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Hodnocení managementu pastvy ovcí v chráněných oblastech
Trojanová, Eva
The diploma thesis Evaluation of Sheep Grazing Management in Protected Areas deals with the use of grazing for sheep nutrition, sheep ethology, especially the influences that affect grazing behavior, and the use of grazing in the maintenance of vegetation in the National Nature Reserve of Mohelno Serpentinite Steppe. The 2018 grazing season in the National Nature Reserve of Mohelno Serpentinite Steppe took place from 23rd April to 25th May 2018 and three ethological observations were taken during this grazing season. On 9th, 17th and 21st May, the activities of the herd were recorded – namely lying, standing, walking and grazing. On the first observed day (May 9), the activities were represented in the ratio: grazing 37.50%, walking 12.35%, standing 5.81% and lying 44.34%. On the second day of observation (May 17), grazing took up 39.15% of the total observation time, walking 12.27%, standing 18.95% and lying 29.62%. On the last day of observation (May 21), the ratios of daily activities were: grazing 34.07%, walking 10.25%, standing 9.37% and lying 46.31%. Activities were also recorded depending on the grazing area, and the effect of air temperature on sheep behavior was investigated. The results are processed in charts and graphs in the appendix.
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Vliv ročního období na využívání odpočívárny v podmínkách aktivního ustájení koní
MARTINCOVÁ, Veronika
The quality and time of rest is together with feeding and physical activity the most important factor having an impact on both, mental and physical health in horses. This diploma thesis was dealing with the impact of a specific season and age on the use of a rest area in the conditions of active horse stables. The first part of this diploma thesis has processed a literary overview focused on the principles and types of horse-breeding technology and ethological rest activities. The topic of active stables has been sudied in greater detail. Observation was done at an active stable in Mažice. A total of 22 horses were being observed aged 2 to 27 in fifteen 24-hour long intervals using camera footage. The impact of individual seasons (summer, autumn and winter) and age (young, middle-aged and old horses) on the rest activities in rest areas was being observed and evaluated. A difference in the average length of one visit in the seasons observed. In autumn, it was longest on average, 35 minutes in comparison to 30 minutes in winter and summer. In case of lying down the average time of one visit differed significantly - in winter it was 30 minutes and 41 minutes in summer. The rest area was used least by young horses in autumn, 179 minutes per 24 hours. Comparing the utilization the rest areas during the year, a more significant utilization of rest area number 2 (352 minutes per 24 hours) was proven in comparison to the rest area number 1 (161 minutes per 24 hours in summer). Evaluating the day and night, the lowest average time values spent in rest areas were noted during autumn and summer (130 minutes per day and 162 minutes per day). On average, the horses would spend the longest time of 218 minutes per night and during the day in winter of 237 minutes per day in the rest areas. The results show that it is necessary to pay attention to stable design, not only from the perspective of size but also orientation. With regard to the time the horses spend there, they are a significant factor having an impact on the quality of their lives.
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Vliv obohaceného prostředí na chování prasat v intenzivním a extenzivním způsobu chovu
ULMONOVÁ, Karolína
The diploma thesis followed the Bachelor's thesis Ulmonová (2018). The work was focused on the elimination of aggressive behavior in extensive and intensive pig breeding. In both establishments, the toy was placed in pre-fattening and pig fattening. It was assumed that reducing aggressive behavior would reduce pig injuries (bitten tails, ears, navel). To eliminate aggressive behavior, a toy (wooden logs, chains) was used, which was always lowered into the pens at a certain time and pulled out again at a certain time. 2 groups were created in both companies (control / experimental). In intensive breeding after 15 pieces, later after 13 pieces. In extensive breeding of 10 pieces. During the pre-fattening 1 ethogram was created and during the fattening another 3 ethograms were created. The basic categories of behavior (feed intake, rest, movement, standing) and frequency categories of behavior (play / aggressive behavior) were evaluated in the ethograms. Groups in extensive breeding spent more time on feeding, compared to groups in intensive breeding. The animals from the control groups spent more time resting. The experimental groups spent more time moving. The movement was associated with the presence of a toy in the pen. Standing on both farms fluctuated considerably, with all observations. The frequency of aggressive behavior was highest in the control group in intensive breeding and increased over time. In the experimental group in intensive breeding, there was a reduction in aggressive behavior, but not complete elimination. The frequency of aggressive behavior in extensive breeding was negligible. The highest frequency of the game was in the experimental group in intensive breeding, the pigs played with the toy the most. The experimental group had the highest frequency of playing with equipment (they had straw available). Cannibalism appeared only in the control group in intensive breeding, in the middle of fattening. In this group, the necessary slaughter took place at the end of the fattening, due to the biting of the tail of one pig.
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Základy užitkového chovu poštovních holubů a jejich etologie
PITZMOS, Jiří
The bachelor's thesis deals with the basics of commercial breeding of carrier pigeons and their ethology. The aim of this thesis is to determine the economic intensity of closed intensive breeding of medium size pigeons and to evaluate the factors influencing profitability. Part of the research is a breeding experiment in which utility and production parameters such as nesting frequency, hatchability, daily pigeon gains, yield in relation to food intake and ethological monitoring are monitored.
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Spontaneous directional preferences in \kur{Eublepharis macularius}: Laterality and cardinal direction preferences
VOTRUBOVÁ, Kateřina
Despite increasing numbers of studies on orientation, magnetoreception and laterality, there is only few of them focused on reptiles. This thesis points out this issue and tries to come up with a new infromation about orientation in reptiles. Practical part is aimed at laterality in leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) by testing it in T-maze. It also focuses on potential influence of the Earth's magnetic field on orientation in T-maze and geckos ability to perceive this field. Additionally, this thesis include some general evaluation of gecko's etology throughout the experiment.
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Predators and antipredator defence of Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera)
Zeman, Šimon ; Raška, Jan (advisor) ; Michalko, Radek (referee)
Auchenorrhyncha are one of the species-richest groups of hemimetabolous insects. They feed mostly on plant sap and play an important role in food webs of various ecosystems; for humans, they are important mainly as pests of several crops. Because of their occurrence in many habitats, they are often preyed upon by number of predators, including both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, Auchenorrhyncha implement various anti-predator defences to avoid it. This thesis summarizes available information about predation of Auchenorrhyncha and shortly deals with hunting behaviour of selected predators. In the second part, anti-predatory strategies and their occurrence in different Auchenorrhyncha groups are summarized. Furthermore, potential predators affected by those defences are discussed.
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Current view on the biology of theropod dinosaurs
Honskus, Adam ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (advisor) ; Řezníček, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis hes summarised available data from morphology, anatomy, ecology, ethology, ontogeny and phylogeny of theropod representatives of the clade Dinosauria that are based on the recent results deriving from the application of modern scientific methods and technologies. Main methods are laser scanning, computed tomography, electron microscope analysis and virtual and physical model reconstruction. Application of these results have changed radically historical and dogmatic point of view on this fascinating group of dinosaurs that had ruled on the Earth for more than 150-million years. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Contribution of Oskar Heiroth to the Formation of Classical German Ethology
Bradáč, Ondřej ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Hermann, Tomáš (referee)
Oskar Heinroth was a German zoologist and is frequently considered as the founder of ethology. Thanks to his lifetime observing of animals, especially birds, made he the conclusion that movement, display of behavior and other signs which haven't been taken into account until his days are equally important for the right animal classification as morphology. He is a discoverer of species typical instinctive behavior and he observed as the first one several other ethological phenomenons as imprinting, drop-off of the treshold value of the signal or idle-running reactions. He iniciated a more pragmatic sight into animal psychics and laid foundations of ethological methodics. Thanks to his publication a darwinistic attitude got access into psychological sciences. Regarding his evidence Konrad Lorenz, Erich von Holst and Nicholas Tinbergen constituted ethology as integrated science, which has later been confirmed on the premisies of universities.
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Within-group fish behaviour: effect of common experience
Fořt, Martin ; Slavík, Ondřej (advisor) ; Frouzová, Jaroslava (referee)
Recently, behavioral studies focusing on social relationships of fish in groups became popular. Fish are able individually recognize conspecifics or even heterospecifics. This ability allows distinguishing among individuals in and between groups and shows that fish prefer associating with familiar or kin individuals. An interaction with kin individuals is called condition-dependent recognition, whilst relationship based on previous experience is called condition independent recognition or familiarity. Both of these interactions can bring the participants some advantages, such as better protection from predators, foraging benefits, lower aggression levels, etc.
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