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Healthy lifestyle parameters assessment in patients with type 2 diabetes mallitus and fatty liver
Halámková, Veronika ; Dvořák, Karel (advisor) ; Šmíd, Václav (referee)
This bachelor thesis assessed several parameters of healthy lifestyle and potential liver steatosis presence in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. In the first part there are descriptions of liver, pancreas, diabetes mellitus type 2, metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Further there is a characterisation of Mediterranean diet with its main features and health effects. Practical part is dealing with a questionnaire survey in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 referred to abdominal ultrasound examination. There were 19 questions focused on healthy lifestyle (consummation of vegetables, fruits, fish, use of olive oil, drinking tea or coffee, eating of sweets, and drinking of alcohol) and questions assessing knowledge of the Mediterranean diet, physical activity, duration of diabetes, family history of diseases of affluence and hepatoprotective medication use. Age, gender and basic anthropometric data and result of sonographic examination for presence of liver steatosis were recorded. A total of 92 patients (71 men / 21 women) average age 65 years. Liver steatosis was diagnosed in 88% of patients. Knowledge of the Mediterranean diet was low (20% of respondents). Healthy lifestyle adherence was according to provided answers also unsatisfactory, despite the fact,...
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Vplyv vybraných endokrinných disruptorov na metabolismus lipidov v pečeňových bunkových modeloch
Konopová, Veronika
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs) are exogenous compounds that interfere with the endocrine system and consequently elicit toxic outcomes. One of their possible consequences in the organism is their negative impact on metabolic processes linked with development of metabolic diseases, including liver steatosis. In this research area, it is important to develop suitable in vitro cellular models. In this thesis, we evaluated the possibility of using of cell model of immortalized human hepatocytes, MIHA cell line, for detection of activation of nuclear receptors, PXR, LXRa a PPARa, which might be targeted by some EDC. We studied in particular the induction of expression of target genes of these receptors, CYP3A4, SCD, PDK4, CPTT1A, with the aim to compare the sensitivity of MIHA cells with a commonly used of liver cells, HepaRG cell line. The results showed that although some EDC (or model ligands of nuclear receptors) may induce the expression of target genes of nuclear receptors in MIHA cells, in general, this cell model appears to be less suitable for studying the impact of EDC than HepaRG cell line. The MIHA cell line, though, allows to study the compounds activating PPARa, which is an important regulator of metabolism of fatty acids in the liver tissue.
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Histological image of healthy liver and comparison with liver steatosis and cirrhosis.
Čulíková, KIára ; Svobodová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Němečková, Ivana (referee)
The liver is a very important parenchymatous organ for humans. Their function can be impaired by various influences. Common noxins include hepatotropic viruses and other microorganisms, alcohol and other toxins, including drugs, metabolic disorders, biliary obstruction, tumors, genetic abnormalities, and others. The work focuses on the comparison of histological images and clinical diagnosis of healthy individuals with steatosis and cirrhosis. The theoretical part describes the anatomy, physiology and histology of the liver with the perihepatic area. The next chapters focus on the clinic of steatosis and cirrhosis. The practical part describes the procedures for the preparation of healthy and affected liver preparations, as well as the histological methods used for staining individual cell structures. The result of comparing diagnoses of histological specimens and clinical diagnoses of individuals is 94.23 % agreement. Although the found discrepancy of diagnoses is small (5.77 %), it is a reason to think about the development and use of new or modified methods, including the creation of various calculators, including clinical data. Key words: histology, liver, steatosis, cirrhosis
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