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Nutrition of infants and toddlers
SVOBODOVÁ, Sabina
The aim of my bachelor thesis is to theoretically summarize nutrition of infants and toddlers, and to compare natural infant nutrition and infant formula. Furthermore I want to determine the effect of natural infant nutrition and infant formula on children, the effect of breastfeeding until the end of the 6th month of infancy and the effect of breastfeeding for more than 6 months, and also to map the diet of breastfeeding mothers. I asked four research questions. What is the effect of replacing natural infant nutrition with infant formula on the baby? How does the length of breastfeeding affect a baby? How are mothers informed about their nutrition while breastfeeding and children nutrition? What kind of comlementary feeding for children do mothers choose? The research was conducted by 10 mothers and their children using questionnaires, case reports and interviews. The questionnaire contains 21 questions. To collect the answers I used both printed forms and data collection using Survio.cz. Afterwards I asked the interviewees to fill in their children's five-day diets. I obtained the resulting values of the diet using the Nutriservis profi application. The result of data collecting from the questionnaire was that nine of ten children were toddlers. Some of the contacted mothers, who had both infants and toddlers, answered the questions based on their older child diet. None of the mothers using infant nutrition mentioned that this nutrition had a negative effect on their babies. The values obtained from the diets resulted to be in line with the recommendations concerning infant and toddler nutrition.
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The physical characteristics of children aged 0-3 years in relation to the type of nutrition
MUŽÍKOVÁ, Markéta
This work aimed to collect written and electronic literature related to children under 3 years and comparison with the collected data set. Specific topics were: nutrition, vaccination, morbidity and various recommendations for this period. In the first part, a search of available domestic and foreign literature was carried out. Developmental information was collected for the toddler period. Attention was also focused on feeding children with breast milk, artificial nutrition, and the gradual introduction of all foods into the daily menu. The importance of some components of the menu was recalled. Furthermore, all mandatory vaccinations, the most common optional vaccinations, and diseases that young children often encounter were discussed in more detail. The second part was practical. The work was focused on collecting information from children's vaccination records and nutrition from their first year of life. The parents of the children were contacted directly. In some cases, information was given in the written form, more often by phone and video call. The collection was aimed at gathering information on babies born after the 38th week of pregnancy with a weight of 2,700 g or more. The study included 81 children, 44, boys and 37 girls. The age of the children at the time of data collection was between 3 and 7 years. All children completed mandatory vaccinations and a large proportion of them had also been vaccinated with some of the optional vaccines. There were more breastfed babies of both sexes. The average birth weight of breastfed girls was 3,377 g, and non-breastfed girls were 3,296 g. The average birth weight of breastfed boys was 3,488 g and of non-breastfed boys 3,305 g. The average body length at birth for breastfed girls was 50.5 cm and in non-breastfed girls and boys 49.7 cmd in breastfed boys was 50.3 cm. The selected measured data were then compared with data collected through the National Anthropological Research CAV 2001. This set was created from the values of 18,584 children aged up to 6 years.
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Effect of socioeconomic status on breastfeeding duration
Trpálková, Tereza ; Laštůvka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Černý, Andrej (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is focused on the breastfeeding and its issues. This thesis includes theoretical and practical part. The aim of the theoretical part is to widen the educaion of the public and the valid information about breastfeeding. This part consists of the anatomy of breast and physiology of lactation, emphasizes the value of breastfeeding for mother, baby and the whole society and also the Agenda for Sustainable Development 2030 is mentioned. It also recommends the ideal nourishment of breastfeeding women, describes the rules and correct techniques of breastfeeding, specifies the ideal growth and progress of the baby. It decribes the main complications during breastfeeding and offers their solution. It offers also the alternatives of nourishment and rules for its uses. It shows the support of breastfeeding and sums up the results of foreign studies about socioeconomical status and its influence on the length of breastfeeding. The practical part follows the theoretical part and research the influence of socioeconomical status on ways and length of breastfeeding. The set hypothesis presumed that there will be no difference in the form of breastfeeding depending on the education of women in the period of 14th day, 1st month, 3rd month and 5th month of baby's life. With those set aims and...
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Effect of breastfeeding and early feeding on the development of articulation difficulties
Businská, Markéta ; Klenková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Horynová, Jana (referee)
The diploma thesis is on a special pedagogical topic with a specializatin on the field of speech therapy. In its theoretical part, it summarizes the findings on the development of speech in early and preschool children, also focuses on the connection between breastfeeding and other methods of feeding at an early age, the development of the orofacial system and the development of articulation of individual sounds. The practical part presents research of a qualitative nature. It contains information from interviews with mothers of children who have been diagnosed with dyslalia. Based on the grounded theory, the obtained information was processed and research conclusions were created. Key words dyslalia, orofacial system, breastfeeding, feeding, speech development, pacifier, grounded theory
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Myofunctional disorder in children
Říha, Ivo ; Klenková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Šiška, Jan (referee)
Thesis "Myofunctional disorder of children" is about myofunctional disorder with a focus on logopedics and issues of human speech. The whole work has, however, significantly multidisciplinary character. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on orofacial complex, swallowing and speech complex in all its breadth. It is also focused on nutrition problems at an early age and on related activities. Readers can also find information about orthodontic anomalies that are directly related to myofunctional disorder. A large area is dedicated to myofunctional disorder itself - terminology, etiology, symptomatology, diagnosis, prevention and therapy. As an important section of practical part of the work serves a research on a sample of 15 children diagnosed with myofunctional disorder. The sample was subjected to qualitative analysis, where an outcome demonstrates 3 case studies demonstrating the degree of seriousness of 3 myofunctional disorders. Additionally, there is also simple quantitative analysis and its outcome is an overview chart. KEYWORDS Myofunctional disorder, orofacial, tongue, ortodontic anomalies, breast- feeding, suckling, mastification, swallowing, speech - articulation.
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Effect of long-term breastfeeding on infant growth from birth to two years of age.
Bočková, Kateřina ; Bláha, Pavel (advisor) ; Krásničanová, Hana (referee)
Growth is sensible detector of long-term health condition of children. Observation of growth by means of growth charts are an important aid for practise of paediatricians. This work assesses an influence of long-term breastfeeding on growth of children from birth to 2 years of age and compares the growth of these children with the world study (MGRS) and Czech study (5./6. CAV). The basis for my study was formed from the set of children measured in Dr. Mottlova's office. It was detected, that long-term breastfeeding significantly influences the length and weight of children, when it interacts with age of children. Breast-fed children were smaller (0,6 cm, 1,1 cm, 0,9 cm) and lighter (250 g, 400 g, 210 g) then formula-fed children in 6th , 12th and 18th month of age. The comparison between our study, MGRS and 5./6. CAV proved, that the growth of children in our study is more similar to 5./6.CAV. Key words: growth, human milk, breastfeeding, growth standards, percentile charts.
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Breastfeeding support in the Czech health care system
Pavlová, Veronika ; Hrešanová, Ema (advisor) ; Kubečková, Olga (referee)
Abstact The diploma thesis is focused on forms and dimensions of breast-feeding support regarding different levels of women and child care in the health care system of the Czech Republic from the perspective of a woman, a mother, who is the health care recipient in the context of the legal framework of Czech legislation and relevant international documents. The findings are based on empirical research results gained from ten semi-structured in-depth interviews. Ten individual research participants gave birth in the same medical institution with the title Baby Friendly Hospital during the last three years, which is the unifying element of the participants. The perspective of a woman, based on a thematic analysis of interviews , shows a lot of perceived dimensions of the provided health care. This work identifies the most obvious women themes: their perception of breastfeeding in pregnancy, importance of breastfeeding for woman, the mother's contact with the baby after the childbirth, medical staff attitude and quality of provided care, aspects of pediatric care and support of breast-feeding out of the health care system. These themes are part of an extensive, historically based conception of health care provided in the Czech Republic, which includes a model of the relationship between a physician (medical...
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Early ontogeny of mother offspring bonding in Bovinae
Staňková, Helena ; Komárková, Martina (advisor) ; Jůnková, Pavla (referee)
The aim of this thesis is, based on the literature, to study the origin, characters and duration of social bonds between the mother and her offspring in Bovinae. The emphasis was given on the specifics of the behaviour related to birth and ecological differences between species. The explored group covers medium and large Artiodactyla living in groups. Many of them were domesticated, and they live in specific conditions so their behaviour may differ. The strongest bond is between the mother and her offspring. This bond is essential for the young, which is completely dependent on the maternal care. Maternal behaviour may be observed few days before parturition, but the most visible sign is maternal separation from the herd to secure exclusive interaction with own offspring. Mother learns to recognize her offspring after parturition, primarily by smell, also for this reason the young is licked. Suckling provides the nutrition to the calf, but also it reinforces mutual relationship. The strength of the bond is mainly dependant on the social environment, strategy of the young, it's age and other factors. The bond between the mother and her offspring differs according to the species, in the duration and in a way of termination. This topic is nowadays only poorly understood and needs further research.
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