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Human FADS genes and their adaptive evolution
Motysová, Natalia ; Priehodová, Edita (advisor) ; Kulichová, Iva (referee)
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are one of the key elements that help maintain the optimal health of our organism. Our body is unable to synthesize them de novo, thus we need to synthesize them using various enzymes including desaturases from the diet's precursors. The FADS1 and FADS2 genes encode Δ5D (FADS1) and Δ6D (FADS2) desaturases, which catalyse the desaturation steps of LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Within the FADS gene region, different genetic variants affecting desaturase activity have been identified, one example being single nucleotide mutations forming two haplotypes A (ancestral) and D (derived), a classification later redefined to haplogroup A and D. The activity of Δ5D and Δ6D fatty acid desaturases are influenced by the haplogroup. Individuals with haplogroup D show a higher level of FADS1 gene expression and haplogroup D is also associated with a more efficient conversion of 18-carbon PUFAs to LC-PUFAs. However, this feature varies across populations. Different types of environments require diverse adaptations, and it is adaptation to diet that is very evident in the FADS gene cluster. Higher FADS1 expression and more efficient conversion of 18-carbon PUFAs to LC-PUFAs will be favored in environments with reduced availability of these acids (Africa, India). On the...
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Závislost obsahu vybraných vitaminů v rostlinách "microgreens" na podmínkách pěstování
HRBOVÁ, Gabriela
The aim of the work is to summarize the current knowledge about microgreens. From a nutritional point of view, they contain a higher concentration of vitamins, minerals, etc., compared to adult plant forms. The method of cultivation affects the content of the mentioned substances, which this work will also deal with. The disadvantage of microgreens is their low durability. Currently, research is being conducted focused on the possibilities of extending their shelf life through specific storage conditions or encapsulation.
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Risk of Presence of Fine and Ultrafine Particles at Work Place of Specific Industry
Hájková, Alena ; Skřehot, Petr Adolf (referee) ; Martincová, Jana Victoria (advisor)
Submitted Master’s thesis deals with risks of fine and ultrafine particles occurrence in the industrial workplace area of automotive production. The introductory part has been analyzing the contemporary state of art defining basic terms, qualities, ways of measurement and health risks involved with fine and ultrafine particles. Furthermore, the research deals with the legal framework based around fine and ultrafine particles exposure in the workplace and the management of work-related risks in general. The experimental part of the thesis describes devices and conditions of measurement in the industrial company. The results of each measurement have been presented with the emphasis on inhalant exposure. Technical and organizational measures have been proposed on the basics of obtained results to reduce potential health risks of employees involved in exposure of fine and ultrafine particles. Final chapter of the thesis concludes obtained results, findings and in practice recommendations.
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Toxicological Aspects of Chemical Accidents
Roman, Michal ; Vičar,, Dušan (referee) ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (advisor)
The master's thesis focuses on the toxicological aspects of chemical accidents. The aim is to determine the main acute risk of dangerous toxic chemical substances that can be escape in chemical accidents and determine their impact on life and damage to the health of the population and characterize the factors affecting the spread of these dangerous chemicals. The practical part focuses on the toxicological aspects of selected industrial pollutants.
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Zastoupení mastných kyselin u běžně používaných potravinářských druhů olejů (řepkový, slunečnicový, kokosový, palmový, olivový)
Kvisová, Ivana
The proportion and amount of fatty acids consumed in the diet can greatly affect the overall health of an individual. My bachelor thesis deals with the positive and negative effects of fatty acids on the human organism with subsequent analysis and determination of selected fatty acids in rapeseed, sunflower, coconut, palm and olive oil by gas chromatography. The percentage of fatty acids in the previously mentioned oils was measured by a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector. It was found that the most common fatty acid is oleic acid (61.24 %) in rapeseed oil, linoleic acid (60.73 %) in sunflower oil, myristic acid (46.89 %) in coconut oil, oleic acid (44.43 %) in palm oil and oleic acid (72.56 %) in olive oil.
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Výskyt a význam fenolových sloučenin v potravinách
Hvězdová, Kristýna
This Bachelor thesis I wrote in the years 2015/2016 at Mendel University in Brno Faculty of Horticulture at Department of Post-Harvest Technology of Horticulture Products. The work contains division and definition of phenolic compounds in foodstuff and their characteristics chemical reaction of phenolic compounds. Qualitative and quantitative agency phenolic compounds in chosen foodstuff, resveratrol in wine and athokyans in plants product, is describe in my own comments. The comments also includes assessment occurrence and leverage of phenolic compounds on human health.
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Risk of Presence of Fine and Ultrafine Particles at Work Place of Specific Industry
Hájková, Alena ; Skřehot, Petr Adolf (referee) ; Martincová, Jana Victoria (advisor)
Submitted Master’s thesis deals with risks of fine and ultrafine particles occurrence in the industrial workplace area of automotive production. The introductory part has been analyzing the contemporary state of art defining basic terms, qualities, ways of measurement and health risks involved with fine and ultrafine particles. Furthermore, the research deals with the legal framework based around fine and ultrafine particles exposure in the workplace and the management of work-related risks in general. The experimental part of the thesis describes devices and conditions of measurement in the industrial company. The results of each measurement have been presented with the emphasis on inhalant exposure. Technical and organizational measures have been proposed on the basics of obtained results to reduce potential health risks of employees involved in exposure of fine and ultrafine particles. Final chapter of the thesis concludes obtained results, findings and in practice recommendations.
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Vliv čalounických materiálů na akustický komfort v interiéru
Schmidtová, Terezie
This thesis documents the possibilities of elements application in interiors in order to improve the acoustic characteristics of the space and it analyses the acoustic issues in contemporary interior and factors that affect it. The aim is to compare the acoustic absorption of selected types of filling materials and upholstery composition used in its production. The thesis includes a description of sample preparation, a procedure of measurement in an impedance tube, results processing to determine the sound absorption of tested materials and a measurement of foam cells sizes using microscope and Visiocell program. Acquired values were compared with each other.
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Využití polymorfismu beta kaseinu ve vztahu k lidskému zdraví při konzumaci kravského mléka
Jiránková, Anna
Abstract Cow's milk is an important source of protein for the human. Among the proteins, the casein and its variants α-S1, α-S2, β, and κ are represented by significant quantities. Caseins are characterized by genetic polymorphism, where the individual amino acids encoding the protein are replaced or deleted. Polymorphisms can be detected by sever-al molecular biological methods. Within the β-casein, the most frequent polymor-phisms are A1 and A2. Various β-casein variants may affect differently the human health through the bioactive peptides that they release during digestion. These peptides are called β-casomorphins in the case of β-casein. Consumption of beta-casein A1 is, according to many studies, risky because of its possible association with ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus and sudden infant death syndrome. Cleavage of this protein releases β-casomorphine-7, which is likely to play a role in the etiology of these dis-eases. However, further studies need to be carried out to verify or disprove this theory.
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