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Comparison of Tax Evasion in Value Added Tax in Selected EU Countries and Estimation of the VAT Gap
Kašpar, Tomáš ; Kovačik, Roman (referee) ; Svirák, Pavel (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the finding and evaluation of the usefulness and influence of tax authority tools in the Czech Republic and in selected countries of the European Union according to similar indicators. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the effectiveness and utility of the tools used. The number of information in the international exchange of information is compared and the number of tax subjects in the gray economy and their involvement in tax evasion is evaluated. The theoretical part defines core elements of the diploma thesis which are the value added tax, the VAT GAP and the division of tax authority instruments. Concurrently, it describes related mechanisms which shall ensure the elimination of tax evasion. The practical part analyzes selected instruments and their values that the tax authority has at its disposal to combat tax evasion. From the output data, the VAT GAP is estimated using a calculation using the gross domestic product adjustment method. All results found within the Czech Republic will be compared with available comparable data in the EU countries. To conclude, the results are valorized, and instruments are evaluated internationally. It is estimated the amount of the VAT GAP and the possible prediction of future developments.
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Electronic Evidence of Sales
Posoldová, Kateřina ; Bohůnová, Lucie (referee) ; Brychta, Karel (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on issues related to electronic evidence of sales in the Czech Republic. The first part defines the basic concepts, theoretical background and the very essence of this system. The analytical part is devoted to the pros and cons of EET in the Czech Republic, followed by a presentation of sales registration systems in selected EU countries. The thesis also includes the author's own evaluation.
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Economic crime in the context of domestic fraud cases and legislation Czech Republic
ŠULITKOVÁ, Nikola
The thesis deals with the topic of economic crime, its classification, classification of accounting, accounting and tax fraud. An important topic of the thesis is the koncept of creative accounting, which outlines the possible manipulation or alteration of accounting statements and other fraudulent acts. Related to this are the masons why creative accounting is practiced. Primarily to modify data in favour of the company for sake of investors to make the company more attractive and in the opposite way to avoid paging high taxes. The types of accounting fraud and the auditing of financial statements are mentioned as well. Taxes are discussed along with tax frauds which play a major role in the practical part. The thesis contains a methodological description of the procedures used in the examination and evaluation of data. The practical part offers selected real cases of economic crime, known to the general public. The key isme is the processing of nationwide data of the tax administration in the field of tax kontrol of identical data from a selected territorial department. The collected data are graphically evaluated and compared. The graphs are enriched by linear regression lines for easier orientation. An Essentials part of the analysis is the evaluation of the complaints submitted to law enforcement authorities for the selected territorial units. The cases ended up mostly in dismissal. For the convicted subjekt, it is explained how the tax frauds are mostly committed. These are recurrent practices. The work deals lightly with the detection of tax fraud in the tax administration. Guided interview with experts on the subject are also conducted. Specifically, with an expert on economic crime Mgr. Vladimír Klíma and an expert from the sphere of financial administration Ing. Lukáš Košťál, who brings insight into the topic from a practical point of view. Finally, the hypotheses are evaluated on the basis of the data and information obtained from the interviews.
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Electronic Evidence of Sales
Posoldová, Kateřina ; Bohůnová, Lucie (referee) ; Brychta, Karel (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on issues related to electronic evidence of sales in the Czech Republic. The first part defines the basic concepts, theoretical background and the very essence of this system. The analytical part is devoted to the pros and cons of EET in the Czech Republic, followed by a presentation of sales registration systems in selected EU countries. The thesis also includes the author's own evaluation.
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Comparison of Tax Evasion in Value Added Tax in Selected EU Countries and Estimation of the VAT Gap
Kašpar, Tomáš ; Kovačik, Roman (referee) ; Svirák, Pavel (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the finding and evaluation of the usefulness and influence of tax authority tools in the Czech Republic and in selected countries of the European Union according to similar indicators. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the effectiveness and utility of the tools used. The number of information in the international exchange of information is compared and the number of tax subjects in the gray economy and their involvement in tax evasion is evaluated. The theoretical part defines core elements of the diploma thesis which are the value added tax, the VAT GAP and the division of tax authority instruments. Concurrently, it describes related mechanisms which shall ensure the elimination of tax evasion. The practical part analyzes selected instruments and their values that the tax authority has at its disposal to combat tax evasion. From the output data, the VAT GAP is estimated using a calculation using the gross domestic product adjustment method. All results found within the Czech Republic will be compared with available comparable data in the EU countries. To conclude, the results are valorized, and instruments are evaluated internationally. It is estimated the amount of the VAT GAP and the possible prediction of future developments.
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Effects of the value added tax reform on the economy of Republic of Macedonia
Angelovski, Filip
In the year 2000 the old turnover tax was replaced and the value added tax was introduced. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to explore the impact of the value added tax on the economy in the Republic of Macedonia. The research explores the effects from this reform on the GDP as the most important measurement for the economic growth and the inflation rate as the indicator for the price change. For that reason, Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model is applied from the period 1995 to 2016 with yearly data from VAT and turnover tax revenues, GDP growth and inflation rate. In addition to that empirical analysis, Granger test and forecasting technique are used to explore causality and to predict the future behavior. Moreover, the impact of the VAT revenues on the state’s budget of the Republic of Macedonia is investigated. The Ordinary least squares (OLS) model is used analyzing the time series data that unites the revenues from the turnover tax and the VAT under single variable on yearly basis from 1994 to 2016. The Chaw test is implemented in the OLS model to find the structural break that is caused in the revenues by the implementation of the VAT. In the thesis the topics of tax evasion and the role of the Public Revenue Office are discussed as well.
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Nařízení eIDAS - elektronický podpis a jeho aplikace ve veřejné správě
Kovaříková, Karolína
The bachelor thesis is focusing on EU regulation eIDAS, electronic identification and trust services, especially on electronic signature. The thesis is divided into two parts: literature research and the main part. The literature research deals with evolution of eGovernment in Czech Republic, EU regulation eIDAS and electronic signature in practice of the Financial administration of the Czech Republic. The goal of the thesis is to analyse problems related to electronic signatures and propose an effective solution.
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Transparency in the State Administration as Protection of Legal Principles Illustrated by the Example of Using of Hedge Commands by the Financial Administration
Bajmaku, Violeta ; Kohoutek, Jan (advisor) ; Ochrana, František (referee)
The thesis explains the need for a high level of transparency in the state administration on a concrete example of administrative practice - using of hedge commands by the financial administration. For explanation, the hedge command is is the ultima ratio tool in the area of the tax administration. The topic was widely publicized and, in particular, the cases of liquidation effects of the hedge commands on some entrepreneurs and cases where the courts decided against financial administration. The mistrust that has arisen in using of this tool is considered a public-political problem in the text. The thesis examines the trustworthiness of the state institution in connection with the degree of transparency. It deals with the influence of the bureaucracy on the state administration, with the accountability of the state officials and with the concept of good governance, on which the need for transparency proves. The multiple case study in the empirical part of the thesis presents five selected critical cases of the use of the hedge command, when the courts decided in favor of the companies. A document analysis was used to describe the cases, especially court judgments, also news and reports. The expert survey then offers a view of experts on the given issue. The primary data was obtained through eight...
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Electronic records of sales
NOVÁKOVÁ, Michaela
This diploma thesis is aimed at Electronic register (records) of sales especially evaluation of the process of implementation and realization of the EET in a selected region of the Czech Republic. The theoretical part is dedicated to the study of theoretical knowledge. There is described a trade, trading systems, wholesale, retail, hospitality, tourism, sales, electronic register (records) of sales and marketing research. The practical part is concentrated on the research by questionnaire research, which are fill by entrepreneurs from the South Bohemian Region, controlled depth interviews with entrepreneurs from the South Bohemian Region and with representatives from the Financial and Customs Administration, who oversee the EET control. Finally, suggestions for improvement are made on the basis of questionnaires and depth interviews.
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Legal development of the state finance and treasury in Czechoslovakia during the years 1918 - 1945
Pejskarová, Adéla ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee) ; Vojáček, Ladislav (referee)
The aim of my thesis is a detailed analysis of the state finances and treasury in Czechoslovakia during the years 1918 - 1945. If we look at the structure of my thesis, the exordium of my thesis is focused on the general concept of the state finances and after that because the state finances consist of several parts, the chapters are devoted to legal development of these several parts of state finances during the years 1918 - 1938. I mean the area of state budgets, taxes and fees, currency and monetary reform, the formation and activities of the bank of issue, as well as the banking and treasury. The legal development of these individual areas is closed with the chapter devoted to the economic crisis (during the years 1929/30 - 1934), the ways and means of its solution and with next period in history of our state, i.e. the period of rearmament. The second part of my thesis is devoted not only to the common development of all areas of state finances during the Nazi occupation of Czechia, but also to comparison this development with the development of the state finances in Slovak State. The end of my thesis is focused on the development of the state finances after the year 1945 and the monetary reform in 1953 as a comparison to the development in the previous periods. In my thesis I deal not only with the...
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