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Samuel P. Huntington and his contribution to the historical sociology
Mrázek, Jaroslav ; Černý, Karel (advisor) ; Maslowski, Nicolas (referee)
This graduation thesis is trying to examine the work of the American political scientist Samuel P. Huntington and refers to his contribution to the historical sociology. This work presents the most important theses, sets them into the context, possibly compares them with ideas or works of another social scientists. The first part of the work deals with this author as a person, with his professional life and makes clear a selection of the studies, which forms a skeleton of this thesis. The work is trying to describe concepts, which are in some relation with social change. First of all it means modernization, democratization, civil-military relations, civilizations analysis, multiculturalism, crisis of democracy and crisis of american identity. The work follows the chronology, in which author's books were being out. This is a reason, why the themes are presented in order, in which Huntington was focusing on them. The chronological aspect falls back, when the themes are mentioned by author in another books. The end of the work points out the contribution of Samuel Huntington to the historical sociology and in general adverts to importance of his work. Keywords: civil-military relations, modernization, democratization, civilization, identity, political order, multiculturalism, uni-multipolar system, islam
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The Comparative Analysis of Ukraine's Elections in Relation to The Theory of The Hybrid Regimes
Kubrychtová, Veronika ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Žídková, Markéta (referee)
This diploma thesis is devoted to the comparative analysis of presidential elections in Ukraine in relation to the theory of hybrid regimes. First, the thesis illuminates the events that happened in the beginning of the Ukrainian independence which affected the distribution of power between executive and legislative branches. The comparative analysis is applied to the particular elections in the years 1999, 2004 and 2010 with emphasis on the pre-electoral campaigns, legislative changes, election process, respect to rules, election results and the fundamental events which influenced the elections. Next, the thesis analyses elections mentioned above on the ground of the elected theories of hybrid regimes with the goal to assess to their democratic character.
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The effect of democratization on the state of civil society in Cambodia between 1991 to 2015
Rostek, Ondřej ; Pajas, Petr (advisor) ; Benyovszky, Selma (referee)
This dissertation deals with the civil society in Cambodia, according to the democratization of the country. After the turbulent times that were full of bloody conflicts the country in 1991 initially joined the path of democracy, but soon after that the governing regime shifted the orientation of the country toward authoritarianism. This complicated situation in the country after several decades was making the existence of civil society and western type non-profit sector impossible. Also, the situation concerning civil and political freedoms in the country was very controversial. The aim of the thesis is, through a secondary source analysis to describe the structure of civil society and the obstacles that it must deal with, in the background of the democratization process of the country.
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Non-violent resistance: Case Study Egypt
Hodorová, Barbora ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Kochan, Jan (referee)
This thesis is devoted to the issue of non-violent resistance. It focuses on identifying factors that affect the success of non-violent campaigns. The paper presents and compares different types of resistance in achieving strategic objectives, particularly in terms of post-conflict democratic order of the country. The central premise of this thesis is that nonviolent campaigns bring a more fertile ground for developing a democratic regime opposed to their violent counterparts. The analyzed object in this paper is the Arab Spring in Egypt, specifically the course and the outcome of this non-violent revolution of 2011. The aim of this study is to identify the factors that influenced the course of the uprising and which ultimately led to the backfiring of this seemingly successful non-violent struggle in Egypt.
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Mexico after general elections 2012: Successful reforms or wishful thinking?
Khamidova, Aziza ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Paulenková, Kristína (referee)
The central topic of analysis in the master thesis is the general elections in Mexico in 2012 and their influence on the ongoing reform process in the country. The emphasis is put on the effect of conducted reforms and the extent to which they are influenced by the separation of powers in the Mexican presidential system, the Congress itself, the power of the presidents the role of the political parties, the nature of the presidential systems in general, as well as the civil society i.e. the public. There has been a certain amount of criticism that the new, PRI political strategy is simply a portrait of the so called "dinosaur elite" and it is not working towards completing the needs of the people. The aim of the master thesis therefore is firstly to define the nature of the presidential systems, to elaborate any potential deadlocks and limitations that the system might impose in the reform process, and afterwards to represent the extent to which different factors influence the actual reform process in Mexico lead by the President Nieto. The research question aims to respond whether the current structural reforms are well maintained in terms of their effectiveness and in terms of gaining support from the remaining parties in the Congress, or the situation needs to be approved from another angle. In other words, it is crucial to show to what extent the newly elected political leadership in Mexico, as of 2012, had so far reformed the country in regard of strengthening the democracy, improving the economic situation by reducing the growing income inequality amongst the people, as well as working on the security improvement of the country.
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Contemporary Vietnam: 30 years of development towards democracy?
Duongová, Hong Nhung ; Druláková, Radka (advisor) ; Werner, Jan (referee)
Since the Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam decided to adopt the programme of Doi Moi (reform programme of economic renovation) in 1986, Vietnam has been experiencing substantial economic and social transformation. The country moved from the centrally planned economy, underwent reforms in agriculture and state-owned enterprises, and pursued the trade liberalization. How are the modernization processes reflected in the political development of Vietnam? Is the country poised for the future democratization? What are the obstacles for shifting to democracy? The aim of the thesis is to find answers for these questions using the theoretical framework of selected criteria of classical theories of democracy. The issue is examined at the economic, political and social level.
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Perspectives of democratization in the Arab world
Kaliyeva, Aziza ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Novotná, Yvona (referee)
"Arab World" is the only region in the world that lacks democratic values. However, back in December 2010, the authoritarian regimes of the Middle East had faced rapid and remarkable political change under the dynamics of the so-called "Arab Spring". The existing regimes in some of the Arab countries have met the popular opposition that demanded for the changes towards democratization processes, which was perceived by many scholars as a positive factor to the emergence of democracy. Since then, the question of the perspective of democratization of the Arab world has come to the agenda of most political debates. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to discuss and analyze whether democracy is able to develop in Arab region, what are the main challenges to it and whether in the past four years Arab Spring has facilitated the transformation of the political regimes.
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Intervention in Afghanistan: Soviet and American experience
Tzoumas, Janis ; Matějka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Knotková, Vladimíra (referee)
This diploma thesis analyzes the approach of the Soviet Union and that of the US-led coalition to state-building in Afghanistan, which today, as in the past, takes place against the backdrop of counterinsurgency warfare. The analysis in the field of politics, economy and security shows that in both cases the intervening powers have focused on building a strongly centralized system of government, in spite of the fact that the Afghan countryside's relationship to the Kabul-based government had traditionally been characterized by broad autonomy. The intervening powers' efforts have futhermore been associated with the export of exogenous political structures and for this reason attention is also drawn to the question to what extent the intervening powers' approach to the modernization of Afghan society has contributed to the escalation of unrelenting conflict.
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Prague Spring 1968 - conflict of interpretations
Hlaváčová, Kamila ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Houda, Přemysl (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the period of the Prague Spring which was significant for the Czechoslovak history. This period is characterized by an attempt of Czechoslovak politicians and society to establish a specific path to socialism. Main aim of the thesis is to answer the question of whether the process of revival of the 60s carried a potential for political pluralism and a possibility of democratization or whether the process should be rather seen as liberalization. Answer to this question is sought primarily through an analysis of historical documents, drafts of reforms and through a process of formation of non-communist organizations.
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When do stable democracies emerge? Mending the view of economics and political science
Kovář, Kamil ; Müller, Karel (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (referee)
This thesis deals with the economic theories of democracy and democratization and their synthesis with political science theories. First discussed is the 'static' model of Acemoglu and Robinson (2006), which focuses on economically motivated political conflict between elites and masses, and in which stable democracy emerges in countries with medium levels of economic inequality. The second discussed 'dynamic' approach comes from the North, Wallis and Weingast (2009), who postulate the existence of two social orders that inextricably combine economic and political elements . In the third chapter I argue that the economic models of democratization are not able to capture the dramatic spread of democracy around the world in the last three decades. For this purpose, they would have to include normative preference for dermokracy and political science concept of legitimacy. It is concluded that the synthesis of economic and political science models is essential for proper understanding of emergence of stable democracies.
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