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Perception of Armenian Question for Czech Readership (1878 - 1925)
Jandák, Marek ; Klusáková, Luďa (advisor) ; Košťálová, Petra (referee)
This bachelor thesis is devoted to the analysis of reflection of the Armenian Question in crucial years 1878 - 1925. The main aim is to examine one historical issue on different levels with use of two case studies demanding different methodological approach. The opening chapter is focusing on the image of Armenians and Turks in Czech public sphere. The second part of my thesis is dealing with changing image of violence committed on Armenian population in the late Ottoman Empire in the Czech language daily Národní politika. In the third chapter I am paying attention to the writings of Czech traveler and humanist Karel Hansa. My study of the journal Národní listy is focusing on approach of the newspaper to mass violence and humanitarian problems and it takes a form of textual, quantitative and contents analysis. The chapter 4 about Karel Hansa is worked out in a narrative style with use of anthropological approach. My attention in both cases is focusing on phenomena of indifference or active help in the time of genocide and humanitarian crises through a prism of study with subtitle Psychic numbing and genocide by American psychologist Paul Slovic. Outcome of my research of Národní politika journal is that Czech society was remarkably passive and world news in the newspaper were quite unoriginal,...
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The United Nations International Criminal Tribunals and their interpretation of the crime of genocide
Zwinger, Tomáš ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Bílková, Veronika (referee)
1 Summary This thesis deals with the United Nations International Criminal Tribunals and their interpretation of the crime of genocide. There are two United Nations courts: The International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. These ad hoc Tribunals were the first international Tribunals since the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials. They were established by Security Council Resolutions in accordance with Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter as subsidiary organs of the Security Council. The Tribunals were the first international bodies which, after almost 50 years of existence, interpreted and applied the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide which was adopted by United Nations General Assembly in 1948. Their practice has shown the whole world that individuals can be charged with the crime of genocide and consecutively sentenced. The purpose of this thesis is to briefly describe the historical development of the international criminal justice until the establishment of these two United Nations International Criminal Tribunals, characterize both Tribunals and find out how they interpret the crime of genocide and the contribution of their case law to the international criminal law. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The...
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Modern states and genocides : the fate of Turkish Armenians and European Jews
Šeferna, Václav ; Kosek, Jan (advisor) ; Pithart, Petr (referee)
Modern states and genocides: the fate of Turkish Armenians and European Jews This thesis primarily explores the relationship between modernity, modern thinking and modern state on one hand and the Holocaust, Armenian genocide or other genocides, on the other. The purpose of my thesis is to answer the question whether a modern state can be considered a perpetrator of both these tragedies. Furthermore, in my thesis I investigate the causes of these genocides and mainly the influence of nationalism, bureaucracy and racism. The first part of the thesis is devoted to genocide and implementation this concept in international criminal law. I deal with the emergence of this concept and its subsequent development as an independent crime under international law. In the second part I deal with the classification of genocides. First, I deal with the typology of genocides by individual authors. I also examine the differences between traditional massacres and modern genocide, name the pivotal features of modern genocide and try to answer the question of whether it makes sense to use the term "traditional genocide" at all. In the next chapter I focus on the Armenian genocide. This part begins with a short introduction of the Armenians, a quick overview of their history and a description of the Armenian situation in the...
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Totalitarian tendencies of German colonial policies
Weiser, Martin ; Moravcová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Nálevka, Vladimír (referee)
The diploma thesis Totalitarian tendencies of German colonial policies deals with German colonial policies towards Africans in the period between 1884-1914. The main focus is placed on the characteristics and analysis of German native policy in the most important of German colonies - German South West Africa. This piece attempts to pinpoint the relationship between the colonizers and the colonized, to illustrate the racist prejudice of the Germans and to describe the impact of these ideas on the colonial reality. Furthermore, this work reflects upon the Herero war, with particular interest being paid to the German war strategy, and tries to identify the reasons behind its radicalization as well as to resolve the query concerning the genocidal intent. The totalitarianism section of this thesis explores the totalitarian aspects of German native policy in German South West Africa and their development following the Herero war. A comparison of German colonial policies towards the natives with colonial policies of the other major powers active on the African continent follows. The final chapter endeavours to answer the question regarding the continuity of German history and continuity between German colonialism and National Socialism.
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Subject Matter Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court
Bureš, Jan
in English The theme of this dissertation is the subject matter jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Offences such as aggression, genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, sometimes called the "core crimes", are the most serious crimes ever indentified under international law. These crimes do not violate only some particular rights, but they threaten the whole international community, peace, security and well-being of the world. Therefore it is essential to have a precise legal definition of these grave crimes and to establish an effective judicial mechanism for prosecution of the most dangerous criminals. However, it is not easy to find general consent on these matters among the international community. There is not much space for internationalisation in the field of criminal law, which was traditionally considered an important part of national sovereignty. Thus the path towards establishment of the ICC, which is the first permanent international criminal judicial body ever, was extremely difficult, as was definition of the four core crimes falling within its jurisdiction. This thesis scrutinises the concrete provisions of the ICC Statute, the "Rome Statute", which constitute substantive law by defining the crime of genocide (art. 6), crimes against humanity (art. 7), war...
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Sociology of genocide in German South West Africa
Bauer, Karel ; Kumsa, Alemayehu (advisor) ; Německý, Marek (referee)
The main focus of this work is genocide in one of the former German colonies. German South West Africa, in the present day known as Namibia, faced such a frightening event at the beginning of 20th century that very few situations in human history can compare to it. This work tries to bring the reader closer to the situation in southwest Africa in the period of German colonialism, especially to the genocide of the Herero and Nama nations. The main goal of this diploma thesis is based on defining the term genocide and the description of contemporary events in German South West Africa. The key aim is to find certain connections between genocide committed by the German Empire in German South West Africa and genocide perpetrated several decades later by Nazi Germany in Eastern Europe during Second Word War.
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Legal-Historical Aspects of Punishment of Nazi Criminals on the Background of the Adolf Eichmann Trial
Kohout, David
in English Dissertation Thesis David Kohout: Legal-Historical Aspects of Punishment of Nazi Criminals on the Background of the Adolf Eichmann Trial This Dissertation on the topic of "Legal-Historical Aspects of Punishment of Nazi Criminals on the Background of the Adolf Eichmann Trial" seeks to analyze the main approaches to the prosecution and punishment of the Nazi crimes. It was chosen to use the trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem in years 1961 - 1962 as a connecting thread of this whole work. It was so not only due to the individual remarkableness of the trial but also due to the fact that it was in many ways a very illustrative for the previous legal development until that time. Additionally, many commentators of this trial attribute it a great impact on the renewal of the interest in the prosecution of former Nazis who were implicated in perpetration of crimes committed until 1945 and who remained at large after the end of war. Therefore this Thesis goes beyond the Eichmann trial and focuses on its broader context in material but also personal sense (in the text it often referred to cases of prosecution of close collaborators of Adolf Eichmann). In the opening chapters this Dissertation, however, starts with events that go far back in time before the Adolf Eichmann trial. This is for the...
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