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Micropropagation of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)
Šedivá, Jana ; Havrdová, Ludmila ; Maršík, Petr
The aim of the methodology is to provide an optimized process of micropropagation of common ash, which can support the production of its elite genotypes with a higher degree of tolerance to the invasive fungal pathogen Hymenoscypus fraxineus causing our domestic species of ash (Fraxinus excelsior and F. angustifolia) so called necrosis of ashes (known in Europe as " ash dieback "). The methodology includes two integrated in vitro propagation techniques, which are based either on juvenile plant material (from seeds) or on adult trees using apical buds.
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Využití kultivačních médií pro množení banánovníku metodou in vitro
Kadlecová, Eliška
This work deals with characterization of Musa genus, in vitro cultivation of banana plants and micropropagation of three chosen Kluai Namwa cultivars. Theoretical part comprises of genus Musa taxonomy and particular groups in this genus, then description of all the parts of banana plant, origin of banana growing and cultivars. The world most important cultivars were chosen and described together with their occurence. This chapter includes description of importance and different usage of bananas and world banana trade, too. There can be found overview of the most important pests and diseases of banana plants, ways of multiplication and advantages and difficulties of breeding. The part named Banana plant in vitro deals with specific uses of different aseptic cultures of bananas, it describes some of used practises and their risks. This chapter focuses mostly on micropropagation of banana plants, from establishing the culture to weaning and planting to the field. Third and last part describes the experiment with multiplication of three banana cultivars from Kluai Namwa group (ABB). This experiment took place at Thai university in the year 2015. The goal was to evaluate the suitability of four different cultivation media for individual cultivars and to suggest the best medium for multiplication. Two solid MS media were tested (one with the BA concentration 3 mg.l -1 , the second with 5 mg.l -1 BA) and two liquid MS media with the same concentrations of BA. As the best medium for all three cultivars it turned out to be the liquid one with 5 mg/l BA. But even when this media was used the proliferation of new shoots was low. As the solution the use of fructose as source of energy and multiplication in TIS were sugested.
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Study of factors influencing efficiency of Canabis sativa transformation
Širl, Marek ; Ovesná, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Vondráková, Zuzana (referee)
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multi-use crop, able to provide fibre celulose a hurds for industrial treatment seeds for oil preparation biomass for energy conversion and produces secondary metabolites useful for pharmaceutical application. For its resistence to stress ability to accumulate high concentration of heavy metals and low cultivations demands, it can also be used for phytoextractions. Current research is focused on establishment of cultivation protocol, which allows transformation of callus cultures, and their regeneration with high efficiency. In this thesis, several varieties of hemp were transferred to in vitro conditions and were tested for their ability to form callus. The best results were achieved using the hypocotyl segments in a nutrient medium supplemented with 1 mg/L of naphtylacetic acid and one of these two synthetic cytokinins 0,5 mg/L of thidiazuron or 5 mg/L of 6-benzylaminopurine. No significant difference in the use of these two cytokinins were observed. None of the explants on four different test media for regeneration of shoots were able to succesfully regenerate. Transformation of hemp was tested using two different methods. Transformed protoplasts from hemp leafs after agroinfiltration were isolated. This method turn out to be unsuitable for use with hemp due to its...
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Utilization of biotechnological method in growing of technical hemp
Širl, Marek ; Zelenková, Sylva (advisor) ; Fischer, Lukáš (referee)
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multi-use crop, able to provide fibre celulose and hurds for industrial treatment biomass for energy conversion and produces secondary metabolites useful for pharmaceutical application. For its resistence to stress and ability to accumulate high concentration of heavy metals it can be potentialy used for phytoremediation. The aim of current research is the development of new strains, with specialy improved qualities and the enhancement of its applicability. Besides traditional breeding methods, genetic manipulation might be the possible tool. What is currently discussed is finding optimal conditions allowing efective in vitro cultivation as a basic assumption of genetic manipulation. Hemp transformation via Agrobacterium tumefaciens co-cultivation might be the appropriate technic.
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Micropropagation of Satureja Montana L.
Zunová, Tereza ; Fernández Cusimamani, Eloy (advisor) ; Michaela, Michaela (referee)
Winter savory (Satureja montana L.) is a plant occurring in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea region. For its high content of essential oils is widely used in culinary and traditional medicine.
Savory is propagated generative and vegetative. Seeds germinate slowly, and therefore, the vegetative propagation is faster, especially in in vitro conditions may be propagated a large amount of plant material in a short time.
The aim of this thesis was to investigate the growth effect of cytokinins on regeneration and growth plants from nodal segments of S. montana L.
Nodal segments were cultured on six variants of medium supplemented with 0.5; 1 and 1.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5; 1 and 1.5 mg/l kinetin (KIN). Variant without growth regulators served as a control. Culture conditions were 25/20 °C day/night, light intensity 3000 lx and daily period of 16/8 hours. After 6 weeks of measurements were evaluated parameters such as: number of shoots, plant height, the number of newly created nodes and the number and length of roots.
In respect of the coefficient of micropropagation (i.e. the number of newly created nodes on the plant) was statistically significantly best variant medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l KIN where on average create 8.88 +/- 2.87 nodes. At the height of the plant which was highest in the variant with a concentration 1.5 mg/l KIN (2.27 +/- 1.33) and the number of shoots with highest average value in a concentration 1 mg/l BAP (2.87 +/- 1.19) encore of growth regulators were not statistically proven. High concentrations of BAP and KIN inhibited the induction of roots and from variants transferred to ex vitro conditions were regenerated 46 % plants.
Adding BAP and KIN into the medium has an influence on plant regeneration of Satureja montana L.
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Micropropagation of Lippia dulcis Trev.
Zubíková, Alžběta ; Fernández Cusimamani, Eloy (advisor) ; Michaela, Michaela (referee)
Lippia dulcis Trev. (Verbenacea) is a perennial herb with a creeping stem from Central America. It is known for its healing properties for problems with the respiratory or digestive system, but also its sweet taste, which causes terpene hernandulcin because of which the leaves of Lippia dulcis Trev. are 1,000 times sweeter than sugar. Generatively, the plant reproduces by seeds and vegetatively by cuttings.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the influence of cytokinins kinetin (KIN) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) with the addition of auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on the growth and regeneration of plants from nodal segments Lippia dulcis Trev. in vitro conditions.
Nodal segments were cultured on 6-variants of MS medium supplemented with growth regulators at concentrations of 0.5; 0.75 and 1.0 mg / l BAP and KIN with combination 0.5 mg / l IAA and one variant of pure MS medium as a control. Nodal explants were cultured for 35 days (the time of subculturing) and measured every 7 days. The following parameters were evaluated: regeneration, number of shoots, length of shoots, number of nodes, number and length of roots.
The measurement results show that a combination of growth regulators auxin-cytokinin have no positive influence on the growth and regeneration Lippia dulcis Trev. in vitro conditions. The best regeneration (100%), growth (on an average length of the shoots 3.05 +- 1.42) and the highest number of newly created points (5.79 +- 2.4) occurred at the explants cultured on a clean MS medium without addition of growth regulators. Among the variant with pure MS and media variants with the addition of growth regulators are statistically significat defferences, but without a favorable influence on the development of nodal explants.
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Studium faktorů ovlivňujících mikropropagaci oskeruše (Sorbus domestica L.)
Mášlová, Tamara
This diploma thesis was elaborated on the theme "The study of factors influencing service tree (Sorbus domestica L.) micropropagation". The experiments were carried out in in vitro laboratory of the Mendeleum - Institute of Genetics and Plant Breeding of the Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice. The aim of this work was to acquire and improve the knowledge of in vitro cultivation of serviceberry and the genus Sorbus L. in general. The trees growing in experimental land of the Faculty of Horticulture MZLU in Lednice were selected as experimental material. The composition of cultivation medium was verified for plant growth and multiplication purposes. The influence of two different cytokinins BA (benzyl-adenine) and zeatin was evaluated. The shoot number and shoot length were measured. The highest multiplication rate evaluated by the origin of new formed shoots was accomplished on media supplemented with BA (0.1 mg.l-1). Nevertheless the shortest height of shoots was measured on this media. It was valid for both cytokinins that number of shoots was increasing with increasing cytokinin concentration whilst the shoot height was decreasing.
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Studium složení kultivačních médií pro množení odrůd meruněk metodou in vitro
Kadlecová, Eliška
In vitro reproduction represents a vegetative way of multiplication, in which small disinfected pieces of plant (explants) are cultivated in a nutritious medium in sterile conditions in order to gain whole new plants. This method, also called micropropagation, is often used for research purposes and more and more often for commercial applications too. This work studies nutritious media for apricots. For Prunus armeniaca cultivars best described media are for bud and embryo cultures. Many different media were tested and it was shown that every cultivar of apricot has its own requirements of nutrition and growth regulators. In this work you can find descriptions of many successfuly used media for apricots along with responses of various cultivars to them.
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In vitro cultivation possibilities of orchid Macodes petola
SVOBODOVÁ, Simona
The orchid family covers 90 percent of the rarest plants under protection all over the world. The ecological and economic value of orchids has aroused public awareness. Since vegatitve propagation methods are available, development of in vitro methods are essential for conservation and commercialization of plants. Purposes work was elaboration progress of vegetative multiplication for tropical orchid Macodes petola in conditions in vitro. At research were proof 4 methods, which distinguish in using desinfection, in operating time and in using different nutritive mediums.
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