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Vztah vybraných dendrometrických parametrů dřevin k jejich poškozování bobrem evropským na polesí Tvrdonice
Ejemová, Tereza
The bachelor thesis deals with food ecology of European beaver (Castor fiber) in the the wooded area of Tvrdonice. It examines quantity and quality of usable biomass in the non-growing season, when beavers feed on bark and phloem of woody plants. The main wood species that were studied are: poplar (Populus sp.), willow (Salix sp.), oak (Quercus sp.) and elder (Sambucus sp.). The basis of the methodology is collection enough of woody species and laboratory measurement of volume, weight and content of crude protein in usable biomass. The result is a comparison of biomass in individual trees and determination of their nutritional quality.
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Hodnocení obsahu organických živin a epifytní mikroflóry u vybraných druhů trav
Sankot, Jiří
The work deals with the evaluation of nutrients and epiphytic microflora content in selected grass species Lolium perenne L., Phleum pratensis L., Festuca arundinaceae Schreb. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. X Festuca arundinacea Schreb. 2017 and 2018 at Vatín. The task was to determine the effect of fertilization doses by digestate, harvest year and species on organic nutrient content and epiphytic microflora. The content of nitrogenous substances, fats, fiber, ADF and NDF was evaluated from organic nutrients. The statistically significant (P <0.05) was the year for the effect on the crude protein content. Statistical significance (P <0.05) for fat content was demonstrated only in the species. For the proportion of fiber, ADF and NDF in fodder, the year of harvest, the type of fodder and the fertilizer variant had a statistically significant effect (P <0.05). The second evaluated area in forage was the epiphytic microflora. Only a fertilizer variant was statistically significant in CPM (P <0.05). The year of harvest and the fertilization variant were statistically significant (P <0.05) for BMK. The incidence of Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacteriaceae, the total number of micromycetes and yeasts was not statistically significant from any point of view. In fungi, fertilization was a statistically significant (P <0.05) variant. The effect of digestate fertilization on the amount of nutrients and microorganisms has not been evident.
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Hodnocení obsahu organických živin a mykotoxinů v píci kostřavy rákosovité a jílku vytrvalého
Částková, Monika
This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of the content of mycotoxins and organic nutrients in Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne and Festulolium in the years 2015 to 2018. The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluated if species, year or fertilization can affect content of mycotoxins and organic nutrients in forage. The detected mycotoxins were DON and ZEN evaluated by ELISA. The deoxynivalenol content was significantly influenced by the year (P˂0.05). The lowest mycotoxin DON was detected in 2016, when it was not detected in some samples at all, and in 2017 in all samples. The results for ZEN were similar to those for DON, with similar values for the same species, only for ZEN at lower concentrations than for DON. The difference was in ZEN amounts because ZEN was detected in all samples and evidence of species, year or fertilization effect haven´t been confirmed. Amounts dry matter, nitrogen, fiber, NDF and ADF were determined. The fiber content was significantly influenced by the year (P˂0.05) and species (P˂0.05). The influence of the year (P˂0.05) and species (P˂0.05) was also significant for NDF and ADF. The species (P˂0.05) and species-fertilization interactions (P˂0.05) had significant effect on the content of nitrogen compounds. The results of this work showed that the effects of mycotoxins as well as organic nutrients can be affect by several influences, namely the year mainly for the temperature changes and the annual precipitation, but also the type of forage. Mycotoxins have been detected in most samples, but in low concentrations that they fullfil all permitted limits.
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Možnosti využití NIR spektroskopie pro stanovení kvalitativních parametrů zrna ječmene a sladu
Málková, Tereza
The aim of this work was to create an overview of the possibilities of using NIR spectroscopy for evaluation of grain quality and evaluation of the influence of malting barley varieties, test site and a treatment system for the crude protein content of grain (hereinafter referred to as NL) from harvest 2018.The NL content was determined by NIR spectroscopy. It was found that the change in NL content was statistically significantly influenced by varieties and habitat. The NL content ranged from 12.2 to 13.9 % as average in all test areas. Favorable NL content was found in the Cereal Testing Area (11.9 %). There were statistically significant differences between the treated and untreated variants, except for the Beetroot area. In all test areas, the NL content was affected by a habitat of 79-87 % and a variety of 4-10 %. In the corn test area, the change content is due to 10% variety and 79 % to habitat. On the contrary, in the potato testing area, the variety's influence is only 4 % and the habitat influence is 87 %. The possibility of using the NIR spectroscopy method for barley quality assessment in the case of NL in grain was successfully verified.
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Výživa masného skotu
Žilinec, Marek
The aim of work was to explain the principles and nutritional needs of meat cattle. Work is gradually dealt with the origin of meat breeds, their distribution according to certain criteria, basic characteristics and description of some selected meat cattle breeds, which are in this area most often bred. Then is explained the nutrition of the cattle itself - to digestion in the foresto-mach, grazing of the cattle, the need to feed dry matter, the need for water and the importance of its direct. In work are explain requirements and needs of meat cattle for nutrients and energy derived from feed. In work is attend to need for energy and nitrogenous substances for the proper functioning of the organism, their evaluation, and the amount that the animal must accept in order to be able to rescue, but mainly, subsequent production. The work also includes mineral and vitamin nutrition, which is essential for proper metabolic processes in the body. Subsequ-ently, the work deals with the nutrition of the individual cattle categories, from calves, bulls and heifers to pregnant cows and heifers. Another main points of my work is nutrition and fattening of bulls in intensive and extensive breeding conditions. The basic differences in the individual systems of fattening bulls are also described. The last part of work is focused on nutrition and performance of meat cattle of particular breeding and comparison of breeding with principles of nutrition, which is given by literature.
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Vliv zralosti kukuřice na obsah živin
Hladíková, Jaroslava
The bachelor thesis deals with the effect of maize maturity on nutrient content. It describes the characteristics of maize, the digestive system of ruminant animals and the digestion of nutrients. The energy, nitrogen, fiber and starch content are in the world evaluated by many systems and their interconnection is often very complex. In the part of the thesis are also samples of maize evaluated. The NDF content is the highest in the dry matter of 22-27%, in the waxy-milk maturity phase and the lowest in the dry matter of 40-44%, in the phase of glassy maturity. Its content with rising dry matter gradually decreases. The starch content is highest in the dry matter of 40-44%, at the glassy maturity stage. The lowest in the dry matter is 22-27%, in the phase of waxy-milk ripeness. Its content with increasing dry matter is growing. The digestibility of NDF should decrease with increasing dry matter, which has not been confirmed in our case.
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Možnosti snížení obsahu dusíkatých látek v krmných směsích pro brojlerová kuřata
Rada, Vojtěch
The aim of the dissertation was to investigate the effect of exogenous protease (EP) in feed mixtures (FM) for broiler chickens with reduced crude protein (CP) content by 4 and 8 % on growth parameters, carcass quality, apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and protease activity in the jejunum of broiler chickens. At the same time, the effect of EP on the given parameters was investigated at the increased level of rape seed meal (RSM) in FM. The addition of EP to KS with a 4% reduction in CP did not have a statistically significant (P> 0,05) effect on growth, conversion and feed intake, quality of carcass, nor on the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and protease activity in jejunum of the broiler chicken. Higher content of RSM in FM with a 4% CP reduction negatively (P <0.05) affected the protease activity in the jejunum. The addition of EP into FM with an 8% CP reduction statistically (P <0.05) increased the average live weight of broilers on the 17th and 24th day of the age. At a higher age, EP has not influenced on the live weight of broilers and the overall feed conversion. Females chickens consumed FM with 8% CP reduction had a significantly lower (P <0.05) weight of breast muscle and carcass value. Adding protease to FM with an 8% CP reduction statistically significantly (P <0.001) decreased the digestibility of Pro and Tyr (P <0.05). The EP had no significant (P> 0.05) effect on protease activity in the jejunum of broilers with FM intake with an 8% CP reduction. Higher content of RSM in FM with an 8% CP reduction significantly decreased (P <0.05) apparent ileal digestibility of Pro and significanlty (P <0.05) increased protease activity in broilers jejunum.
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Basic chemical properties of fruits of selected cherry varieties
Chmil, Vojtěch ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
Diploma thesis is focused on chemical characteristics of nine selected sweet cherry varieties in nine parameters. Total and soluble solids were analyzed with these results 13.07–16.58 % for total and 14.67–19.50 °Brix for soluble solids, ash content 0,31–0,39 %, titratable acidity 5.44–9.91 g of malic acid per 1 kg of fresh cherries and formol number 14.45–23.73 ml of 0.1 M NaOH per 100 g of cherries. Then there were analyzed crude proteins content calculated from total nitrogen content determined by Kjeldahl method with results 0.41–0.68 % of crude proteins. Molecular absorption UV/VIS spectrophotometry was used for determination of total phenolic substances 0.30–0.89 g of gallic acid per 1 kg of cherries and total content of anthocyanins 128–848 mg of cyanidine-3-glucoside in 1 kg of cherries. Saccharides were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ELSD detector. Content of glucose was 45.45–59.49 g/kg and fructose 46.88–60.01 g/kg. All results are compiled using tables and graphs and discussed. Experimental part of the thesis also describes principles and procedures of every analysis, so it can be reproduced. In theoretical part there is described botanical characteristic of cherry tree (Prunus avium L.), active substances contained in its fruits and their use in food industry. At the end of the theoretical part there is described instrumentation of high-performance liquid chromatography.
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Evaluation of modifications in content of selected bioactive substances in flax (\kur{Linum usitatissimum} L.) seeds during germination
HAŠKOVÁ, Kateřina
This thesis focus on analysing effect of germination on some groups of bioactive compounds in flaxseed. We used flaxseed variety named Libra. Its germination was 10 days long, done in two different conditions: in the dark and fully iluminated for 24 hours daily. Samples were taken on 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th day. Following analyses were performed: determination of dry matter content, lipid content, content of nitrogenous compounds, content of proteins and protein spectrum, chlorophyll content, content of total polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Content of dry mater was proved to decrease during germination as well as lipid content regardless of light conditions. Amount of nitrogenous compounds stayed relatively unchanged during germination. Whereas amount of proteins increased depending on duration of germination and light conditions. Hydrolysis of proteins during germination was proved by protein spectrum analysis. Content of chlorophyll inreased in light-germinated seeds only. Increasing effect of germination on total polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity was proven as well. Moreover aproximately two-fold rise of values was reported after defatting of samples.
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The basic chemical parameters of several varieties of sour cherries
Komárek, Šimon ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with determination of basic chemical parameters in sour cherry (Prunus cerasus). Three different cultivars Köröšská, Pandy 6039 and Šumadinka were examined. The content of total solids varied from 13,32 to 15,22 %, soluble solid content amounted for 12,04–14,60 %, ash 0,4 %, reducing sugars 4,9–6,9 %, nitrogenous substances 0,11–0,12 %, L-ascorbic acid 343–456 mg/kg. Titratable acidity ranged from 15,1 to 21,8 g malic acid equivalent/kg, formol number 268–373 ml of 0,1 NaOH/kg. Total anthocyanins varied from 308 to 1104 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalent/kg and total phenolics ranged from 1,05 to 3,99 g gallic acid equivalent/kg. All data are applied to fresh fruit weight.
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