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Central sterilization department and its importance in hospital facilities
Nápravová, Barbara ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Haluzíková, Jana (referee)
The bachelor's thesis entitled "Central sterilization and its importance in a hospital facilities" deals with the role of the central sterilization department, describes its main purpose in a medical facility and tries to provide a more detailed description of the operations that take place there. Objective: The aim of the work was not only to introduce methods of sterilization, but also to find out the level of knowledge of general and practical nurses about the correct handling of sterile medical devices. The aim of the research part was also to verify knowledge regarding the correct implementation of sterile material control and decontamination of biologically contaminated medical devices. Sample and methods: The research was carried out in the form of an electronic questionnaire of our own design, which contained twenty items. It was distributed in outpatient clinics, inpatient wards and central operating rooms in the Military University Hospital Prague at the beginning of 2024. The research group consisted of 72 respondents, of which 27 were included in outpatient service, 22 in inpatient wards and 23 from central operating rooms. Results: According to the data analysis, it was found that 14 nurses (19,44 %) could not correctly determine the color of the chemical indicator on the seam of the...
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Management of infectious waste
Martinek, Karel ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Konečná, Eva (advisor)
The aim of the thesis is the summary of processing rules, handling and disposal of waste from medical facilities in the Czech Republic and comparison of approach with other countries. Legislation of dangerous waste varies from country to country. Slight differences are also observed in the conception of individual regions of Czechia. Increasingly, infectious waste is decontaminated before final disposal by incineration. The thesis provides basic information, advantages or disadvantages of individual decontamination methods and comparison of some of them.
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Facilities of Civil Protection for Decontamination of Persons
Fiala, Jiří ; Doležel, Ludvík (referee) ; Svoboda, Bohuslav (advisor)
The risk of leakage of dangerous chemicals, or their misuse against the civilian population is very high in modern times. Even a small group of people can create(be) a threat to a large population. The solution is in properly training, solutions and implementation of projects in the field of population protection to cope with any emergency situation,so including the right solution for mass decontamination of people in CBRN events.
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Decontamination of Persons at Medical Facilites during CBR Events
Magulová, Eva ; Urbánek, Pavel (referee) ; Rosická, Zdena (advisor)
The aim of this work is the effort to bring new insight into the possibility of decontamination in healthcare facilities. In the first part are briefly explained keywords. The second part is a brief preview of the sarin attack in the Tokyo metro and the cooperation of Japanese rescue system in this event. It is followed by estimated procedure of integrated rescue system of the Czech Republic at the same event in the Czech Republic. Then is a proposal of some problems arising from improvised decontamination in the unequipped hospital and a proposal for the possible course of decontamination in a medical device.
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Extraction Detoxification of Sensitive Components
Andrle, Marek ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (referee) ; Skoumal, Miroslav (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Solvent extraction is one of the methods available for the decontamination of sensitive equipments that are contaminated with chemical warfare agents. The efficiency of extraction method have been verified on the samples, (steel or rubber) that have been contaminated with drops of mustard gas. These samples have been inserted into the extraction flow cell through which solvent (ethoxynonafluorobutane - HFE-7200) flowed. The solvent was sampled in the time intervals. These samples of solvent were analysed for the concentration of mustard gas. Process of extraction was monitored for the three operational factors (the solvent flow rate, temperature and the ultrasound power) and for three different situations (dissolution of drops of mustard gas, mustard gas desorption from the structure of the sample and dissolve drops of mustard gas with the subsequent desorption from the sample). The development of the decontamination process in time was found to consist of two stages. In the first stage the rapid dissolution of the liquid part of mustard gas in a solvent and in the second phase was such as mustard desorption from the structure of the sample and this phase was considerably slower. Extraction is to accelerate increasing the value of the flow of the solvent, the temperature and the performance of the ultrasound. These operational fac-tors have a significant impact on the thickness of the laminar layer of solvent, the solvent replacement coefficient in a cell, diffusion parameters in the process, the viscosity, the solubility of mustard gas in a solvent and the maximum achievable concentration of mustard gas in the rubber sample. The values of adjustable parameters was obtained by mathematical analysis of mathematical model. The progress of extraction under different operational conditions can be predicted by these parameters. The effect of solvents and ultrasound was experimentally verified for selected equipments of computing and communication technology. The possibility of separation of chemical warfare agents from the solvent was verified too.
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Operational Possibilities of Fire Rescue Units for Decontamination of Persons
Svoboda, Petr ; Buřík, Richard (referee) ; Valášek, Rudolf (advisor)
In this work I discuss about the historical development of the decontamination of units of the fire protection till the present time. It describes ways of contamination of individuals and methods of their decontamination, including decontaminating substances and mixtures that may be currently used at fire brigade units. Also describes the current tactics of intervention of fire brigade units and intervention associated with the release of hazardous substances with the focus on decontamination. Moreover it submits a way of surface coverage and indicates the type of fire brigades and their predestination. In the interface of The Fire Rescue Service of region of Southern Moravia, Regional Department of Brno it describes individual fire stations and their equipment for decontamination of people. In conclusion of this work is an evaluation of operational options of units due to the decontamination of individuals with regard to their manpower.
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Methods of infectious waste management from hospital operations
Kovář, Lukáš ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Konečná, Eva (advisor)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of health–care waste and the possibilities of disposal. It focuses on infectious waste generated by hospital business. There are a lot of special rules for infectious waste. It is very important to apply them in handling and subsequent disposal. Proper management of hazardous waste is very important for health security. The bachelor thesis will provide an overview of the methods for the disposal of hazardous wastes as well as their mutual comparison. One of the latest devices for the decontamination and destruction of medical material is the Converter.
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Infectious waste management at regional level
Martinek, Karel ; Pavlas, Martin (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
Současná pandemická situace ukázala obrovské dopady rozšíření infekce na společnost, i přesto stále ještě chybí jednotný přístup k problematice infekčního odpadu. Cílem této práce je představení metodiky nakládání s infekčním odpadem v rámci regionu v kontextu situace v Česku a Evropské Unii. V teoretické části práce je uveden legislativní rámec, charakter produkce, možnosti dekontaminace a podmínky spalování infekčního odpadu. Na základě těchto poznatků je navržena metodika pro nakládání s infekčním odpadem v rámci regionu. V praktické části práce je pak metodika aplikována na konkrétní region – Královéhradecký kraj. V rámci metodiky jsou navrženy možné scénáře nakládání s infekčním odpadem a vybrány nejvhodnější z nich z pohledu zdravotních rizik, rozpočtové zátěže a dopadu na životní prostředí. Na závěr je metodika kriticky zhodnocena a srovnána s metodikami jiných studií na podobné téma.
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Readiness of individual members of selected fire protection units for managing industrial chemical accidents
NĚMCOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis offers an analysis and evaluation of the knowledge of individual members of selected fire departments when responding to industrial chemical accidents. Since this issue affects most of the Czech Republic, the thesis is not focused on any particular region. The theoretical part provides an introduction to the issue. First of all, it deals with chemical accidents in general, their causes and manifestations, followed by the toxicology of selected industrial chemicals and a simple list of the provisions of Act No. 224/2015 Coll., on the prevention of major accidents. The subsequent passage of the theoretical part concerns fire departments, primarily those targeted in the practical part of the work. This presented here are their activities during various types of responses, in particular to chemical accidents. Also included is a list of the activities of departments set up to respond to accidents with hazardous substances. The last part of the theory talks about the basics of physical protection against chemicals and decontamination. The aim of the thesis is to compare the results of the research with general procedures and requirements. The practical part of this bachelor thesis consists of the research itself and a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire is mainly designed to map out the knowledge of the individual respondents. The questions are mainly based on the Fire Fighting Code of the fire departments and the related Performance Regulations of corporate fire departments, volunteer municipal fire departments and volunteer fire brigades of companies. The questions were chosen to cover what I consider to be the core issues. The results of the research have been presented graphically and all questions discussed individually.
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