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Comparative Study between the 2016 Failed Military Coup and Previous Successful Coups in Turkey
Safarli, Adil ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
The 2016 Turkish failed coup attempt was a striking political event of the year. Although Turkey is a country with a long history of successful military intervention and deep-rooted coup culture, the coup organizers could not achieve the desired outcome in 2016. The coups of 1960, 1971, 1980 and 1997 have resulted in the government's change where the military played an important role by influencing the political sphere. However, the result was different in the coup attempt carried out on 15 July 2016. As the President, a large segment of military, political parties and a significant part of the society had an anti-coup attitude and stood up against the military coup. For this reason, the thesis attempts to compare the 2016 Turkish failed coup with the previous successful coups of 1960, 1971, 1980, and 1997's in Turkey. The comparison is based on the hypotheses built on four civil-military relation theories and concepts: Military Professionalism, Civilian Supremacy, Social Cohesion and Public Institutionalism. According to the analyses, the findings indicate that the theories of Civilian Supremacy and Public Institutionalism better explain the failure of 2016 and the success of the previous coups than other theories.
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Anglo-iranian oil crisis. USA, Great Britain and Iranian oil, 1950-1953
Rendl, Adam ; Smetana, Vít (advisor) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
This bachelor thesis describes one of the most turbulent periods in Iranian history. When Muhammad Mosaddek came to power in 1950 and became Prime Minister of Iran, he enforced the law to nationalize the oil company AIOC, which was under control of Great Britain, which also owned majority of the company's concessions. The nationalization thus provoked an immediate dispute with the British government, which began to take action to return the oil company back to its own control. Not only diplomatic but also military and covert political activities began, which aimed to gradually weaken Mossadek's position so that he could be removed in the event of a failure of diplomatic negotiations. The United States initially vehemently protested against such activities. President Truman believed that the escalation of the situation in Iran could cause the country to tend towards the Soviet Union and thus cause communism to penetrate the Middle East. However, as the situation gradually escalated and the necessary agreement was still not reached, the Americans began to reconsider their position. This change of attitude eventually culminated into the organization of a coup through which MI6 and mainly CIA overthrew Muhammad Mosaddek, bringing Iran into a period of more than 20 years of dictatorship. In the first...
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Comparative Study on the Military Effectiveness of the Turkish Army Post 2016 Coup
Koutský, Tomáš ; Kofroň, Jan (advisor) ; Maze, Jacob Alan (referee)
The bachelor's thesis is a process-tracing case study focusing on the military effectiveness of the Turkish armed forces (TAF) before and after the failed coup d'état that occurred on the night of July 15, 2016. Inspired by the works of Stephen Biddle and Caitlin Talmadge, the work combines variables of the authors and tries to determine if the military has lost its military effectiveness in conventional warfare, by searching for examples of coup-proofing operational practices within the TAF. Since Talmadge depicts such practices as occurring in authoritarian regimes, a brief overview of the current Turkish semi-authoritarian political landscape is added at the beginning, along with a brief description of the role of the TAF within the system. Additionally, a description and timescale of the coup is provided. During the research, coup- proofing practices were witnessed in three out of the four independent variables. Interestingly, the practices were not only found after the coup, but in the preceding years as well. A short- term decrease of military effectiveness was undeniably discovered. Currently, it is impossible to determine if such practices will continue in the long-run, that warrants further research. Furthermore, the deterioration has not affected the TAF significantly, due to its military...
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