|
|
Studying immune system using MHC II/ EGFP knock-in mouse
Zadražil, Zdeněk ; Černý, Jan (advisor) ; Tlaskalová - Hogenová, Helena (referee)
The immune system is essential for keeping the integrity of multicellular organisms. We were able to make a step forward in studying the complex immune reactions in mammals in vivo and/ or in situ using the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II/ enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) knock-in mouse model. Due to the EGFP visualization of MHC II expressing cells we were able to observe antigen presenting cells, which are essential for the onset of immune responses, in their natural environment. Thus, we report some original features of the immune system. We have identified MHC II+ cell clusters with unknown, probably unique function, in the intestine. We have also described MHC II+ cell migration to the lactating mammary gland and tested few hypotheses about the role of this phenomenon for the development of the mammary gland, milk secretion or infant immune system establishment. Lastly, we observed residential macrophages in the cornea. The presence of APCs in the cornea is a very contradictory issue due to the fact that cornea is an immunologically privileged tissue and therefore harbors special immune features. key words: antigen presenting cells (APC), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II), enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), immune system, knock-in mouse model
|
|
|
Tumor microenvironment and the importance of anti-tumor immunity for clinical course of human cancers
Partlová, Simona ; Špíšek, Radek (advisor) ; Drbal, Karel (referee) ; Kovář, Marek (referee)
Cancer development and progression vary depending on tumor type, localization, invasion, immunogenicity and the ability of immune system to become activated. There are frequent interactions between tumor cells and immune cells, occuring locally at the site of primary tumor or distally through paracrine signalling of various mediators and cytokines. The main subject of this PhD thesis is to study key factors and aspects of immune response in cancer patients. In the first part, we analyzed immune cells infiltrating tumor tissues of ovarian cancer patients at different stages of disease. We focused on the dynamics of immune response, primarily on frequency of individual T lymphocyte populations in peripheral blood and tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes in tumors of early and advanced stages of ovarian cancer. We found that during disease progression there is a gradual decrease of proinflammatory Th17 and Th1 immune responses and a specific recruitment of regulatory T cells to the tumor site, which results in a significant immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. In the second part, we demonstrated that the character of immune response in HPV-positive head and neck cancer patients is very different from the patients with tumors not associated with HPV infection. In HPV-positive patients, significantly...
|
|
|
Comparison of Immune System of Newborns and Adults
Dusilová, Adéla ; Zajícová, Alena (referee) ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor)
In general, it is possible to characterize neonatal immune system (IS) as immature in comparison to adult IS. From a clinical point of view, newborns show an increased susceptibility to infections. Breastfeeding can contribute to the descent incidence of illnesses, because it supplies the intestinal mucosal system with antibodies of the mother`s origin, important nutrients and other immunoregulatory components. Breast milk compensates decreased newborn's capacity to produce immunoglobulins- especially IgA, that concentration reaches adult levels in two years, but even later (to the pubescent period). Other classes of antibodies are found in cord blood only sporadically except IgG, which is transferred transplacentary. Reduced ability of B lymphocytes to produce antibodies is caused by insufficient expression of surface costimulatory signals of Th2 cells. T lymphocytes are not able to react properly to low doses of stimulators (polyclonal activators - phytoid lectins: ConA or PHA), which bind to T cell receptors in complex with CD3 and proliferate in a response to anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies. Most of the cord blood T lymphocytes display "naive" phenotype CD45RA. During intrauterine development, neonatal IS is in contact with mother IS and because a pro-inflammatory Th1 response could lead to...
|
|
|
Diets for food allergies
DOBRUSKÁ, Klára
I have chosen topic Diet with Food Allergy as a topic of my bachelor thesis. This illness is quite common these days. It affect infants mostly but allergy of cow´s milk protein of children under three years disappears itself mostly. There is increasing amount of causes when patient suffers more allergies. Number of people who have the most serious reaction the anaphylactic shock, icreeases. It can end with death. Doctors recommend to patients to strictly follow the elimination diet which is basic treatment of this illness. The most accurate diagnosis of illness (immunological or not) is another important factor for effective treatment. I have chosen three aims for this bachelor thesis. First to find out if patients are informed about their illness. Second to map eating habbits of people with food allergy. Third the evaluation of correctness of daily menus. I used approach of guality research. Research group consisted of six respondents with different food allergy. Those respondents wrote down their weeks menus. Menus were evaluated with program Nutriservis and it was assessed if it follows recommended dietary value. Suitable intake of energy and essential nutrients was calculated for every respondent. It was evaluated if respondents follows priciples of rational diet and if their diet contains sufficient amount of minerals and vitamins. Questionnaires were another key point of this research. Questionnaires were about illness know-how of patients and who has instructed them about it. It was found out the patients hasn´t got enough information about their illness and half of them has no idea which essential nutrients, minerals and vitamins could lack in their diet. It resulted from menus simultaneously that five of six respondents do not follow principles of rational diet and eat very monotonously. Only one respondent follows strictly elimination diet others violate diet exceptionally. Respondets would appreciate other research would focus on creation of special centres and training of doctors and nutritional therapist who would be focused on food allergies. Spreading the information about illness not only to patients but to public also is really important. Another important point is to increase amount of books about food allergies at the market.
|
|
|
Applied Artificial Immune Systems
Dolejší, Petr ; Bidlo, Michal (referee) ; Schwarz, Josef (advisor)
This final year thesis introduces the principles and properties of the artificial immune systems to the reader, then abstracts the principles from this knowledge and applies the real artificial immune systems on them. It provides a view at the practical applications that use and extend given ideas.
|
|
|
Education by a nurse in the care about children with allergic diseases
VRŠANOVÁ, Markéta
Allergy may be called a disease of the century and we rank it among civilization diseases. In the mid 20th century allergy was confirmed to one of a hundred inhabitants, and every fifth inhabitant of the Republic is allergic nowadays. Unfortunately more and more children suffer from this disease. To be able to understand the disease better and to cope with that a human needs as much information as possible. Education by nurses plays a key role in this sphere. Educational activities of nurses form an inseparable part of successful allergy treatment. The Thesis examines whether education and approach of a nurse to parents and children influences their view of and approach to the disease. The first aim of the thesis was to find how parents are informed about their child{\crq}s disease {--} allergy {--} by a nurse and what particular effect the disease has on their family. The second aim of the thesis was to find out how a child patient understands his/her problem and how he/she is educated in the treatment regime by a nurse. The theoretical part deals with the history of allergy and the immune system, types of allergies, prevention, their treatment, education by a nurse and communication. The practical part analyses information from a research. Quantitative research in the form of two questionnaires was chosen for the investigation. The first one was designed for parents accompanying their children to allergy clinics and the other one for children being treated for some kind of allergy. The research was performed at allergy clinics in Písek and Strakonice between the end of November 2009 and the end of March 2010, and 70 respondents participated in both the questionnaires. The aims of the Thesis were met, the hypotheses confirmed. The results confirmed the hypotheses that parents and children understand their diseases, they know the prevention and treatment of the disease thanks to education by a nurse.
|
|
|
Opportunistic parasites of the patients with transplants and other immunosupressed individuals
ZAJÍČKOVÁ, Petra
The main objective of this study was to establish the rate of occurrence of opportunistic parasites in patients with bone-marrow transplants. As a result of reduced immunity due to immunosuppresive therapy, these patients are more susceptible to multiple infections, in particular to infections caused by opportunistic parasites. The parasites were detected using MIFC sedimentation, staining according to Miláček-Vítovec and Calcofluor staining. These methods were used to investigate a total of 100 samples, of which 4 were positive for the presence of microporidia. The presence of microsporidia in the four samples was confirmed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Occurrence of other opportunistic parasites was not confirmed. Microsporidia were found in 7,4% of patients with bone-marrow transplants. This fact was rather surprising as the increasing number of patients with suppressed immunity is associated with increased occurrence of these opportunistic parasites as well. The results of this research might be used not only as educational material for the undergraduates of the Faculty of Health and Social studies, but also for the public concerned with this issue.
|
|
|
The Interaction between Psychological Stress and the Immune System
DAŇKOVÁ, Barbora
This work deals with the effect of undesirable stress on human organism and follows the responses of immunity system to long-term psychical burden. The goal is to provide a survey on this interaction and to alert to the burnout syndrome as manifestation of weakening of the organism at all its levels. The knowledge on the causes, symptoms and prevention of burnout syndrome is focused on the personality of the teacher whose profession is included among the most endangered ones. The results of the work confirmed the presence of the symptoms of burnout syndrome among teachers and alerted to the fact that stress is mostly present at the physical level or their perception. This work points out that the information on the manifestations of burnout syndrome is unquestionably included among the knowledge directed at efficient prevention.
|
|
|
The quality of life of patients suffering from chronical cold
BOHATÁ, Hana
Chronic rhinitis is an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucous membranes which is provoked by exposure to allergens. The most important allergens are - house dust mites, pollens, animal allergens, mould etc. Allergy is also influenced by hereditary factors. Treatment of the complaint involves avoidance of triggers if possible and pharmacological therapy. This therapy may start with using treatments on an as required basis purchased from the pharmacist. If the symptoms worsen then the patient should seek help from a specialist. It requires a long-term management plan and the active cooperative of the patient. I selected the following targets: Target1: Find out how chronic rhinitis can affect the quality of the patient{\crq}s life. Target2: Find out if patients with chronic rhinitis are well informed about their disorder. The results were: H1: Chronic rhinitis has a negative effect on the quality of the patient{\crq}s life.H2: Patients are well informed about their disorder. I would like to present the results of my work to doctors and nurses engaged in this line of work.
|
|
|
Anti-cancer drugs with immunoprotective/immunomodulatory effect
Říhová, Blanka ; Etrych, Tomáš ; Kovář, Marek ; Chytil, Petr ; Hovorka, Ondřej ; Plocová, Daniela ; Mrkvan, Tomáš ; Strohalm, Jiří ; Šírová, Milada ; Šubr, Vladimír ; Kubáčková, K. ; Ulbrich, Karel
Cytotoxic drugs based on HPMA polymer show direct cytotoxic and cytostatic effect together with an ability to mobilize the immune system. Two types of linkage of the drug to the polymer are discussed, as well as linkage-related differences in tumour cell accumulation and fate of the cells
|
guest ::
