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Experimental model of the ventral spinal cord lesion in rats.
Štěpánková, Kateřina ; Machová Urdzíková, Lucia (advisor) ; Martončíková, Marcela (referee)
A spinal cord injury (SCI) is a damage to the spinal cord that causes permanent or temporary changes in motor and sensory functions. In humans, the traumatic impact to spinal cord is mostly directed from the ventral part of the spinal column, even though SCI models are principally directed from the dorsal part of the spinal column due to easier surgery. The aim of the work described in this thesis was to develop clinically more relevant, easily reproducible and relatively inexpensive model of the ventral spinal cord lesion in rats which replicates SCI in humans as closely as possible by its pathology, completeness, level and regeneration. For the surgery we used a modification of a balloon- compression technique. The balloon of the 2F embolectomy Fogarty's catheter was placed to the anterior epidural space via laminectomy at the level of T10 and when the final position of the catheter was achieved at the spinal level T8 in front of the anterior median fissure, a balloon was rapidly inflated with 10 μl or 15 μl of water for 5 minutes. Other two groups - laminectomy only and ventral placement of the catheter without inflation were used as controls. The motor functions were evaluated by the BBB test and ladder walking test. In BBB test we observed significantly impaired motor functions in the 15 μl...
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Effect of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells secretome in the treatment of rat spinal cord injury
Jančová, Pavlína ; Chudíčková, Milada (advisor) ; Grobárová, Valéria (referee)
As previously shown, transplantation of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the experimental model of spinal cord injury leads to the motor and sensory functions improvement, supports neuroregeneration, angiogenesis and provides immunomodulation. On the other hand, these cells have limited migration and survival capacity, and their therapeutic effect is mediated mostly by their secretome. Therefore, application of mesenchymal stem cells derived conditioned medium is studied as an alternative option for cell therapy. In this thesis, therapeutic effect of repeated intrathecal delivery of human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their conditioned media in the treatment of spinal cord injury was compared. After induction of a balloon ischemic compression lesion, stem cells or conditioned media were administered weekly in three doses. Behavioral analyses were carried out up to nine weeks after spinal cord injury and revealed significant improvement of both treated groups compared to the untreated saline control. Application of stem cells and conditioned media also resulted in a higher amount of spared tissue and enhanced expression of genes related to neuroregeneration, although the size of glial scar was not reduced. Compared to application of stem cells, application of...
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Mesenchymal stromal cells and biological scaffolds for neural tissue regeneration
Kočí, Zuzana ; Kubinová, Šárka (advisor) ; Filová, Eva (referee) ; Zach, Petr (referee)
Despite tremendous progress in medicine, injuries of the adult central neural system remain without satisfactory solution. Regenerative medicine employs tissue engineering, cellular therapies, medical devices, gene therapy, or growth factors with the aim to bridge the lesion, re-establish lost connections and enhance endogenous repair in order to restore neural function. The aim of my thesis was to evaluate therapeutic potential of two approaches, transplantation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and biological scaffolds derived from extracellular matrix (ECM) for neural regeneration, particularly in models of spinal cord injury (SCI). First, hMSCs from various sources - bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT) and Wharton's jelly (WJ) - were isolated and characterized in vitro. All cell types met the minimal criteria for MSC phenotype and displayed similar properties in terms of their surface marker expression, differentiation potential, migratory capacity, and secretion of cytokines and growth factors. On the other hand, the cell yield from WJ and AT was significantly higher, and MSCs isolated from these tissues proliferated better than from BM. Therapeutic effect of intrathecal application of hWJ-MSCs was then evaluated in SCI compression model in rats. The effect of low (0.5 million) and...
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Neurophysiology of the urinary system after spinal cord injury.
Štěpánková, Kateřina ; Machová Urdzíková, Lucia (advisor) ; Horníková, Daniela (referee)
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that is a result of trauma generated by traffic accident, violence or falling. However, SCI may not only be caused by trauma, but also by other diseases such as - virus infection, tumors etc.. Any SCI affects the ability of the spinal cord to transmit and receive information and their further processesing. The spinal cord injury itself is followed by other complications that seriously impair the quality of life of the patients. One of the main problems is the dysfunction of the urinary system, which then does not work properly, thereby make patient's life dificult on the health and social side. The aim of this thesis is to summarize pathophysiological consequences of SCI on urinary tract dysfunction. Keywords: neurophysiology, spinal cord injury, paraplegia, urinary tract
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Behavioral testing of animals after experimental spinal cord injury.
Freislebenová, Hana ; Machová Urdzíková, Lucia (advisor) ; Kriška, Ján (referee)
Spinal cord injury is one of the most serious injury that leads to a decrease in the quality of life both physically and mentally. Although there is currently no effective treatment, great efforts are being made to develop new treatments. The effectiveness of experimental treatment is verified by behavioral tests performed on animal models, where rats are the most suitable ones for this type of injury. Behavioral tests are divided into several groups depending on what the testing is focused on. Locomotor tests examine the function of a locomotive apparatus, motor tests are used to determine the function of skeletal muscles not primarily involved in locomotion, sensory and motor tests test the functionality of sensory and motor apparatus and their interconnection, sensory tests are designed to test responses to sensory stimuli. Electrophysiological tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging are part of a series of special tests that use artificially induced electrical stimuli to measure muscle activity. This thesis is focused on detailed description of selected behavioral tests, their functionality and comparison of their advantages and disadvantages.
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The use of induced pluripotent stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury and ALS.
Gajdoš, Roman ; Jendelová, Pavla (advisor) ; Vargová, Lýdia (referee)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a new phenomenon of regenerative medicine. It is obvious that they share some common characteristics with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) such as stemness potential, self-renewal p., differentiation p. iPSCs retain their epigenetic memory, allowing becoming patient-specific and so it is not necessary to apply immunosuppressants. The use of ESCs is controversial, because their acquisition is associated with embryo destruction. As a cell source for iPSCs derivation we can use any somatic cells, however, fibroblasts are preferably used due to their easy availability. With transcriptional reprogramming cocktail (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c- MYC / OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, LIN28) we can obtain required iPSCs line, which is then further differentiated into neural precursors (NPCs). These cells can be grafted into lesion site, where they can facilitate regeneration by several mechanisms (cell replacement, protective effect, facilitation the expression of trophic factors). Nevertheless, here we are still dealing with the risk of tumorogenesis or low cell derivation efficiency that limits the use of iPSCs in clinical practice. In this thesis we will therefore mainly focus on the therapeutic potential of iPSCs in preclinical studies, their use in the treatment of...
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Stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury
Juříková, Tereza ; Jendelová, Pavla (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
Stem cells are unique thanks to their ability to differentiate into all cell types and self-renewal. They can be used for repairing and functional recovery of various tissues and organs. Regenerative medicine, progressive medical field, use these properties to give a chance to patients with yet incurable health complitations. These include spinal cord injury, which results in huge demyelination and disorders in neurological function. Mesenchymal stem cells contribute to recovery of damaged tissue thanks to its immunomodulatory abilities and production of a number of growth factors. Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into the functional nerve cells, however its use is connected with the posibility of tumorigenesis and also ethical problems. Promising results gives a combinatorial treatment using biomaterials as scaffolds for cells or growth factors. The knowledge of genetic modification of cells will be used in the future. The aim of this thesis is to sumarise current knowledge of the spinal cord treatment with emphasis on tissue specific stem cells. Key words: stem cells - spinal cord injury - tissue recovery - biomaterials
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The Impact of Erigo Robotic System Therapy in Patients after Spinal Cord Injury
Tůmová, Kateřina ; Pětioký, Jakub (advisor) ; Janatová, Markéta (referee)
The Impact of Erigo Robotic System Therapy in Patients After Spinal Cord Injury Abstract: This bachelor thesis aims to shed light on the effects of Erigo robotic system therapy in patients after spinal cord injury. Currently, careful attention is devoted to research seeking new ways to cure or treat spinal cord injury. Even though we are just beginning to understand neuroregeneration processes, new rehabilitation robotic systems and devices are gradually starting to occupy a significant role especially in early rehabilitation after spinal cord injury. The first part of this thesis describes spinal cord injuries with a focus on health implications and complications the injured person has to come to terms with. Employing robot-assisted therapy in early rehabilitation stages can prevent a number of problems. By doing so, such therapy can improve the patients' functional condition, self-reliance their recovery and return to ordinary life. The use of robotic systems is becoming a standard in many rehabilitation facilities. This bachelor thesis will focus on the frequently used Erigo robotic system and on evaluating the effects of Erigo therapy. The thesis will describe the functions of the Erigo and its advantages. Moreover, several aspects of focus and evaluation criteria will be identified. These aspects will...
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Rehabilitation after spinal cord lesion in the thoracic and lumbar spine
MORAVCOVÁ, Miluše
Spinal lesis means complete or partial damage of spinal cord because of injury. At about 15-20% of patients damage their spine in one go with spinal cord. Spinal cord injury brings negative changes which influence not only the patients themselves but also their families. The aim of this work was to map the whole new situation of patients with spinal injury in chest and loins parts who underwent the complete rehabilitation. The main aim was to describe working situation, the possibilities of living and commuting. Qualitative searching was used for the work. Collecting the dates was done by dialogues and study. There were 6 people. The questions were focused on general but very important information which influence the process of resocialisation. The results of work enabled to look into new life of clients after spinal lesis.
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