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Application of superabsorbents in soil and its influence on plant growth
Závodská, Petra ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This thesis is focused on description of superabsorbents with controlled released of nutrients, specifically macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and kalium. Superabsorbents are polymers, mostly acrylic acid polymers, that can absorb huge amount of water without dissolving in it. In its structure they can hold water and thanks to this they are very perspective materials for agricultural usage. Experimental part was focused on growing corn with use of superabsorbents and control samples without use of superabsorbents. Plants were growth for 3 time periods, specifically 46, 60 and 74 days. During the experiments, plats were growth without water stress and in controlled conditions in growing box under UV lamp that simulated day and night by turning on and off after 12 hours. At the end, an image analysis was performed in HARFA program, from which we got information about branching of the roots. Results were supplemented by soil and plants analysis.
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Uplatnění hnojení do depa v technologii pěstování kukuřice
Koryťák, František
The aim of the diploma thesis was to assess the effect of autumn application NP/NPK fertilizers placed as a subsurface depot and spring application of stabilized urea to subsurface depot (d) or broadcast application (b) on the yield of corn grain. The problematics was solved through a three-years small-plot field trial (harvest 2020, 2021, 2022) at the experimental station in Žabčice at Brno. The following fertilization combinations were included in experiment: 1. Unfertilized + urea IU and IN (b), 2. NP + urea IU and IN (b), 3. NPK + urea IU and IN (b), 4. NPK with zeolite + urea IU and IN (b), 5. Unfertilized + urea IU and IN (d), 6. NP + urea IU and IN (d), 7. NPK + urea IU and IN (d). Stabilized urea contained a urease inhibitor (IU) and nitrification inhibitor (IN). Corn grain yields were strongly influenced by the weather in individual years. Fertilizer placed as a subsurface depot increased grain yields compared with broadcast application only in one of the three monitoring years. Autumn application of NP/NPK fertilizers to a localised subsurface depot increased grain yield, for NPK fertilizers this increase was statistically significant in the first two years. Autumns application of fertilizers to subsurface depot with the spring broadcast application of nitrogen increased the yield of grain in two years, only in one statistically significant for all fertilizers. The spring nitrogen placed as a subsurface depot increased the grain yield in the first two trial years, with only one yield increase being statistically significant. The last year showed significantly higher yields after broadcast application of nitrogen fertilizer. The risk of technology application fertilizer placed as a subsurface depot is, among other things, soil processing using strip-till at low humidity.
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Meziplodiny a zaplevelení obilnin
Pluschková, Zuzana
The aim of this master’s thesis was to determine the types of weeds in intercrops and subsequent cereals, to evaluate changesin weeding and to estimate the long-term effects of intercrops on cereal weeding. The weeding rate was evaluated using a numerical method. In the company Hoštická a. s., weeding was observed in various mixtures of intercrops and subsequently cultivated spring barley and maize. In a field experiment carried out at the experiment station Ivanovice na Hané weeding was observed in a barley monoculture after a sown intercrop and after skimming. The results were processed using statistical methods. Weed species were also divided according to different criteria (according to biological properties, according to origin, according to invasive status and according to harmfulness). The results show that monoculture of barley can increase the species representation of weeds. In the long term, intercrops can suppress some types of weeds. Intercrops allow the sprouts of the previous crop to emerge and prevent weeding of subsequent crops. As the diversity of intercrops increases, the list of ecosystem services expands.
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Vliv kombinace biouhlu a zinečnatých nanočástic na rostliny kukuřice seté kultivovaných v in vitro podmínkách
Szomolaiová, Erika
Combined application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and biochar could be a perspective tool for enhancing plant viability and mitigating a large scale of stresses in crops. To investigate effect of different concentrations of ZnO NPs (0, 50, 100 and 1000 mg/L), biochar, and their combination on corn plants (Zea mays L.), in vitro experiment took place. Zinc uptake in form of zinc NPs and possible effect of biochar on zinc uptake and accumulation were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. A positive correlation between ZnO NPs concentration and zinc content in shoots was identified. There was no significant difference observed in plants treated with biochar. Physiological state of plants was evaluated by spectrophotometric analysis of photosynthetic pigments and secondary metabolites. The most significant effect was observed in content of phenolic compounds that increased with increasing ZnO NPs concentration. On the contrary, presence of biochar resulted in significant decrease (p < 0,05) of polyphenols.
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Porovnání různých způsobů zakládání porostů kukuřice seté
Dubový, Miloslav
Maize is one of the most produced crops globally. It has many uses in livestock farming, food production, and industry. With the recent decline in livestock production, the amount of maize in crop rotation has been reduced. However, the production increased again with the arrival of electricity-generating biogas plants. Since most of the land is not covered when cultivating maize in rows, soil erosion occurs. Minimum tillage and soil conservation technologies are used to prevent this side effect, especially on sloping land. The thesis deals with these issues, collects information on various methods of maize cultivation, and compares these technologies in a semi-operational experiment, both from an economic and technical point of view.
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Termín a způsob aplikace klasické a inhibované močoviny ve výživě kukuřice
Miloš, Lukáš
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to examine the effect of mineral fertilizers application on the grain yield of corn. The 4-year field experiment was conducted in years 2019-2022 in the form of small plot field experiment at the Field experimental station Žabčice. The primary objective of the experiment was to compare the method and term of application, as experimental fertilizers were chosen classic urea and its fully inhibited variant, thus urea with nitrification (IN) and urease (IU) inhibitor. The following treatments were included in the experiment: 1. Urea + IN + IU to the depot (autumn), 2. Urea to the depot (autumn), 3. Urea + IN + IU to the depot (spring), 4. Urea to the depot (spring), 5. Urea + IN + IU wide (spring), 6. Urea wide (spring).The work also focuses on average comparison of term (autumn, spring) and method of application (to the depot, wide), regardless of investigated fertilizer as well as to the average yield of grain after the application of the examined fertilizers (urea, urea + IN + IU). The average four-year results showed a difference of 4.3 % in grain yield after the application of urea fertilizer (8.38 t/ha), regardless of the term and method of application, compared to its inhibited variant (8.03 t/ha). The application of the examined fertilizers in autumn resulted in an increase in average grain yield by 5.8% compared to application in spring. The last factor investigated was the method of application, with maize fertilised widely yielding 10.3% higher compared to depot fertilisation.
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Influence of plasma activated water on seed germination and quality of corn
Kovařík, Martin ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the effect of plasma-activated water on corn germination. After water comes into contact with plasma, the water changes its chemical composition and thus, it acquires new properties that can be used in agriculture. The theoretical part is divided into two basic parts. At the beginning of the first part, plasma is briefly characterized, and then this part deals with plasma-activated water, its formation, physical and chemical properties, and at the end of this part, its use. The second part of the theoretical part is devoted to the germination of plants, external influences affecting germination and statistical evaluation of germination. At the end of the theoretical part, this thesis deals with the ecotoxicity of plants. The content of the experimental part was the preparation of PAW, its subsequent application to corn seeds and the study of its effect on germination and plant quality. PAW was created from distilled or tap water using three different plasma systems and the effect of each PAW on the seeds was compared with that of each control sample. The obtained results indicate a positive effect of PAW on seed germination, but the final hypothesis would require more extensive experiments in different environments, especially in soil.
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Changes in plant metabolism due to phytoremediation of pharmaceuticals
Polívková, Linda ; Bělonožníková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Chmelík, Josef (referee)
As a result of human activity, the rate and amount at which various pollutants enter the environment are increasing. Among them, pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, whose fate in nature has not yet been fully understood, have a key role to play. Phytoremediation, as an alternative method to the traditionally established methods of remediation of pollutant- contaminated wastewater and soils, has an increasing potential to become an important and ecologically friendly tool for environmental restoration and conservation. In this bachelor thesis, the effect of the pharmaceuticals buspirone, dextromethorphan, ibuprofen, the combination of dextromethorphan and ibuprofen, paroxetine and sulpiride on the antioxidant system of maize (Zea mays L., DKC 3969) cultivated in vitro in hydroponics under sterile conditions was investigated. The activity and isoenzyme composition of peroxidases, which are among the key components of the antioxidant system, were determined in maize plants. The amount of total soluble proteins in plants was reduced in most cases due to the influence of the aforementioned pharmaceuticals. In contrast, the specific activity of total peroxidases, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase was increased in most cases, most notably by buspirone, sulpiride and the combination of...
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Phytoremediation of pharmaceuticals
Forróvá, Barbora ; Bělonožníková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kubíčková, Božena (referee)
Anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics and antidepressants are some of the most prescribed pharmaceuticals today. As their consumption increases, there is a growing risk of them leaking into surface water and soil, where they can be accumulated, interfere with key biological processes in animal cells or contaminate the food chain. With this is related an increasing need to find ways to ensure the removal of these substances from contaminated sites. There is a wide range of methods for decontamination, however not all of them are affordable and sufficiently environmentally friendly. Phytoremediation is one of the most environmentally and economically friendly ways used for removing pharmaceuticals and other xenobiotics from the environment. In this work, the effects of the drugs diazepam, rohypnol and trazodone on the antioxidant system of maize (Zea mays, L., cultivar DKC 3969) plants grown under sterile conditions hydroponically in vitro were studied. The effects these drugs had on the plants were monitored through the activity of important antioxidant enzymes, peroxidases and glutathione-S-transferases, as well as through non-enzymatic markers of antioxidant capacity and the content of substances indicative of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde and H2O2. A significant increase in phenolic content was...
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Analysis of on farm maize production systems and suggestions for improvement
ŠIMKOVÁ, Libuše
Maize is currently one of the most important feed crops. If we want to grow it effi-ciently, we should spend enough time selecting a suitable plot, seed and sowing date. When selecting the sowing date, it is important to achieve a temperature of 8 °C at sowing depth. The maize is sown at a depth of 3-4 cm and can be sown in conventional rows (75 cm), narrow rows (35 cm) or twin rows. Maize is a slow-growing crop, so it is important to pay attention to mechanical or chemical weed control. When harvesting maize for silage, the whole plant can be harvested or the split harvesting technique of CCM and LKS can be used. The hybrids WELAS, PERSEUS and AKANTO were evaluated. WELAS is a double line (Sc), early hyb-rid (FAO 240) and PERSEUS is a triple line (Tc), early hybrid (FAO 250). The PERSEUS hybrid was able to give a higher yield than WELAS in the plots evalu-ated. The hybrid used, agrotechnique and soil moisture availability had the greatest effect on yield.
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