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Distribution, ecology and causes of decline of species from the family Pyrolaceae
Valeček, Martin ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Figura, Tomáš (referee)
The family Pyrolaceae (pyroloids) includes the group of evergreen herbs or subshrubs growing in coniferous, especially in pine forest of the northern hemisphere. Their typical features are mycoheterotrophy and mixotrophy. In the early stage of development the mycoheterotrophy is used to obtain the necessary resources because the seeds do not contain enough substances to germinate. Adult plants then switch to mixotrophy or autotrophy, except P. aphylla. Mixotrophy allows pyroloids to combine inorganic carbon gain obtained from photosyntesis and organic carbon from symbiotic fungi. Mixotrophy of this family can significantly affect other plant species growing in its vicinity through mycelial networks of mycorrhizal fungi and contribute to affecting the structure of the community. At the present, all pyroloids are among the endangered or declining species in our country and in the world. This bachelor project summarizes the knowledge about pyroloids in the field of phylogeny, mycorrhizal symbiosis, ecology, distribution and in vitro cultivation in the form of literature research. In the last chapter I deal with the causes of decline and the possibilities of pyroloid protection. Key words: Pyrolaceae, mixotrophy, mycoheterotrophy, ectomycorrhiza, Pyrola, Chimaphila umbellata, Moneses, Orthilia
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Interaction of arbuscular mycorrhiza and ectomycorrhiza
Jirková, Kateřina ; Janoušková, Martina (advisor) ; Kohout, Petr (referee)
Arbuscular mycorrhiza and ectomycorrhiza are two most common types of mycorrhizal symbiosis formed by different fungal groups. This bachelor thesis addresses their interactions, which can take place in dual hosts, plants that form both types of mycorrhiza simultaneously, at habitats where host plants of the two mycorrhizal types coexist. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi can compete for the colonization of the roots of dual hosts and for nutrients resources in soil. Physiological and ecological differences between both fungal groups can affect the results of the competition, together with a range of factors, such as soil moisture, nutrient content, pollution and the identity of the host plant. Interaction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi may affect the survival and growth of dual hosts and influence competition between different plant species.
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Vliv duální mykorhizy na příjem těžkých kovů vybranými dřevinami čeledi Salicaceae
Kuchár, Michal ; Mrnka, Libor (advisor) ; Kolaříková, Zuzana (referee)
3.2. Abstract Soil contamination by heavy metals represents rather serious environmental problem for both human health and an environment itself. One of the perspective technologies dealing with this threat that only recently has been intensely developed is phytoremediation by means of short rotation coppice plantations. As plants used in this technology (mostly poplars and willows) host two major groups of mycorrhizal fungi substantially influencing plant physiology it is important to study plant-mycobiontheavy metals interactions rather than just plant-heavy metals interactions. The present thesis aimed to contribute to the growing knowledge of the field by search for suitable mycobionts of poplar or willow tolerant to heavy metals, by evaluating an activity of the key antioxidative enzyme in selected mycobionts and by looking at physiological responses of plant hosts to their mycobionts in a soil polluted by heavy metals. The first experiment in vitro focused on screening of morphometric criteria of fungi growing on solid growth media amended with mixture of heavy metals. Based on the results, several tolerant ectomycorrhizal strains were chosen for the next inoculation of fast growing trees serving phytoextraction and phytostabilisation strategies. The second, re-synthetic experiment was conducted in...
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Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in selected beech stands in Blanský les
HEJNA, Ondřej
The diversity and abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi in three beech stands were compared during 2012 and 2013 years in two soil horizons. Individual ectomycorrhizal roots tips were morphologically and anatomically characterized. Representative morphotypes were identified by using molecular methods to confirm and verify ectomycorrhizal fungal species.
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