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Evolution of markups: The case of the Czech Republic
Jurišta, Jakub ; Bajgar, Matěj (advisor) ; Petřík, Theodor (referee)
This thesis aims to state the picture of markups in the Czech Republic. Most of the research has been done in the United States, and many remaining studies have been done globally. However, global studies do not have high-quality data to determine the actual trend in some countries. The main finding is that the mean markup increases over time, where the main drivers of it are the upper percentile firms, which see a significant increase in their markups. Therefore, most firms see no increase in their markups. The trend is also claimed to be within all industries, not between them. We use high-quality data which covers all firms in the Czech Republic. Using the production approach, we estimate markups for 55 869 firms from 74 industries from 2012 to 2020. The goal is to show markups on three different levels and to see if the defined trend corresponds to the Czech one. This thesis is one of the first studies using high-quality data outside the United States, and to have an overview of an actual markup trend in Europe, more studies like this should be done in other countries. JEL Classification D21, D23, L10, L11, L22 Keywords markups, production approach, competition, market power Title Evolution of markups: The case of the Czech Republic Author's e-mail jakub.jurista@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail...
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Measuring Market Power: The Czech Market of Mobile Operators
Kolomazníková, Barbora ; Koubek, Ivo (advisor) ; Hayat, Arshad (referee)
The main focus of the thesis is the measurement of market power. Since market power is a determinant of the degree of competition, its measurement is the key feature of competition policy. We present various methods for assessing market power. One of the most famous ones are Lerner index and Herfindahl-Hirschman index, both of which belong to SCP paradigm. Another group of measures are the NEIO models, which provide the empirical analysis of relevant markets. For the estimation of market power, we have chosen the czech market of mobile oper- ators. We examine the three largest operators (i.e. O2, T-Mobile and Vodafone) in the period 2000-2013. Firstly, the model of Röller and Parker (1997) is used to identify the market's structure. Secondly, we employ the Appelbaum's (1982) industry-level measure to estimate market power. Keywords: market power, market structure, Lerner index, competition, industrial orga- nization, mobile operator, telecommunications Supervisor's e-mail address: koubek@fsv.cuni.cz Author's e-mail address: barbora.kolomaznikova@centrum.cz 1
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Consequences of liberalization of electricity market
Kalabiška, Roman ; Polák, Petr (advisor) ; Valíčková, Petra (referee)
This thesis examines the impacts of liberalization of electricity market. The first part of this work provides theoretical overview of the liberalization process and electricity market design in Czech Republic. To understand how the european wholesale markets are integrated, I have performed correlation analysis of daily spot prices on selected power exchanges. On the basic of this analysis I confirmed that selected power exchanges are on different levels of integration and have higher dependency on regional level. The second part of the empirical part is focused on the impact of competition on czech retail market. The objective was to show that liberalization and following increase of competition in electricity market result into decrease of retailers' gross profit margins in the segment of housholds with ordinary consumption. The last part of this work is focused on the measurement of market power using the most famous methods of measuring market power, such as Lerner index and Herfindahl-Hirschman index. My calculations indicate that while market concentration has decreased in the long run, since 2012 it is slightly increasing. I have also learned that selected retailers are on similar level of market power. This work fills the gap in literature focusing on the issue of measuring market power...
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Application of competition law on the markets with multisided platforms
Mikeš, Stanislav ; Černá, Stanislava (advisor) ; Horáček, Tomáš (referee)
1 Application of competition law on the markets with multisided platforms Abstract This rigorous thesis deals with a phenomenon of multisided platforms from the competition law perspective with a special focus on online multisided platforms. A notion of multisided platforms is explained in the thesis as well as its implications for the competition law. It is then examined how a market structure of a multisided platform influences a process of delimitation of a relevant market and assessment of a market power as two basic pillars of every competition law analysis. Theoretical findings are then confronted with a selected decision-making practice of EU and national competition authorities dealing with the phenomenon of multisided platforms. The thesis is structured into four main chapters. Chapter One contains a brief introduction into the subject-matter and sets out goals of this thesis which are to present the phenomenon of multisided platforms, explore its specifics and show how the methods of competition law analysis needs to be adapted in other to correctly assess all the specifics of the multisided platforms. Chapter Two presents various definitions of multisided platforms in academic literature. Potential categories of multisided platforms are presented in this chapter. The notion of multisided...
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Consequences of liberalization of electricity market
Kalabiška, Roman ; Polák, Petr (advisor) ; Valíčková, Petra (referee)
This thesis examines the impacts of liberalization of electricity market. The first part of this work provides theoretical overview of the liberalization process and electricity market design in Czech Republic. To understand how the european wholesale markets are integrated, I have performed correlation analysis of daily spot prices on selected power exchanges. On the basic of this analysis I confirmed that selected power exchanges are on different levels of integration and have higher dependency on regional level. The second part of the empirical part is focused on the impact of competition on czech retail market. The objective was to show that liberalization and following increase of competition in electricity market result into decrease of retailers' gross profit margins in the segment of housholds with ordinary consumption. The last part of this work is focused on the measurement of market power using the most famous methods of measuring market power, such as Lerner index and Herfindahl-Hirschman index. My calculations indicate that while market concentration has decreased in the long run, since 2012 it is slightly increasing. I have also learned that selected retailers are on similar level of market power. This work fills the gap in literature focusing on the issue of measuring market power...
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Measuring Market Power: The Czech Market of Mobile Operators
Kolomazníková, Barbora ; Koubek, Ivo (advisor) ; Hayat, Arshad (referee)
The main focus of the thesis is the measurement of market power. Since market power is a determinant of the degree of competition, its measurement is the key feature of competition policy. We present various methods for assessing market power. One of the most famous ones are Lerner index and Herfindahl-Hirschman index, both of which belong to SCP paradigm. Another group of measures are the NEIO models, which provide the empirical analysis of relevant markets. For the estimation of market power, we have chosen the czech market of mobile oper- ators. We examine the three largest operators (i.e. O2, T-Mobile and Vodafone) in the period 2000-2013. Firstly, the model of Röller and Parker (1997) is used to identify the market's structure. Secondly, we employ the Appelbaum's (1982) industry-level measure to estimate market power. Keywords: market power, market structure, Lerner index, competition, industrial orga- nization, mobile operator, telecommunications Supervisor's e-mail address: koubek@fsv.cuni.cz Author's e-mail address: barbora.kolomaznikova@centrum.cz 1
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Selected aspects of the retail supplier-purchaser relations
Vejnarová, Alena ; Drozen, František (advisor) ; Šípek, Ladislav (referee)
The Diploma thesis ,Selected aspects of the retail supplier-purchaser relations' defines British grocery retailing. It presents government bodies which regulate retail industry and important independent not-for-profit organizations which have a strong influence on the market situation. It introduces the reader into legislation which regulates supplier-purchaser relations, particularly the Supermarket Code of Practice and its revised version the Groceries Supply Code of Practice. The analytical part examines the British market at the macroeconomical level, outlines the grocery retailing structure, describes the supply chain, customer behaviour, points out certain pricing and product policy trends and presents subjects which are bonded by the provisions set out in the Groceries Supply Code of Practice. The findings on local market competition and barriers which prevent the entry by a competitor are of a high significance as well. Despite the introduction of legal regulation the supplier-purchaser relations remain unequal and unfair. The thesis proposes a forecast of possible future grocery market development in the United Kingdom.
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The mergers of breweries and their influence on the prices of beer and the market stucture in the Czech Republic
Matej, Vlastimil ; Gráf, Václav (advisor) ; Loužek, Marek (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to analyse an influence of breweries' mergers on the price of beer and the market structure in the Czech Republic. This paper is focused on the development of market structure at the market of bottled beer and keg-beer in the last 20 years. Both markets has noticed strong rise of market concentration so far. The biggest brewing companies either with Czech or with foreign capital participation are also introduced here. In the part dedicated to the influence of breweries' mergers on the price of beer there is a summary showing price development of some Czech bottled and keg-beer. Connecting of the breweries and their influence on the extensity of offered beer are assessed on the examples of Heineken Czech Republic Group and K Brewery Group. On the total analysis of the ROA and ROS ratios it is possible to see significant differences depending on the size of the company. The last part of this paper demonstrates a tax advantage of the small breweries.
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