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Automation of genotype data calculations
Janásek, Josef ; Štohl, Radek (referee) ; Richter, Miloslav (advisor)
This work is focused no creating application which automates work with applications Structure, Structure Harvester, CLUMPP a Distruct. These applications are used to work with genotype data for studying population structures. Automatization design for these purposes is then worked to an app which includes a user-friendly interface for easing the work as uploading data, filling in parameters for calculations and displaying results. Tis app is created on the platform .NET.
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Evolutionary hypotheses of obesity origin
Dundr, Matěj ; Hora, Martin (advisor) ; Vážná, Anna (referee)
Obesity is a major social, ecological, economic and health problem of today's civilization. Humans evolved to adapt to a different environment than the one they live in today, had more exercise and consumed natural food sources. The imbalance in energy intake and expenditure that we observe in today's human populations is the most likely cause of obesity. However, this work will deal with a less discussed view of the origin of obesity, namely the possible explanation of the origin of obesity with evolutionary hypotheses. The work will also try to evaluate and discuss, based on a comparison of the available literature, whether these hypotheses could really clarify the origin of obesity at the global level. In the beginning of the thesis, we present the problem of obesity, its prevalence in the population and comorbidities associated with obesity. The next section describes the diagnosis of obesity, followed by a section on the history of obesity. The main part is devoted to the evolutionary hypotheses of obesity, namely the adaptation to frugality hypothesis, the genetic drift hypothesis and then other ecological- behavioral hypotheses and their evaluation. In conclusion, the work summarizes that the described hypotheses could be useful for clarifying the difference in obesity prevalence between...
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The comparison of inquiry and cookbook laboratory tasks in Genetics lesson at grammar school
OBRDLÍKOVÁ, Zuzana
Inquiry-based education is one of the activating teaching methods, where the attention is transferred to students and student's activity is supported. Teaching by iquiry leads to the development of a positive attitude towards the subject, which is desirable due to the decline of interest in science subejcts. This teaching method contributes to the development of research skills, but also to independence, cooperation, responsibility and work planning. This diploma thesis deals with the comparison of the effectiveness of inquiry and traditional teaching in the teaching of genetics. A total of 46 pupils from two grammar schools in Vysočina region took part in the research. Pupils were divided into 2 groups - an experimental group, working on worksheets with tasks including iquiry elements, and a control group, working with worksheets containing traditionally designed tasks without inquiry elements. Data for research were obtained by using pre-test and post-test. On its basis the improvement in the post-test of the experimental group was compared to the improvement of the control group of pupils from individual grammar schools. Hierarchical ANOVA test was used for statistic evaluation. The results of the research do not show a significant influence of inquiry-based teaching on the acquisition of new information. On the other hand, a statistically significant effect was confirmed in the teaching activity, elaboration of worksheets.
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Návrh standardu plemene králíka Miniature Lop a porovnání metod šlechtění
ČERMÁKOVÁ, Monika
The main topic of this diploma thesis is the rabbit breed Miniature Lop, which is not yet recognized in the Czech Republic. Miniature Lop was bred in Great Britain, where the breed standard was accepted in 1994. Standard breeds have been also accepted by other European countries. The aim of this work was to design a breeding standard to correspond foreign standards. Another goal was to evaluate the situation of this breed in the Czech Republic and describe the various breeding methods. The data were processed through the Survio online questionnaire and through the creation of tables in MS Excel, which were sent to a total of ten Czech breeders. Graphs and tables were made in Apple Numbers. The first import of the Miniature Lop breed from Great Britain took place in 2017. The number of breeders dedicated to this breed is increasing. At the same time, the number of imported individuals to the Czech Republic is growing. As by March 31, 2022, a total of 86 individuals had been imported from abroad. A total of 26 animals were marked with the B.R.C. ring. The majority of individuals, a total of 62 %, came from Great Britain. Slovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland and Austria followed. The individuals for whom the name of the original breeder was mentioned came from a total of 30 different foreign breeders. The rabbits were imported in a total of 51 colours. The most widely imported colour was Seal Point. Most imported individuals weighed in the range of 1,400-1,500 g. The weight of the does was on average higher, ranging from 1,300 to 1,900 g. Bucks usually weighed between 1,200-1,600 g. Additional data were found from a total of 65 litters of 268 kittens on March 1, 2022. The average number of kittens in the litter was 4.12. The average proportion of peanuts in the litter was 10.07 %. Of the total number of kittens, including peanuts, 63.80 % survived to weaning. The deaths of kittens during birth to weaning occurred in 26.11 %. Almost a quarter of all kittens were used by other breeders of the Czech Republic. A total of 2.23% of kittens were exported to foreign breeders. A breed standard was designed and individual breeding methods were described.
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Posouzení možnosti reintrodukce lipana podhorního vysazením uměle odchovaných generačních ryb v předvýtěrovém období
PASTEJŘÍK, Jan
My bachelor s thesis deals with the possibility of reintroduction of the European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) into open waters by stocking artificially bred generation fish in their pre-spawning period. 3-4-year-old broodfish, bred in the pond Hulák in Prachatice, were used for the experiment. Then in the spring the fish were marked and stocked in the parts of FROV JU fishing ground, where fish were previously caught with electric aggregates and the local composition of fish stocks was examined. In the same way, a control catch was carried out also in the autumn - this time there was a main focus on the presence of the European grayling and juveniles. In addition, a follow-up section of the river (outside the experimental sections) was fished out and most fish were caught here. Based on the results of the monitoring, it can be said that in the section of the river where artificially bred generation fish were stocked at least partially successful natural spawning took place. Although the number of caught fish in the autumn was low (11 fish), this approach might be considered as promising in terms of the possibility of supporting the occurrence of the European grayling in open waters and suitable for further testing. Only 6 % of stocked generation fish were caught out 7 months after stocking. The size of these fish was practically the same as when stocked. In case of using this approach within the fishery management, it is necessary to stock generation fish no more than a few weeks before the expected spawning.
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Novel non-coding transcripts at imprinted loci in mammalian oocytes and embryos
NENIN, Nina
Aims of this thesis were to annotate novel transcripts within clusters of imprinted genes in mouse oocytes and embryo, to analyze expression changes of these transcripts during mouse embryonic development, to identify enriched sequence motifs and potential transcription factors binding sites at promoters of transcripts within imprinted gene clusters as well as transposable elements acting as promoters of these transcripts and to identify potential candidates for further functional studies, using bioinformatic methods.
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Juvenile hormone role on metabolic switch during immune-response
TSCHERNUTH, Sebastian
The role of Juvenile hormone during immune response was investigated in Drosophila melanogaster larvae. The levels of Juvenile hormone were measured directly by mass spectrometry and indirectly by monitoring Krüppel Homologue expression. Neither of those approaches were successful. We genetically manipulated JH production and signalling, infected the larvae with parasitoid wasps and found a significant difference in immune strength between larvae with and without functional JH production.
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Biogenesis of the cyanobacterial photosystem II complex: involvement of selected accessory factors with emphasis on the novel Psb35 protein
PASCUAL AZNAR, Guillem Miquel
In the last twenty years, intensive work has been devoted to elucidating the structure and function of a number of protein factors involved in the assembly and repair of Photosystem II (PSII). These proteins are not found in the crystal structure of the active PSII but transiently interact with one or more of the assembly/repair intermediates in order to facilitate the PSII assembly/repair or protect their components. The principal aim of this thesis consists in the description of a novel PSII assembly factor that we termed Psb35. Additionally, research on the previously identified Ycf48 and RubA assembly factors is also presented. Based on these results their structure and function are further clarified.
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