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Political responsibility of directly elected presidents
Brabec, Dušan ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Kotábová, Věra (referee)
The controversial performance of the Czech head of state - Miloš Zeman, during his first term in the office, offers reflection on whether the Czech president should or should not be politically responsible for his actions. The absence of mechanisms, by which could be the acting president recalled from his office allows Czech head of state to straighten out the scope of constitutional powers attributed to the head of the state with no real consequences. The master thesis will attempt to present the mechanisms and circumstances that led to the withdrawal of presidents (or governor) of selected countries - specifically Lithuania, Romania and California. The aim of the thesis will be to assess the circumstances in which it would be appropriate to introduce similar mechanisms designated for withdrawing directly elected Czech head of the state from its office, and to analyze the tools for the dismissal of presidents, which have already been used in practice.
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Impeachment in Europe: constitutional models and practice
Medelský, Filip ; Brunclík, Miloš (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
This thesis presents and analyses the process of impeachment relating to the Presidents of European Union Member States. The thesis presents and analyses individual constitutional models of impeachment across Member States based on the constitutional players involved in the impeachment process, who decides on the initiation of the whole process and how, under what conditions the impeachment process can be initiated, for what offences the President can be impeached, which authorities have the power to decide on the outcome of the complaint, what penalties the President faces and whether it is possible to reverse the decision of these authorities in some way. The thesis also analyses impeachment processes that have taken place against European Presidents thus far, namely, the impeachment of Lithuanian President Paksas, Romanian President Basescu and the only attempt at a constitutional complaint to date against Czech President Václav Klaus. Three main models of impeachment can be identified in the framework of European constitutions, depending on which authority has the power to remove the President from office. Most European countries use the judicial model where the President is removed from office at the decision of a judicial authority. Judicial authorities can be of a dual nature. They can be...
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Political responsibility of directly elected presidents
Brabec, Dušan ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Kotábová, Věra (referee)
The controversial performance of the Czech head of state - Miloš Zeman, during his first term in the office, offers reflection on whether the Czech president should or should not be politically responsible for his actions. The absence of mechanisms, by which could be the acting president recalled from his office allows Czech head of state to straighten out the scope of constitutional powers attributed to the head of the state with no real consequences. The master thesis will attempt to present the mechanisms and circumstances that led to the withdrawal of presidents (or governor) of selected countries - specifically Lithuania, Romania and California. The aim of the thesis will be to assess the circumstances in which it would be appropriate to introduce similar mechanisms designated for withdrawing directly elected Czech head of the state from its office, and to analyze the tools for the dismissal of presidents, which have already been used in practice.
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Watergate scandal and its film reflection: comparison on the example of the film All the President's Men
Hegedüš, Tomáš ; Šobr, Michal (advisor) ; Novotný, David Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis compares real evolution of the Watergate affair with its film reflection, motion picture All the President's Men. The main thesis predicated that factual differences would be insignificant and distinctions would occur, especially in the deformation of time and character heroisation. During the description of the affair as the journalists saw it, I used descriptive method and captured the first five months of the affair. As the main source for this part, I used the book, All the President's Men. While I examined the partial aspects of the film, I used an analytical method and using theoretical film literature, I analyzed both narrative and mise en scéne as well as the film style. In a comprehensive comparison, I used a comparative method and at the end of the thesis, I mentioned other film adaptations related to the affair. After the comparison, I was able to confirm my main thesis. The adapted scenario faithfully captures the events in the book, and the essential differences have emerged in the disruption of the time line, the heroisation of the characters and in addition, the simplification. The contribution of this thesis also lies in the assessment of the importance of the journalistic couple, Woodward and Bernstein. I have shown that in the capturing of the affair, their...
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Presidential systems
Křtěnová, Monika ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Ondřejková, Jana (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the presidential system as one of the distinguished alternatives of existing political systems in the present democratic society. This thesis is divided into three parts. The primary aim of the first part is to produce a brief overview of individual political systems and to outline their mutual differences through the description of their characteristics. The second part describes a specific political system in this world - namely the United States of America which became the source of inspiration for all subsequently established systems of this type. This part focusing on the United States is then divided into three separate chapters where each of them provides a view of particular branches of the government which form a constitutional system of the state together. These chapters offer not only the characteristics of these particular government branches and their central government bodies, but they also explain their mutual relationship and the control mechanism and particularly their relation to the President who is the key character of the entire presidential system, also his office and his powers. The main source of information, from which this part of the thesis proceeds, is the United States Constitution itself which is, as the supreme law of the state, the...
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The President of the Czech Republic
Herc, Tomáš ; Pavlíček, Václav (advisor) ; Jirásková, Věra (referee) ; Jičínský, Zdeněk (referee)
In terms of government structure, the constitutional system of the Czech Republic is based on the principles of the parliamentary form of government. That means executive powers are vested in the Government (Council of Ministers), which is accountable to the Parliament through the vote of confidence. The Head of State as a pouvoir neutre plays usually a representative and integrating role in this system. On the contrary the President lacks the political accountability and the Parliament (or another voting body) does not have any direct way of holding him accountable for his action. Except for high treason he also cannot be prosecuted for his actions during his term. The Government therefore usually influences the exercise of his powers by countersigning his acts or decisions. Nevertheless, the role of the Czech President within the constitutional system is not only ceremonial; through his powers he can also actively participate in the adoption of political decisions. He can even exercise some of his expressly granted powers not subject to approval of the Government or any other constitutional body. But is such extent of powers compatible with the fact of his non-accountability? The public debate about these issues has been arising repeatedly since the adoption of the Czech Constitution without...
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