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Importance of AMP-activated protein kinase in the regulation of energy metabolism of mammals
Hansíková, Jana ; Janovská, Petra (advisor) ; Žurmanová, Jitka (referee)
Enzyme AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serin/threonin protein kinase, its main role is in energy regulation at both on the cellular and whole body levels. As a stress sensor controls the oxidation of fatty acid, transport and uptake of glucose uptake into cell, gluconeogenesis and other metabolic pathway in tissue such as liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue including hypothalamic central regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Regulation of AMPK on whole-body level is coordinated by a variety of hormones (adipokines) secreted by adipose tissue. Leptin is one of key adipokines associated with the efect of AMPK . Effects of leptin are linked to both programming the metabolism in the perinatal period and with important regulations in adult metabolism. Data about development of AMPK in the hypothalamus and peripheral tissues in the perinatal period are still rare. Considering to the key role of AMPK in mediation of central regulation of leptin in the hypothalamus and metabolic effects of leptin in muscle, further research to expand knowledge in this area is required.
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Acipimox during Short-Term Exercise Exerts A Negative Feedback of Growth Hormone on Ghrelin Secretion in Patients with Bulimia Nervosa and in Healthy Women: The Role of Lipolysis
Smitka, Kvido ; Nedvídková, Jara (advisor) ; Kršek, Michal (referee) ; Čáp, Jan (referee)
Title: Acipimox during Short-Term Exercise Exerts A Negative Feedback of Growth Hormone on Ghrelin Secretion in Patients with Bulimia Nervosa and in Healthy Women: The Role of Lipolysis Objective: Eating disorders, such as bulimia nervosa (BN) and anorexia nervosa (AN), are characterized by abnormal eating behavior. The main features of BN are binge-eating and inappropriate compensatory methods to prevent weight gain. The appetite-modulating peptide ghrelin is secreted by the stomach and shows a strong release of growth hormone (GH). A potential GH-ghrelin feedback loop between stomach and the pituitary has been recently reported. Acipimox (Aci), an analogue of nicotinic acid, inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue (AT) and reduces plasma glycerol and free fatty acids (FFA) levels. Exercise and Aci are stimulators of GH secretion. We suppose that a negative feedback from increased GH levels during exercise may play a role in reducing plasma ghrelin levels. We surmised that altered baseline activity and exercise-induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) results in excessive stimulation of lipolysis associated with negative energy balance and may lead to abnormal AT metabolism in patients with BN. Disruption of the gut-brain-AT axis might be involved in the pathogenesis of BN. The...
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Analýza asociace polymorfismu UASMS2 v genu leptin s intramuskulárním tukem a marblingem u skotu
Klementová, Kristýna
The current trend in beef production is quality improvement. Meat quality is influen-ced by many factors, eg. genetic background, age, nutrition, sex, breed, environment, housing type, etc. One of these factors is the quality of beef and storage of intramuscular fat and marbling. Marbling has an effect on juiciness, tenderness and flavor of the meat. This paper describes the influence of UASMS2 polymorphism in the gene leptin to the quality of beef meat, storage of intramuscular fat and marbling. The study was conducted on 174 bulls of Czech pied cattle breed. For the determination of genotypes were used sequencing method. Based on the association analysis was detected significant effect on the quality of the meat and intramuscular fat deposition. The results of association analy-sis were compared with previously published scientific articles by other authors. The work includes a literature review for topic of candidate genes, the current state of the problem, significance and methods for studying genes and storing fat in cattle.
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