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The effect of oxidative stress on gametes and early embryos concerning assisted reproductive techniques in human
Kapsdorferová, Viktória ; Krylov, Vladimír (advisor) ; Frolíková, Michaela (referee)
One of the factors influencing the successful outcome of assisted reproduction could be the oxidative stress (OS), which is characterized by a disequilibrium between prooxidants and antioxidants in favour of prooxidants. Important prooxidants are both radical and non-radical reactive oxygen species (ROS) with a high reactivity and strong oxidizing effects on biological substrates. The origins of ROS and OS are assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and several exogenous sources to which gametes and early embryos are exposed during in vitro manipulation. The overproduction of ROS is associated with several negative effects on the cellular and molecular level. However, ROS are a common part of the cellular metabolism and important signaling molecules participating in processes necessary for the physiological development of gametes and early embryos. Hence, strategies to reduce OS may lead to improved results in assisted reproduction. The purpose of this bachelor's thesis is to provide a comprehensive review of literature focused on the identification of sources of ROS and OS, their effect on gametes and early embryos, as well as the possibilities for OS reduction and improvement of cultivation conditions in ART in human. Key words: oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, gametes, early embryo,...
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Epignetic Modifications of the Sperm and the Application in Clinical Practice of Human Assisted Reproduction Therapy
Štiavnická, Miriama ; Nevoral, Jan (advisor) ; Kloudová, Soňa (referee) ; Vašíček, Jaromír (referee)
Basement of healthy embryo development comes from quality of oocytes and spermatozoa. Today, when percentage of couples suffering infertility together with assisted reproductive therapy (ART) is increasing, understanding to gamete biology and heritable epigenetic code is crucial. The study is focused on promising epigenome based markers that could serve as indicators of gamete quality for either their screening or selection for ART. Accordingly selected markers were used for the investigation of environmental pollutant bisphenol S (BPS) effect on gametes quality. To obtain these aims, we have used human semen samples, boar semen samples and ICR mice gametes. Samples were analyzed by flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. All experimental work was in accordance with Ethics committee University Hospital in Pilsen and approved experimental designs for appropriate experimental animal project. In the study, we detected the dimethylation of histone H3 on lysine K4 (H3K4me2) as potential epigenetic marker of sperm quality and chromatin immaturity. Secondly, we observed the role of the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulphide (H2S) as anti-capacitating agents, slowing down capacitation possibly through post-translational modification of proteins. Thirdly, SIRT1 histone deacetylase was...
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Legal issues of gametes in relation to assisted reproduction
Stieranková, Aneta ; Frinta, Ondřej (advisor) ; Thöndel, Alexandr (referee)
66 Abstract Legal issues of gametes in relation to assisted reproduction The thesis deals with the issue of assisted reproduction with a specific focus on gametes and some issues that are associated with them. In order to better understand contradictory opinions and views on a particular issue, the Czech legislation is compared with the British legislation. Then, in each individual case, it is assessed which country has dealt with the problem better, using a comparative method. The introduction of the thesis deals with assisted reproduction in general, especially from the point of view of definition of the concepts and historical development of this issue. Subsequently, the basic legal framework for assisted reproduction is defined both in the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom. Briefly, there are also summarized the most basic requirements for gametes donors in both countries. In terms of specific problems related to gametes, much of the work focuses on the anonymity of sperm donors, in particular summarizing the most important arguments of its opponents and subsequently refuting these arguments. The conclusion of this chapter submits why, in my view, the anonymity of sperm donors should be maintained. The next part is devoted to financial rewards for donation of gametes, their admissibility and amount....
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Does the child born from donated gametes right to know its biological parents?
TOŠNEROVÁ, Jana
This thesis deals with the issue of assisted reproduction, ethical aspects of infertility treatment and in particular looking for the answer to the question of whether they have children from donated gametes natural right to know their biological parents, the gamete donors. The diploma thesis is devoted to the topic of infertility and description of some of the methods of assisted reproduction. Emphasis is on the status of child from gamete donation, especially with regard to its natural right to know the donor. Children only have the right to know the donor of the gametes from which it originated in countries, where the donation is not anonymous.. For these countries, the Czech republic does not belong. Seeking an answer to the question whether it is these children's natural right to know the identity of the donor, is started from how the natiral law is understood in general and also from a bio-psycho-social needs that children have. The work also includes a description of an exploratory survey realized in one of the reproductive clinics. Through survey, Infertile couples commented on the topic of organ donation and the possibility to confer children the natural right to know their biological parents.
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