
|
|
|
Pre-transfusion laboratory examination of patients with AIHA and multiple myeloma
INGRIŠOVÁ, Karolína
This bachelor thesis follow up laboratory pre-transfusion tests in the special imunohematology lab for patients with AIHA diagnosis and multiple myeloms. For said patients, compatibility of the erythrocyte tranfusion must be maintained using special procedures. For AIHA patients, that means removal of patient's auto-antibodies by saturating the patient's plasma sample. As for patients with multiple myeloma, treatment of erythrocytes (either diagnostic or donor) with DTT is needed to remove false positivity caused by other treatments (such as administration of Daratumumab). Theoretical part consists of explanation of the basic immunohematological terms followed by thorough description of tests needed for patients with mentioned problematic diagnosis. Practical parts describes all laboratory procedures of each individual pre-transfusion tests including special ones for patients with AIHA and MM. This part also contains evaulation and analysis of all patients with AIHA and MM examined at the transfusion department of the University Hospital in Pilsen during the years 2021 and 2022. At the end of this part, all aquired data are evaluated using charts and graphs. End of this thesis contains summary and importance of tests performed for patients with the diagnosis of AIHA and MM, including answers for previously set research questions.
|
|
|
Klinický význam některých mutací u mnohočetného myelomu
RENDLOVÁ, Dominika
This thesis focused on chromosomal changes in multiple myeloma and their clinical significance, especially on the significance of the TP53 mutation in comparison with some manifestations on patients in whom no mutation was detected. Multiple myeloma is a blood cancer that has a wide range of clinical symptoms and is very often subject to various chromosomal aberrations. These aberrations fundamentally affect the prognosis, overall survival, or treatment efficacy. The aim of this work is to determine the number and frequency of mutations among patients with multiple myeloma and mainly compare the overall survival and duration of remission of patients with TP53 mutation with patients without mutation. Patients´ results were obtained from the hospital in České Budějovice, a.s. from 2016 to 2018.
|
|
|
Histone deacetylase inhibitors in plasma cell leukemia treatment: effect of the bone marrow microenvironment
Burianová, Ilona ; Stöckbauer, Petr (advisor) ; Pour, Luděk (referee) ; Benson, Veronika (referee)
Multiple myeloma and its aggressive variant, plasma cell leukemia, are still considered to be incurable diseases despite the progressive treatment approaches comprising novel drugs. This can be attributed to the presence of the bone marrow microenvironment which plays an important role in drug resistance of myeloma cells. Hematopoietic cell lines derived from hematologic malignancies are suitable models for the study of etiopathogenesis of these malignant diseases and for testing new potential drugs. Establishment of these cell lines is still considered to be coincidental and rare event. The first part of the thesis is focused on establishment and characterization of the cell line UHKT-944 derived from a patient with primary plasma cell leukemia, and on completion of characterization of the cell line UHKT-893 derived from a patient with multiple myeloma. Additional analysis of UHKT-893 cell line were performed including sequence analysis of IgVH gene rearrangements and cytogenetic analysis which contributed to more detailed characterization of this cell line. During cultivation of UHKT-944 cells, we monitored the cell growth and confirmed dependence on interleukin-6 (IL-6). Immunophenotype analysis revealed the presence of surface markers characteristic of malignant plasma cells. UHKT-944 cells...
|
|
|
Multiple myeloma- diagnosis and treatment
Jungová, Alexandra ; Vokurka, Samuel (advisor) ; Krejčí, Marta (referee) ; Minařík, Jiří (referee)
Multiple myeloma is an agressive hemato-oncological disease the diagnosis and treatment possibilities of which have been developing for the last 15 years. The diagnostic methods include flow cytometry which uses antigen detection to distinguish between pathological and physiological plasmocytes. One of the monitored markers is marker CD45 which could be, according to our monitoring, of a negative prognostic value. 71 patients in our group were divided according to the intensity of CD45 antigen expression and the group with a lower expression showed a statistically higher risk of relapse within 12 months 62% vs. 25 % (p=0,0011). We did not find any connection with the influences of induction therapy or cytogenetics which are otherwise considered the most important prognostic markers. Multiple myeloma treatment involves a lot of combined protocols; and the repeated autologous transplantation is still considered to be the most efficient. We observed more positive results in planning the second autologous transplant early in patients who reached just partial remission after the 1st autologous transplant - significantly better TFS (treatment free survival) and overall survival (OS) were in the group of patients with early tandem transplantation: 18 months vs. 10 months (p=0.04) and the OS median was not reached...
|
|
|
Chromozomální změny u mnohočetného myelomu
RENDLOVÁ, Dominika
This thesis focuses on chromosomal changes in multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is a tumor blood disease that can prove itself via a wide range of clinical symptoms, and the cause of which is not known. The disease affects especially older individuals and nowadays it is incurable. Different chromosomal changes and their identifications are significant in multiple myeloma to identify the prognosis of disease, choice of cure, and they affect the overall survival in patients. The aim of this thesis is to find out about the frequencies of individual mutations in patients suffering from MM. Patients´ results were obtained from the hospital in České Budějovice, a.s. from 2016 to 2018.
|
|
|
Monoclonal gammopathies from point of view of the biochemist
Drábková, Gabriela ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Gabriela Drábková Monoclonal gammopathy from the point of view of a biochemist Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Healthcare bioanalytics- Specialist in laboratory methods Monoclonal gammopathy are a very heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the proliferation of one clone of differentiated B lymphocytes producing homogeneous immunoglobulin, the so-called monoclonal immunoglobulin. This monoclonal immunoglobulin can be detected in serum and / or urine. Monoclonal gammopathy can also be defined as a group of diseases that result from mutation in a B-cell line. The monoclonal immunoglobulin may consist of both the intact immunoglobulin molecule or the structural components, i.e., the kappa or lambda light chains, more rarely from the heavy chains of the immunoglobulin molecule. The basic investigation methods of monoclonal immunoglobulin detection include serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis. Another important method in diagnosis and monitoring is the determination of free light chains. Multiple myeloma is an example of a tumor in which the prognosis has improved so much in recent years that today we can talk about a chronic illness. Median survival is currently around six years, and some patients get into...
|
|
|
Multiple myeloma- diagnosis and treatment
Jungová, Alexandra ; Vokurka, Samuel (advisor) ; Krejčí, Marta (referee) ; Minařík, Jiří (referee)
Multiple myeloma is an agressive hemato-oncological disease the diagnosis and treatment possibilities of which have been developing for the last 15 years. The diagnostic methods include flow cytometry which uses antigen detection to distinguish between pathological and physiological plasmocytes. One of the monitored markers is marker CD45 which could be, according to our monitoring, of a negative prognostic value. 71 patients in our group were divided according to the intensity of CD45 antigen expression and the group with a lower expression showed a statistically higher risk of relapse within 12 months 62% vs. 25 % (p=0,0011). We did not find any connection with the influences of induction therapy or cytogenetics which are otherwise considered the most important prognostic markers. Multiple myeloma treatment involves a lot of combined protocols; and the repeated autologous transplantation is still considered to be the most efficient. We observed more positive results in planning the second autologous transplant early in patients who reached just partial remission after the 1st autologous transplant - significantly better TFS (treatment free survival) and overall survival (OS) were in the group of patients with early tandem transplantation: 18 months vs. 10 months (p=0.04) and the OS median was not reached...
|
|
|
Histone deacetylase inhibitors in plasma cell leukemia treatment: effect of the bone marrow microenvironment
Burianová, Ilona ; Stöckbauer, Petr (advisor) ; Pour, Luděk (referee) ; Benson, Veronika (referee)
Multiple myeloma and its aggressive variant, plasma cell leukemia, are still considered to be incurable diseases despite the progressive treatment approaches comprising novel drugs. This can be attributed to the presence of the bone marrow microenvironment which plays an important role in drug resistance of myeloma cells. Hematopoietic cell lines derived from hematologic malignancies are suitable models for the study of etiopathogenesis of these malignant diseases and for testing new potential drugs. Establishment of these cell lines is still considered to be coincidental and rare event. The first part of the thesis is focused on establishment and characterization of the cell line UHKT-944 derived from a patient with primary plasma cell leukemia, and on completion of characterization of the cell line UHKT-893 derived from a patient with multiple myeloma. Additional analysis of UHKT-893 cell line were performed including sequence analysis of IgVH gene rearrangements and cytogenetic analysis which contributed to more detailed characterization of this cell line. During cultivation of UHKT-944 cells, we monitored the cell growth and confirmed dependence on interleukin-6 (IL-6). Immunophenotype analysis revealed the presence of surface markers characteristic of malignant plasma cells. UHKT-944 cells...
|
guest ::
