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Michel Foucault: The Term "Economy" in the Work The Order of Things
Mareš, Richard ; Marcelli, Miroslav (advisor) ; Švantner, Martin (referee)
The thesis interprets the development of Foucault's thinking and within The Order of Things it subjects the whole concept of economy to critical reflection and defines the structure and dynamics on which the term is built. My work progresses from the abstract issue of Foucault's thinking to specific theories related to the topic. The first part is focused on the key changes and breaks across the author's thinking and work and forms the basis for a comparison of The Order of Things with a broader view of Foucault's thinking. Then I follow with economic theory basis in The Order of Things and define terms such as monetary theory, value theory, wealth analysis and other that are directly connected with economic issues. I focus on authors of economic theories who have influenced Foucault's thinking or are differently connected with my explication, e.g. Adam Smith, David Ricardo or Karl Marx. In the final part of the thesis I compare Foucault's thoughts and conclusions with the philosophy of Louis Althusser in his book Reading Capital which is based on Karl Marx's theories. The focus is mainly on the interpretation of modern episteme which is in The Order of Things directly related to the term of economy. I introduce common and different attributes of Althusser's and Foucault's thinking and present my...
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The term "discourse" in Foucault's work
Vácha, Ondřej ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
The Bachelor Degree Thesis "The Term 'Discourse' in Foucault's work" focuses on elaboration of basic questions connected with Foucault's theory of discourses. It questions, whether the project is self-refuting or not and what are the main goals of the project. An analysis of R.Rorty's text "Foucault and epistemology" introduces the question what is the relation between classical epistemological tradition and Foucault's archaeology. For elaboration of this question the thesis analyses Foucault's text called "The Order of Discourse" and mainly "The Archaeology of knowledge". It concludes that Foucault's theory at it's roots enables to use the term "discourse" in such a wide significance, that Foucault can use the term as the base for a narrow interconnection of epistemology and political philosophy.
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Development of professional and public policy discourse in certain documents of antidrug policy in the Czech Republic
Chmelová, Eliška ; Mouralová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Nekola, Martin (referee)
This paper deals with a development of certain aspects of discourse between authors of technical and policy science papers pertaining to antidrug policies in time period of 1993 - 2010. The basic question of my research is: What kind of discourse has been taking place among the authors of these documents? I try to asses whether this discourse has changed over the years and how. I analyze those selected documents that were essential for establishing of antidrug policy and development this policy has undergone from the beginning until now. My paper examines progress and changes in labeling the problem itself, labeling of actual users and approach to proposed solutions. Analysis of content focuses on hidden meanings in the language used and uncovers attitudes and opinions of the authors in regard of drug problem. My study also describes the development of antidrug policy in Czech Republic during the above mentioned period and in this context describes and labels those aspects of system of values that have served as basis for key documents of antidrug policy. As a theoretical framework I have chosen a theory based on premiss that language used by authors of the documents also has impact on the situation of the actual users themselves.
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Home childbirths in the context of the Czech health
Cuřínová, Veronika Mariana ; Angelovská, Olga (advisor) ; Vlčková, Kamila (referee)
This thesis deals with framing of homebirths in the Czech Republic. It is focused on the interpretation of homebirths in the Czech mass and alternative media. The goal of this paper is find out what kind of discourse dominate about homebirths in public discussion, against which attitude to childbirth it is in conflict and if this interpretation correspond with "real" practise of homebirths. I used discourse analysis for uncover discourses in Czech media and the in-depth interview with mothers for detecting the process, risks and experience of homebirth (was compared with the experience of childbirths in hospital). The secondary goal of the thesis is to discover how much are reflected the people involved in this issue. Theoretically, the paper is based on framing theory and the concept of human rights. The sources of analysis are composed of the Czech media articles (2014-2017) and the statements of mothers interviewed.
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Discourse on multilateralism: USA, EU and Japan
Kolmaš, Michal ; Drulák, Petr (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee) ; Beneš, Vít (referee)
The aim of this dissertation, titled "Multilateralism in discourse: USA, EU and Japan" is to pinpoint differences in perceptions of basic policy concepts across various intellectual traditions. The dissertation is based in the presumption that cultural,intellectual and language context are inseparable parts of our perception of reality and terms, through which we describe it. For the interpretation of these cultural differences, the thesis chose three actors with different cultural, historical and language traditions. In their respective discourses, the thesis interpreted the perception of a basic term of international relations - multilateralism. The discursive perception of multilateralism was connected to a theoretical typology of motivation for the priority for multilateralism over other forms of foreign policy behavior - instrumental, moral and social. This typology was tested against the interpretation of multilateralism on two case studies: the War on Terror and the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol. By doing so, the thesis found out that although there is a single shared definition of multilateralism, individual perceptions on the concept's value and role are significantly differing. The United States prefer instrumental logic, the European Union prefers moral logic and Japan oscillates between...
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Structuralism and Concept of Discourse in the Work of Paul Ricoeur
Skoumal, Petr ; Borecký, Felix (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on structuralism and concept of discourse in the work of French philosopher Paul Ricoeur. The aim of the thesis is to show Ricoeur's effort to interconnect structuralism and hermeneutics and, after this, to treat how this interconnection works as a general paradigm of human sciences. The point of departure is Ricoeur's revision of Saussurean structural approach which divides language into language system (langue) and speaking (parole). Then, the concept of discourse is grounded and the thesis proceeds to problems of text. By using the concept of discourse for written forms of language (texts), Ricoeur introduces this term to his hermeneutical approach. Its interconnection with structuralism is made possible by circular dialectics of explanation and understanding in which structuralism is shown to be necessary for the hermeneutical knowledge. Ricoeur's hermeneutical thought is also characterised by movement from text to action. Ricoeur finds some parallels between them and between the interpretations of them. By this, he proceeds from hermeneutics of text to hermeneutics of action and presents his conclusions as a general paradigm of human sciences. These are said to have a hermeneutical nature. However, according to Ricoeur, the deep hermeneutical comprehension is...
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Seek Russians behind everything: Critical research of "Russian disinformation campaign" discourse in the Czech republic
Čech, Adam ; Rychnovská, Dagmar (advisor) ; Záhora, Jakub (referee)
of diploma thesis ‚Seek Russians behind everything: Critical research of "Russian disinformation campaign" discourse in the Czech republic'. Author: Bc. Adam Čech Supervised by: Dagmar Rychnovská, M.A., LL.M., Ph.D. Study programme: International relations Year of work defence: 2019 This study researches the "Russian disinformation campaign threat" discourse, that was established in the Czech republic since 2014. The study utilizes a method termed for the purpose of this work as "lesser discourse analysis". It explores the origins and influences that played a role in creation of a specific understanding of the topic. Subsequently it engages in a critical analysis of the discourse and assesses whether the understanding of the Russian hybrid threat, especially regarding the disinformation, is legitimate and based on known facts and correct interpretation of them, or whether it is not (partially) based on delusions, myths, logical shortcuts, misinformation (or possibly disinformation) on part of the creators and active participators of the discourse. The study also presents a set of recommendations to "straighten" the discourse on this important topic. The study engages in analysing of the process of the agenda-setting regarding the topic through the lenses of "securitization theory ". It identifies...
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The ideal of women beauty before and after 1989 - discourse analysis of Vlasta magazine
Bělinová, Helena ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Šmídová, Olga (referee)
The thesis interprets the ideal of women beauty before and after 1989 in terms of sociological and culture discourse in Vlasta magazine. The key premise of the thesis is the claim that ideal of women beauty differs before and after 1989. It is possible to expect influence of politic system, social structure and culture forms on discourse of women beauty. Character of this thesis is theoretically-empiric. The sociologic gender theory serves as the frame for chosen topic. Research is based on analysis of discourse of women beauty in Vlasta magazine in 1975 and 2005. The goal of overall analysis is to provide series of detailed analysis which describe general magazine topics and role of the magazine in certain historical period beside discourse of beauty. I have chosen qualitative sociological method called discursive analysis for my thesis. Ambition of the thesis is to analyze one specific social discourse and introduce all key social, historical and culture aspects which can influence the discourse and use Vlasta magazine as its concrete case. Keywords Ideal of women beauty, discourse, media discourse, gender, discursive analysis, Vlasta magazine, transformation, socialism, media, gender stereotypes, gender socialization
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Formation of witness testimonies collected at CVH Malach
Strouhal, Matěj ; Grygar, Jakub (advisor) ; Kabele, Jiří (referee)
Ve své práci ukazuji na svědeckých záznamech přístupných v Malach jakými způsoby je utvářeno svědectví. To ve své práci vnímám jako specifický žánr, který je ovlivňován zároveň diskursem a pravidly vyprávění. Ve své práci se pokouším ukázat způsoby, tomu dochází, a tím přispět k lepšímu pochopení svědectví jako takového. Důvodem této snahy je pak mimo jiné i vzrůstající míra využívání svědectví k vzdělávacím účelům, ve kterých se původně doplňkové funkce ve vzta historiografii dostává svědectví stále více prostoru i jako vlastnímu zdroji informací. Skrze výpovědi pamětníků je svědectví schopné přenášet nejen prosté informace, ale díky své autenticitě také emoce a morální apel. Ve své práci na materiálech USC Shoah Foundation Institute ukazuji způsoby, kterými dochází jak k omezování vyprávění diskursem, tak příklady, ve kterých nachází vyprávění v diskursu oporu, či taková, ve kterých se projevuje moc vyprávění nad diskursem. K tomuto závěru docházím na základě analyzování oficiálních dokumentů nadace USC Shoah Foundation Institute. Mezi ně patří podklady pro tazatele a pamětníky, které mají zmiňovaní k dispozici dříve, než je videozáznam pořizován. Dále pak návody pro katalogizování a indexování získaných svědeckých záznamů a příručka pro uživatele archivu. Ve druhé části analýzy se pak soustředím na obsah...
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