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Let's meet in the littoral: Diversity of symbiosis in the Verrucariaceae lichens
Schmidtová, Jana ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor) ; Peksa, Ondřej (referee)
Lichens are organisms formed by several symbiotic partners, most importantly a fungus (mycobiont) and an alga or cyanobacteria (photobiont). Although most lichens are terrestrial, some can be found also in aquatic environments. Black crustose lichens from the family Verrucariaceae (Verrucariales, Eurotiomycetes, Ascomycota) were able to adapt to this environment very well and often dominate in the seashore near fluctuating water level. The ability of these lichens to inhabit various environments is associated with their unusually wide range of photobionts. However, this symbiont is not known to most of them. This work investigates the diversity of lichens of the family Verrucariaceae in the littoral zone of the Baltic and the North Sea coasts, the relationships between symbionts and the connection between lichen diversity and the salinity gradient. Using metabarcoding, the diversity of free-living algae in the vicinity of the studied lichens is determined and the symbiotic algae are compared with the photobionts found in the lichens. Mycobionts and photobionts were identified using ITS and 18S rDNA. A total of nine lineages of mycobionts and photobionts were found. The most common lichen turned out to be the species Hydropunctaria maura with its photobiont Pseudendoclonium submarinum. For several...
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Diversity of zooplankton of Tatras lakes in space and time
Čablová, Radka ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Šorf, Michal (referee)
This thesis is the first of its kind that evaluates the species composition, species richness and species abundance of zooplankton in littoral samples of 90 Tatras lakes (Western and High Tatras of Slovakia and Poland) collected in September 2004 in the context of environmental parameters of lakes and spatial relationships of individual lakes. The most frequently occurring species in the Tatras lakes in 2004 were also evaluated in terms of their occurrence in the lakes a century ago (Minkiewicz 1914, 1917 and Lityński 1913, 1917), during the period of acidification (Ertl & Vranovský 1964, Ertl et al. 1965, Hrbáček et al. 1974, Stuchlík et al. 1985) and during the period of recovery of the lakes from acidification (Hořická et al. 2006, Sacherová et al. 2006). Relationships between variables were analysed using Poisson regression, cluster analysis with multinomial regression, canonical correspondence analysis, Mantel tests and multiple negative binomial regression. Using analyses, lakes were divided into four clusters (A, B, C, D). Each cluster consisted of lakes with the same environmental and spatial factors and similar species composition. Thirteen zooplankton species (Acanthocyclops vernalis, Acroperus harpae, Alona affinis, Arctodiaptomus alpinus, Ceriodaphnia quadrangula, Cyclops abyssorum...
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Macrophytes of fishponds in agricultural landscape of selected part of Novohradské hory foothills
SOUKUP, Tomáš
Cílem terénní diplomové práce bylo určování a posouzení diverzity vodních a mokřadních druhů rostlin (makrofyt) v 46 sledovaných vodních nádržích v povodí řeky Vltavy a Malše. Vlastní botanický průzkum probíhal v podhůří Novohradských hor a zaobíral se druhovou identifikací vyšších rostlin ve vymezeném území vodních nádrží, pro které byla současně stanovena i listová pokryvnost dle Braun-Blanquetovy stupnice modifikace Westhoff & van der Makrel. Sběr druhových dat a definování listové plochy probíhalo vždy jen na úrovni vodního ekosystému s členěním na jednotlivé polygony (litorály) s charakteristickými stanovištními společenstvy. Získaná data se následně vizualizovala v mapách a tabulkách druhového zastoupení s přidělenou pokryvností. Z environmentálních ukazatelů se hodnotil obsah dodatkových živin v nádrži, velikost rybí obsádky, chov kachen, charakter a mocnost sedimentů, vodní stav, převažující zemědělské využití půdy v blízkém okolí, rozloha vodní plochy a hlavní spádové povodí dané oblasti. Zmíněné ukazatele (podmínky) se zaznamenávaly pro každou vodní nádrž a staly se podkladem pro další statistické hodnocení mokřadního ekosystému. Diplomová práce se skládá ze dvou částí - rešeršního zpracování problematiky rybničního hospodaření s dopady na doprovodnou vodní vegetaci a statistického vyhodnocení identifikovaných údajů. Ze sumarizovaných statistických dat vzešla skutečnost zvýšené diverzity druhů v povodí řeky Vltavy u částečně letněných rybochovných nádrží. Mapování a sběr botanických vzorků proběhl ve vegetační sezóně 2015, v období od konce měsíce května do začátku měsíce srpna.
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Should there be fishes in the water? - Ecological Educational program on the importance of water bodies without fish
BEČKOVÁ, Andrea
Water reservoir can be found anywhere in the nature. Small ponds without fish are difficult to be found. Biology students, members of biologically interested societies or wider public who is interested in environment can benefit out of these waters to learn more about relations between particular species, water and littoral plants and interactions between ranges of organisms. Fishing and fish farming do not have negligible impact on nutrition and relaxation of humans, but also they do not have negligible impact on life in waters Nowadays, the overly extended fish population is becoming the main problem that is causing fis predation which decimates pond environment. Fishless ponds are very important to provide environment for other aquatic insects and other organisms. It would be beneficial to devote more attention to the fresh water organisms at the school education through education programs or interest workshops and to have sufficient amount of suitable education resources. In this thesis, I describe relationships between organisms in fresh water reservoir, their relations with surroundings, which factors are influencing them and have impact on their occurrence.
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Diverzita obojživelníků (Amphibia) a jejich antropogenní ovlivnění v národním parku Podyjí
Bohuslavová, Markéta
The thesis focuses on amphibian species diversity in the National Park Podyjí. There were chosen four areas with various anthropogenic loads, on which monitoring was being regularly performed. Those areas were specifically ponds; Čížovský, Dehťák, under Lesná and a swimming hole called Na Pyramidě. To achieve a numerical representation along with a representation of species, invasive and non-invasive monitoring methods were used. During the research, eight different species were detected, even though there were eleven of them founded in the past. Among the most abundant species is the Common toad, the Agile frog, the Common frog, the Northern crested newt and the Smooth newt. Surprisingly, the presence and successful reproduction of northern crested newts was proved in the pond under Lesná, on the other hand, there were no signs of moor frogs or any other common water frogs. The collected data were afterwards used to calculate synecological characteristics (dominance, species diversity, equitability and the Jaccard similarity coefficient), while the achieved results were compared with the other authors and evaluated in terms of anthropogenic influence. The amphibians in the national park are threatened by a high fish stock and the absence of littoral vegetation. Recommended management within the areas would be to catch and then deploy the appropriate species of fish, as the case may be, build barriers and create the littoral zone.
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Monitoring of Duchcov selected ponds - riparian vegetation
Kotlanová, Jaroslava ; Pecharová, Emilie (advisor) ; Markéta, Markéta (referee)
The aim of this study was to conduct a site inventory survey of littoral vegetation and propose management measures to protect macrophytic vegetation. For this reason, a list of species of riparian vegetation found on the site has been made. According the processed pictures of macrophytic species we defined communities occurring in the area of interest which were drawn into the maps. The occurrence of the endangered and exotic species has been also monitored.
The monitoring was carried out on the territory of the ponds ofthe local organization of the Czech Fishing Union Duchcov. This site is located in Podkrušnohorská basin, which is struggling with the environmental load resulting from the brown coal mining. The results were compared with similar work from other locations. The reason was to assess biodiversity in the area of the interest. The created maps of littoral communities have been confronted with the maps of habitat processed by The Agency for Nature Conservation and Landscape protection.
The results of this study can report on the status of littoral vegetation in the area of interest and serve as the basis for further monitoring, enabling to asses long-term changes in the ecological stability of the region. The results may also assist the future strategic management measurement plan.
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Interannual variability of littoral age 0+ fish in the canyon-shaped reservoir
VESELÝ, Lukáš
0+ fish communities of the littoral zone were sampled in the Římov Reservoir within the years 2007-2011. The goal of the thesis among other things was monitoring 0+ fish during five years in littoral habitats of Římov reservoir depending on year-class strength environmental factors, etc., and also find general distribution model, which can explain spatial distribution of juvenile fish in canyon-shaped reservoir. Results of this thesis could be used for another reservoirs which coincide with environmental condition of Římov reservoir.
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Diversity of fishpond zooplankton in Javořice highlands region
IŠTOK, Tomáš
It studied the species composition of pond zooplankton selected pond in Javořická highlands, near Nová Bystřice and Slavonice. Sampling was pelagial and at selected locations and littoral ponds. When selecting sites sampled, the emphasis was on the selection of sites with historical, expected or actual occurrence Heterocope saliens that occurs on sites with ponds and bogs around the aquatic environment with lower pH. These sites are usually extensively farmed. Found 69 species (24 Cladocera, 15 Copepoda, 30 Rotatoria). Confirmed the hypothesis that the greatest variety of species of zooplankton found at mesotrophic sites with moderate fisheries management.
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Cladocerans and copepodans biodiversity in Naděje fishponds systém.
KOSÍK, Miroslav
Biodiversity of planktonic crustaceans, cladocerans and copepodans in southbohemian Naděje fishponds system were studied. Both fishpond and non-fishpond (pools, canals, sand-pits, river) localities were observed. Samples were taken from pelagic and littoral zones. Total of 21 species of copepodans and 44 species of cladocerans were recorded over whole area. Hypothesis {\clq}qA higher fish management intensity and higher fish stock cause a lower diversity of zooplankton in a pelagic zone`` was proven. Suppressed species are able to survive in a smaller space (littoral zones, pools, canals, fishponds with a lower fish stock and other non-fishpond localities), where predation pressure is not so strong. None or mild decline of a species diversity can be observed in large areas rich in different water ecosystems, with a reasonable management and production intensity. Different methods of sampling were also compared, those of {\clq}qprolovení litorálních partií`` proved good with the view of effectiveness.
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