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The Dietary System in Hospitals in the Czech Republic: Reality and Objective Needs
Pokorná, Daniela ; Kohout, Pavel (advisor) ; Humlová, Renata (referee)
Author: Pokorná Daniela Institution: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 1. lékařská fakulta Title: The Dietary System in Hostitals in the Czech Republic: Reality and Objective Needs Tutor: Doc.MUDr.PavelKohout,PhD. Numberofpages: 88 Numberofsupplements: 6 Year: 2011 Keywords: diet, dietary system, dietology, dietotherapy, nutritional therapist, reality, objective needs This paper deals with the dietary system in the facilities in the Czech Republic, particularly in hospitals, with the focus on reality and objective needs. It is divided into two parts - theoretical and research part. The theoretical part explains the terms such as dietology, diet, nutritional therapist, and subsequently the history, present state and possible future of the dietary system in the Czech Republic. In the research part, the reality and objective needs in the given field are explored. The focus is on objective conclusions of the research exploration as well as on initiatives and comments from professionals in the particular facilities. Three hypotheses were set and subsequently examined. The above data was obtained from facilities such as hospital, spas and health resorts, and senior homes. The research was basic and quantitative in nature; data- collecting was done using a questionnaire. Basing on ideas and comments from the...
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Eating habits of clients after cardiac and vascular incidents
Šatrová, Jiřina ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Goláň, Lubor (referee)
The thesis is divided into two parts, the theoretical and research. The theoretical part deals with the issues dyslipoproteinemia and their classification. generally describes a composition of different types of lipid and versatile metabolism. Discusses about the risk factors of atherosclerosis and the originator of cardiovascular disease. Finally analyzes in detail of treatment of dyslipidemia, ie. Pharmacotherapy and summarize the principles of diet therapy, adherence to proper diet and draws attention to preventive measures The aim of the research part is real verification of awareness and level of patient's eating habits after cardiac and vascular insufficiency.
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Body mass reduction in adults
Musilová, Andrea ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Coufalová, Klára (referee)
Title: Reduction of body weight of adults. Objectives: Aim of this thesis is to find out how many people have resorted to reduce their weight, for what reason and whether their attempts were successful. Methods: In my thesis I questioned 246 randomly selected respondents. Questioning was done by the form of inquiry. Respondents were people who live around me and my family. The condition for completing the questionnaire was age of 18 years or older, and access to an internet connection. Survey form was distributed electronically. Results: I found out that 38% of respondents aren't satisfied with their weight and therefore they usually decide to follow various forms of reducing modes. 82% of them follows different kinds of diets (reducing modes) multiple times. The reason for that is going back to regular diet habits and lack of exercise out of diet mode. 73% of respondents confirmed high activity during reducing modes, I consider that successfull. Keywords: Dietotherapy, active regiment, drinks regiment, the basic components of diet
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The Dietary System in Hospitals in the Czech Republic: Reality and Objective Needs
Pokorná, Daniela ; Kohout, Pavel (advisor) ; Humlová, Renata (referee)
Author: Pokorná Daniela Institution: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 1. lékařská fakulta Title: The Dietary System in Hostitals in the Czech Republic: Reality and Objective Needs Tutor: Doc.MUDr.PavelKohout,PhD. Numberofpages: 88 Numberofsupplements: 6 Year: 2011 Keywords: diet, dietary system, dietology, dietotherapy, nutritional therapist, reality, objective needs This paper deals with the dietary system in the facilities in the Czech Republic, particularly in hospitals, with the focus on reality and objective needs. It is divided into two parts - theoretical and research part. The theoretical part explains the terms such as dietology, diet, nutritional therapist, and subsequently the history, present state and possible future of the dietary system in the Czech Republic. In the research part, the reality and objective needs in the given field are explored. The focus is on objective conclusions of the research exploration as well as on initiatives and comments from professionals in the particular facilities. Three hypotheses were set and subsequently examined. The above data was obtained from facilities such as hospital, spas and health resorts, and senior homes. The research was basic and quantitative in nature; data- collecting was done using a questionnaire. Basing on ideas and comments from the...
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The issues of anorexia nervosa in childhood
ROUBÍKOVÁ, Alice
Anorexia Nervosa is being described as an extreme starving. According to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, it is a disease caused by an intentional weight loss, when the patient avoids most of the meals and uses other ways to lose his weight, for example induced vomiting, using laxatives, diuretics, excessive physical activity. Anorexia Nervosa means not only a physical illness, mostly a psychological disease. Anorexia Nervosa starts usually in the childhood, when children are at the age of 14-18, but can appear later as well. It is usual when there come some complicated situations and events and the child can?t deal with them. Sources say that the Anti-Anorexia programs are connected with the nursery and the elementary schools, but unfortunately the reality is quite different. All the same, many of the therapies prepared for the treatment of this disease, are not even being used. And I know this due to my own experiences. In this work I have been trying to chart the foreign and the Czech literature, magazines and newspaper, brochures and other internet-sources professional as well as the general, for their authenticity, and of course, most of them were the book sources. I wrote this thesis named ?The Issue of Anorexia Nervosa in Childhood? using a theoretical form of writing, and it shall introduce you to this illness from its beginning, through its symptoms, prevention, treatment to the nursing care, which is very important as well as it is very difficult. It shall also familiarize you with the opinions and the thoughts of the patients themselves. This work is concerned with the issues of Anorexia Nervosa in children. Anorexia Nervosa, as an eating disorder, is still in spite of the mortality numbers an overlooked problem moving the human society all over the world. And yet, it is right the society of the last years contributing on the rise of the numbers of disordered children, who are younger and younger. They find out, with the speed of the world?s progress, that almost everything they want they can have in a little while, and so the girls longing for the extremely thin body happen to become the ?victims? of this disorder without sensing the danger of their drastic methods to reach their ?goal? as quick as possible leading more and more often to the worse ? death. But it is only if their surroundings don?t strike immediately and the children don?t get the medical care and monitoring, or they themselves don?t ty to find the help, which still happens to be the most rare. The causes of this desease are certainly not common for everyone. It depends on the surroundings of the patients, genetic predispositions ? as for the obesity ? and their mental condition. There are many studies discussing the prevention of Anorexia Nervosa, but it is not so certain which influence of today?s society has the greatest part on causing this disease. I suppose this is one of the signs of the deceitfulness of this disease. The main attention is directed to the medical care for the girls affected by the Anorexia Nervosa itself. After the hospitalization there must be the summary of the objectives of the care set, for example reaching and accepting the healthy body weight, changing the patients? self-evaluation, changing their attitude to food and catering, reorganizing their problematic attitude and behaviour in the following life and taking of a responsible approach for solving their own problems. Then the pharmacotherapy is very important for the patients to get either, antidepressants or neuroleptics, or rarely anxiolytics. Some certain sources state the absolute inefficacy of the pharmacies during the treatment for Anorexia Nervosa.
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Nutrition of dialysis patient
ŠIKOLOVÁ, Nela
My Bachelor's thesis ,,Nutrition of dialyzed patient" is divided into two parts, the theoretical and practical one. The theoretical one consists of eight chapters. The first chapter deals with kidney anatomy. I briefly describe the shape, size, position and vascular supply to kidneys. I also mention the basic functional unit - nephron, as well as primary and final urine creation which is connected with it. The second chapter is focused on three main kidney functions. The first one is excretory which means elimination of waste and extraneous substances. The second function is metabolic when kidneys participate in managing ions and water in the body and thus they keep homeostasis of internal environment. The third function is endocrine; in the course of this function, kidneys secrete renin, kallikrein, prostaglandins, and erythropoetin and they participate in vitamin D metabolism and degradation of insulin. In the third chapter I characterize kidney diseases and I try to reveal the main causes of their formation. I specifically deal with primary and secondary glomerulopathy, acute, sub-acute and chronic glomerulonephritis. The conclusion of this chapter is devoted to acute and chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis; moreover I mention the most frequent hereditary kidney diseases. In the fourth chapter, I describe renal insufficiency and renal failure which is divided into acute and chronic. Acute renal failure is divided according to its main cause into pre-renal (functional), renal (impairment of renal parenchyma) and post-renal (urological). Chronic renal failure is divided according to KDOQI classification into five stages. The fifth chapter is devoted to metabolic effects (consequences) of renal diseases when the impairment of excretory, metabolic and endocrine renal function occurs (endocrine renal function influences all our body). I aim at acid-base disturbances, water and electrolyte metabolism, calcium-phosphate metabolism, hormonal function, metabolism of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements. In the sixth chapter, I illustrate the diversity of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration and peritoneal dialysis. In the seventh chapter, I mention a kidney transplant, which is possible from a living donor or cadaver program. The eight chapter is the core of my Bachelor?s work. I deal with dietary and lifestyle changes in patients before a dialysis therapy, during dialysis therapy, and after a kidney transplant. For the practical part, I have chosen some methods of quantitative research. The purpose of the research part was to investigate awareness of dietary regime and how the respondents (patients in chronic dialysis programme in the Hospital in České Budějovice, a.s.) comply with it. I have stated the research question as follows ,,How do dialysed patients comply with dietary regime?". I have applied a method of data gathering which was carried out by means of an anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 28 questions, out of which 12 questions are close and 16 are open. The starting point for the evaluation of results of following dialysis regime was questions number 6 to 27. Out of 22 questions, the respondent who follows the diet should have replied 12 and more questions correctly. The results based on a sample population have shown that 25 respondents on dialysis do not follow the dietary regime, while only 15 respondents do follow it. If the dialysis diet is not kept, not only the prognosis of treatment is negatively affected, but first of all medical condition of the patient is being aggravated. To address this problem, I recommend a consultation with a nutrition therapist who would thoroughly educate the patient, especially in terms of main principles in dialysis treatment. The therapist would also compile a diet individually for each patient based on their actual medical condition.
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The nutrition specifics of patients with chronic renal failure in pre-haemodialysis and haemodialysis programmes.
PAVLÍKOVÁ, Andrea
Chronic renal insufficiency tends to worsen gradually until it gets to the stage of kidney failure, often despite the prescribed adequate treatment. The duration of this period of nephrology dispensarization may differ. Kidneys lose their cleaning ability within ten years, which leads to accumulation of metabolism waste products in the body. If the primary renal disease graduates to the final stage the patient depends on substitute kidney therapy in the form of haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or transplantation. Kidney failure treatment depends on the stage of renal function impairment. Modification of eating habits is also closely related to this fact. In the first stage of insufficiency the diet does not substantially differ from normal healthy nourishment principles. Only later gradual limitation of intake of the individual nutrients is necessary. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to map specific requirements for nourishment of patients suffering from chronic kidney failure that have not been included in a dialysis programme yet, contrary to individuals who already visit a dialysis centre and regularly undertake blood cleaning process. A lot of professional literature had to be studied to obtain necessary information for preparation of adequate diet regimen. Scientific bibliographic publications by Czech as well as foreign authors were used as the source on the one hand and the latest findings resulting from randomized multicentric studies had to be found in journals specialized in kidney diseases and nourishment on the other hand. Nourishment recommendations for patients with chronic kidney failure, which are divided into low-protein diet in conservative therapy and limitation of nutrient intake in patients included in the haemodialysis programme, were elaborated upon the obtained information.
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