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Preparation of hydrogels with the addition of grape pomace extract
Mojžíšek, Jan ; Veselá, Mária (referee) ; Kovalčík, Adriána (advisor)
The scope of this bachelor thesis is the preparation of hydrogels with antioxidant properties. These properties are achieved by the addition of grape pomace extract. The theoretical part of the thesis briefly summarizes the basic characteristics of the gels and describes the basic quantities in rheology. Furthermore, the classification, preparation and use of hydrogels are described. Attention is paid in particular to gels falling into the category of edible hydrogels. Information on antioxidants and matolins is also given. In the experimental part, extracts from grape pomace are characterized in terms of carbohydrate content, phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties. The extraction itself was carried out in different concentrated aqueous ethanol solutions. The extract with the highest total antioxidant activity, as determined by the ABTS method, was used for the preparation of the hydrogels. Agarose is used for the preparation of hydrogels. The change in the rheological properties of the hydrogels due to the addition of the prepared extracts was observed. The specific structures in the hydrogels were determined by FTIR.
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Adsorption of toxic metals from wastewater to waste material from the food industry
Křikala, Jakub ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis was focused on the possibility of secondary utilization of waste material from the wine industry to remove heavy metals from wastewater. In the theoretical part, there were discussed mainly the problems of heavy metals pollution including methods of their removal and ICP-OES detection. Furthermore, the waste material from the wine production and the possibilities of its further processing were discussed there. The primary objective of the experimental part was to characterize the material by IR analysis, optimization of adsorption conditions, isotherms construction and determination of maximum adsorption capacities of white, red and chemically modified marc for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb. From the parameters influencing the adsorption efficiency, the adsorbent load was optimized (m/V ratio = 0,02); pH values found were 5 for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and 3 for Cr and the contact time to reach the equilibrium was 15 minutes for Cd, Ni, Pb and 30 minutes for Cr and Cu. Maximum adsorption capacity for heavy metals were calculated from adsorption isotherms by applying the Langmuir model and found to be 18,829 7 mg/g for Cd; 10,664 7 mg/g for Ni; 35,602 0 mg/g for Pb (modified marc with 1M NaOH); 4,678 4 mg/g for Cu and 9,629 0 mg/g for Cr. The results of the work confirm the good adsorption potential of heavy metals on marc and the positive effect of chemical modification of natural biosorbents to improve their adsorption capacity.
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Study of utilization of waste material from the food industry for the removal of metals from waste waters
Křikala, Jakub ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
In this bachelor thesis is discussed the potential use of the marc from the wine production for the removal of metals from wastewaters. Marc containing stems, peels and seeds without any prior chemical treatment were homogenized and rinsed with distilled water to remove soluble impurities. IR spectrometry was used for characterization of the major functional groups responsible for the adsorption of metal ions. The experimental part of this work consisted of the assessment of the optional pH value for adsorption of copper and the maximum adsorption capacity of the used material in column and batch method. The results show that the optional pH values for adsorption of copper were in the range pH 3 – 4. Maximum adsorption capacity were calculated form adsorption isotherms by applying the Langmuir model and found to be 0,260 4 mg/g Cu at a column method and 1,246 2 mg/g Cu after 30 minutes the batch adsorption method. Further, it was experimentally demonstrated that the adsorption of copper in addition to the pH depends also on the initial copper concentration in the solution, contact time and other parameters whose optimization would achieve greater adsorption capacity of the referred material. The results indicate that the marc from the wine production have good potential form removing metals from wastewaters by adsorption.
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Vermicomposting of wine production waste
Clark, Oskar William ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Grasserová, Alena (referee)
Vermicomposting is a method of biological waste management, with the potential for valuable returns in the form of biofertilisers and savings of time and effort. These qualities make vermicomposting ideal for the processing of winery waste materials. Vermicomposting has advantages over traditional composting in terms of the speed of transformation of the input materiál, but also in terms of producing a safe fertiliser. Waste materials from the wine industry, which primarily include grape marc and winery wastewater, have several properties that can contribute to phytotoxic effects in soil. This thesis provides an overview of the management of waste materials from the wine industry, the differences between white and red wine production, and the suitability of vermicomposting for application in small- and large-scale winery waste management. The experimental part of this thesis examines the time requirement of vermicomposting to transform grape marc into a material that does not possess properties that inhibit plant growth. Experimental measurements of the relationship between vermicompost age and germination inhibition show that vermicomposting increases the pH of the substrate and stabilizes it over time. The experiment also showed that vermicompost has a statistically significant stimulatory...
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Studie technologického vybavení pro zpracování matolin ve vybraném vinařském provozu
Musil, Miroslav
The bachelor thesis describes the characteristics of wine grapes and grapes. The process of processing matolin and their possible use was described. As a basic issue was solved the technological equipment for processing of matolin, focusing on separation of grapevine seeds and subsequent pressing of oil. For each technological operation, possible variants of machines were selected. The present state of grape processing is presented both in the Czech Republic and in selected wine-growing operations. The net yield of seeds for subsequent pressing of grape oil ranges from 5 to 7% of the weight of the processed grapes. Pure grape-oil molding, ie. the amount of oil after filtration varies between about 5-9%, depending on the grape variety. of one kilogram of wine kernels can be pressed about 50-90 grams of grape oil. The cost of processing one kilogram of grape seed and pressing grape seed oil from wine grains is 26,40 CZK / kg. At the selling price of crude oil CZK 300 it is more than ten times the profit. The created design of the technological equipment for the processing of matolin is complemented by the capacities of individual machines. At the end, the cost of grape oil production and the cost of processing grapevine seeds for the medium and small vintages are calculated. The market price of the treated oil was determined on the basis of a market survey, see Tab. 5, is about 1300 CZK / kg. It is necessary to take into account that the price already reflects the final adjustments like, directing, producer's profit, dealer's sales margin, marketing costs and more. The selected winemaking enterprise has a gross profit of CZK 385,000. The investment costs for the assembly line for the processing of matolin are CZK 850,000. The return on investment is 2.2 years. It was recommended to separate the grapevine seeds and press the grape oil. For a small winery, the gross profit is CZK 139,000. The investment costs for the assembly of the processing line for matolin (about 1/3 times less than for the medium wine-growing enterprise) are CZK 570,000. The return on investment is 4.1 years. Rather, it was not recommended to separate the grapevine and grape seed.
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Preparation of hydrogels with the addition of grape pomace extract
Mojžíšek, Jan ; Veselá, Mária (referee) ; Kovalčík, Adriána (advisor)
The scope of this bachelor thesis is the preparation of hydrogels with antioxidant properties. These properties are achieved by the addition of grape pomace extract. The theoretical part of the thesis briefly summarizes the basic characteristics of the gels and describes the basic quantities in rheology. Furthermore, the classification, preparation and use of hydrogels are described. Attention is paid in particular to gels falling into the category of edible hydrogels. Information on antioxidants and matolins is also given. In the experimental part, extracts from grape pomace are characterized in terms of carbohydrate content, phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties. The extraction itself was carried out in different concentrated aqueous ethanol solutions. The extract with the highest total antioxidant activity, as determined by the ABTS method, was used for the preparation of the hydrogels. Agarose is used for the preparation of hydrogels. The change in the rheological properties of the hydrogels due to the addition of the prepared extracts was observed. The specific structures in the hydrogels were determined by FTIR.
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Analýza využití matoliny pro separaci semen a energetické účely
Ludín, David
Empirical measurements took place in years 2013 until 2015 at grape marc samples from viniculture subjects in the wine-growing area Morava. The results of this paper are divided into two main parts grapevine seed separation from grape marc and grape marc usage for energy purposes. Efficiency evaluation of the separation process was implemented primarily empirically in laboratory conditions by means of a net with defined-sized loops. Subsequently, the efficiency was confirmed on a prototype of a vibrating sifting device. From obtained results follows, in dependence on the cultivar the separation efficiency varies between 58,35 until 94,12 %, while seed yield is 6,00 until 49,71 %. An interesting area of grape seed usage is bioenergetics. Therefore there was implemented a wide range of calorimetrical measurements of combustion heat and caloric power of grape marc in its original state, grape marc after seed separation (assumption of oil pressing usage), and seeds in themselves. The results indicate the heating power varies between 18,61 until 21,14 MJ/kg. The highest heating power values were stated by seeds and grape marc in its original state. It could be presumed, the main reason is rather high oil component in grapevine seeds. Moreover, the measurement set was supplemented by results focused on grape marc usage for pellet production. As the input materials different proportions of dried grape marc combined with wine shoots and hay were used. From the measured values follows, that the highest heating power (19,22 MJ/kg) was obtained from pellets composited from 60 % grape marc, 20 % wine shoots, and 20 % hay. Their apparent density is 630,9 kg.m-3. The produced pellets correspond with the norm CSN EN 15210 2 from the point of view of mechanical ruggedness. The results of this paper were as well extended by a set of model calculation of operating expenses when producing pellets in defined conditions, which vary between CZK 3,59 until 3,92 per 1 kilogram.
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Možnosti využití odpadních produktů z vinařské produkce při kompostování
Janás, Pavel
Main emphasis of the presented diploma thesis is given on processing of biodegradable materials originating from agricultural production and particulary on composting of grapewine pomaces. Introductory part of the thesis reviews current trends of biodegradable waste products processing. Main goal of the experimental part is to assess prospects of composting pomaces in viticultural practice. Regular screening of composting proces for selected parameters (moisture, temperature) in variantly differnt experimental compost piles was performed in frame of the experimental procedure. Obtained data was evaluated and conclusion for application in user practice was formulated.
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Hodnocení parametrů kompostovacího procesu při kompostování matolin
Čížková, Alice
This master's thesis deals with the issue of the treatment of grape marcs and other biodegradable wastes originating in agricultural activities as suitable raw materials for composting. In the literary part are described the individual input raw materials and the composting process. The basis for the experimental part was the proposing of four variants of recipes with different proportions of grape marcs and their subsequent verification in composting practice. At the same time, both of survey in the areas under cultivation and a balance of biodegradable waste generated at the Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno were conducted. From the information obtained, the size of the area needed for setting up an experimental composting plant was calculated and the costs of production of 1 tonne of compost was determined.
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Adsorption of toxic metals from wastewater to waste material from the food industry
Křikala, Jakub ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis was focused on the possibility of secondary utilization of waste material from the wine industry to remove heavy metals from wastewater. In the theoretical part, there were discussed mainly the problems of heavy metals pollution including methods of their removal and ICP-OES detection. Furthermore, the waste material from the wine production and the possibilities of its further processing were discussed there. The primary objective of the experimental part was to characterize the material by IR analysis, optimization of adsorption conditions, isotherms construction and determination of maximum adsorption capacities of white, red and chemically modified marc for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb. From the parameters influencing the adsorption efficiency, the adsorbent load was optimized (m/V ratio = 0,02); pH values found were 5 for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and 3 for Cr and the contact time to reach the equilibrium was 15 minutes for Cd, Ni, Pb and 30 minutes for Cr and Cu. Maximum adsorption capacity for heavy metals were calculated from adsorption isotherms by applying the Langmuir model and found to be 18,829 7 mg/g for Cd; 10,664 7 mg/g for Ni; 35,602 0 mg/g for Pb (modified marc with 1M NaOH); 4,678 4 mg/g for Cu and 9,629 0 mg/g for Cr. The results of the work confirm the good adsorption potential of heavy metals on marc and the positive effect of chemical modification of natural biosorbents to improve their adsorption capacity.
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