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The Calculation Of The Amount Of Material Injury Caused By The Forests In The Areas Of Implementation Of Water Management Structures
Bureš, Petr ; Čermák, Jan (referee) ; Vala,, Vlastimil (referee) ; Alexandr, Pavel (advisor)
Problem situations in damage to forests as a result of construction activities is the total of its quantification, because of not only to damage to the forest and the land intended for the performance of the function of the forest, but also to damage to the water feature of the forest. The emergence of the crop damage and forest grounds occurs at the same time damage to the management. Broken water conditions on the forest grounds, inter alia, that the environmental damage (or one of its components), are also material injury for the owner of the forest, because it directly affect the amount of the additional costs linked to its management in the forest. The existing decree MZe ČR no. 55/1999 Coll. on the method of calculating the amount of loss or damage caused to forests assesses only the injury or damage to the forest and the land intended for the performance of the functions of the forest, but does the forest and its other non-production function as a forest ecosystem. The damage (the material injury) on the water feature of the forest is not the above mentioned decree dealt with. Initially formulated the problem lies in finding the right way of solving how to objectively quantify the financial damage to the forest, inc. damage to the water feature of the forest and thus closer to the actual damage to the exaktnosti forest, resulting in direct connection with the location and the realisation of the buildings.
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FOREST ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: SELECTED KNOWLEDGE
Melichar, J. ; Horváthová, Eva
The assessment of ecosystem services (ES) has become an important concept during the last two decades and a model tool used to quantify the contribution of individual ecosystems (including the global one)\nand biodiversity to human well-being. Although there are a number of conceptual frameworks and a wide variety empirical applications, there is a lack of more detailed theoretical definitions based on ecological and economic theories as well ambiguity persists in defining the term ecosystem service. Ad hoc delineation and general formulation of this the concept is then limiting in the interpretation of the achieved results, the possibility of comparison across studies, including implementation transfer of values and functions of values, or when designing economic instruments such as payments for ecosystem services. Therefore, in this paper we discuss terms such as final product, intermediate product,\necological production function and utility function, i.e. concepts that are decisive for the correct definition of ES from the point of view economic theory.
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Vyhodnocení fenologických fází dospělého bukového porostu na Ekosystémové stanici Štítná nad Vláří
Střecha, Jaroslav
At the Štítná nad Vláří Ecosystem station in the White Carpathians, phenology cameras have been taking pictures inside an adult beech forest from a meteorological mast, together with the collection of meteorological data since 1960. Phenology records regularly recurring changes in plants, the so-called phenophases, in relation to the external environment and especially the weather. Therefore, forest ecosystems function as an important bioindicator of climate change. From the phenologial observation in 2018–2020, beech phenophases were evaluated in two ways. Visual evaluation and analysis of the vegetation index from the phenology camera image. Image analyses record the phenological stage earlier than the observer. There was an increase in the average annual temperature, resulting in a longer growing season. The growing season was extended by up to 82 days. This trend of climate change, together with the occurrence of years with a lack of precipitation, will have a negative effect on the vitality of beech and forest ecosystems.
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The educational programme oriented to selected ecosystems in kindergarten
POLEDNOVÁ, Lenka
This Bachelor thesis focuses on environmental education. In the theoretical part it defines environmental education and its main objectives, the reasons for its inclusion in preschool education and its relation to the Framework Education Programme for Preschool Education. In addition, it names methods suitable for its implementation in kindergarten. In the practical part, it presents the developed educational offer focused on the selected ecosystem. In selecting the activities included in the curriculum, it emphasises methods of direct nature study, such as observation and simple experimentation, manipulation of natural materials or sensory perception. At the same time, it focuses on the children's experience and the experience they gain through direct contact with nature and spontaneous play in it. After the implementation of the teaching programme, it then evaluates the proposed topics and the chosen methods on the basis of the evaluated interviews and the ongoing observation of the children.
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Forest newspaper - support for environmental education in preschool education
HOSENSEIDLOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor thesis is focused on environmental education in preschool education and its main goal is to present a teaching project on the topic of forest ecosystem. The environmental project is in the form of a monothematic issue of a newspaper called "Forest newspaper", which aims at the issue of the forest ecosystem and contains comprehensive educational activities to support the teaching of environmental education in kindergartens. The theoretical part deals with the concept of environmental education, its characteristics, methodological elements and the possibility of using forest pedagogy. The practical part is based on a semi-structured interview. It is devoted to the evaluation of work with Forest newspaper in practice in kindergarten and in the family environment, with children of preschool age. Based on the obtained positive evaluation of this project, the work on the project will continue and the next issue of Forest newspaper will be published.
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Cross-curricular theme "Forest" and forest pedagogy as one of the possibilities of its realization
Kozák, Jaromír ; Švecová, Milada (advisor) ; Mourek, Jan (referee)
Cross-curricular themes are important formative elements of education. A forest ecosystem is an environment with great importance and potential, and knowledge of forest ecosystem, processes taking place in it and human activities associated with it can be included in many educational areas. By combining these two phenomena we gain cross- curricular theme "Forest". A possible instrument for realization this theme is the forest pedagogy. In the theoretical part of the work is the term cross-curricular theme delineated and defined in general and also specifically on the example of cross-curricular theme "Forest". About the forest ecosystem are given knowledge that contribute to spreading the results of forestry research and to modernization of teaching about the forest ecosystem at elementary and secondary schools. The forest pedagogy is introduced as an instrument that can significantly contributes to deepen the learning points about "Forest" and its presentation as cross-curricular theme. In the practical part of this work are the results of a survey that contributed to the findings of the current state of implementation of cross-curricular theme "Forest" in teaching in elementary and secondary schools. They turned out, what is the awareness of forest pedagogy among teachers nowadays, and what...
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Carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems in canging climate.
Hlaváčková, Lucie ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Urban, Otmar (referee)
The global carbon cycle is in the focus of the scientists' interest, because understanding carbon sinks and their relationships can show the solutions of problems related with increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere in the future. I focused on the role of forests ecosystems in this carbon cycle. All forests cover almost one third of the Earth's land area. By photosynthesis they bind big part of atmospheric carbon to their biomass. Sink strength of forest can differ according to the type of biome, forest stand age and actual climatic conditions. Forest biomes can be generally divided according to the latitude to three groups: tropical forest biomes, temperate forests and boreal forests. The size of carbon stock decreases in this order. Other parameters, such as net primary production and respiration differ in dependence on the particular ecosystem. Tropical rain forests represent great carbon stock, but their deforestation causes massive C emissions back to the atmosphere. Boreal forests aren't considered as important carbon sink, but they influence local climate. Some speculations can also appear about the old forests. It is possible to find authors, who claims, that old forests are no more carbon sinks, so that their carbon balance is neutral. Many surveys prove that they bind less carbon...
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Assembly, successional development and functioning of microbial communities in deadwood
Bernardová, Natálie ; Brabcová, Vendula (advisor) ; Kopecký, Jan (referee)
Dead wood is one of the most important reservoirs associated with forest ecosystems. In natural forests, its volume is counted in hundreds of m3 ha-1 , whereas it reaches only tens of m3 ha-1 in productive commercial forests. In contrast to soil and plant litter, deadwood is unevenly distributed on the forest floor. The specific physicochemical properties such as high content of recalcitrant polymers, low nitrogen level and impermeability negatively affect the rate of decomposition especially in the initial stages of wood deconstruction. The deadwood decomposition is very slow in comparisons with other substrates, it accumulates and thus it represents the important reservoir of nutrients. This thesis is focused on the structure, development and function of microbial (fungal) community in decomposing deadwood in unmanaged forest. Functional screening of fungi isolated from fruit bodies collected from coarse deadwood was set aside. Physico-chemical properties of deadwood including pH, carbon and nitrogen content and microbial biomass were estimated for four wood decomposition stages and three different tree species. New generation sequencing (Illumina MiSeq platform) was applied for fungal community structure analysis based on ITS2 fragment. Fungal functional screening was based on physico-chemical...
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Carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems in canging climate.
Hlaváčková, Lucie ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Urban, Otmar (referee)
The global carbon cycle is in the focus of the scientists' interest, because understanding carbon sinks and their relationships can show the solutions of problems related with increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere in the future. I focused on the role of forests ecosystems in this carbon cycle. All forests cover almost one third of the Earth's land area. By photosynthesis they bind big part of atmospheric carbon to their biomass. Sink strength of forest can differ according to the type of biome, forest stand age and actual climatic conditions. Forest biomes can be generally divided according to the latitude to three groups: tropical forest biomes, temperate forests and boreal forests. The size of carbon stock decreases in this order. Other parameters, such as net primary production and respiration differ in dependence on the particular ecosystem. Tropical rain forests represent great carbon stock, but their deforestation causes massive C emissions back to the atmosphere. Boreal forests aren't considered as important carbon sink, but they influence local climate. Some speculations can also appear about the old forests. It is possible to find authors, who claims, that old forests are no more carbon sinks, so that their carbon balance is neutral. Many surveys prove that they bind less carbon...
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Cross-curricular theme "Forest" and forest pedagogy as one of the possibilities of its realization
Kozák, Jaromír ; Švecová, Milada (advisor) ; Mourek, Jan (referee)
Cross-curricular themes are important formative elements of education. A forest ecosystem is an environment with great importance and potential, and knowledge of forest ecosystem, processes taking place in it and human activities associated with it can be included in many educational areas. By combining these two phenomena we gain cross- curricular theme "Forest". A possible instrument for realization this theme is the forest pedagogy. In the theoretical part of the work is the term cross-curricular theme delineated and defined in general and also specifically on the example of cross-curricular theme "Forest". About the forest ecosystem are given knowledge that contribute to spreading the results of forestry research and to modernization of teaching about the forest ecosystem at elementary and secondary schools. The forest pedagogy is introduced as an instrument that can significantly contributes to deepen the learning points about "Forest" and its presentation as cross-curricular theme. In the practical part of this work are the results of a survey that contributed to the findings of the current state of implementation of cross-curricular theme "Forest" in teaching in elementary and secondary schools. They turned out, what is the awareness of forest pedagogy among teachers nowadays, and what...
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