|
|
Role of intestinal circadian clock in epithelial transport, proliferation, and tumourigenesis
Soták, Matúš
AABBSSTTRRAACCTT The molecular circadian clock enables anticipation of environmental changes. In mammals, clocks are ubiquitously present in almost all tissues and they are comprised of transcriptional-translational feedback loops of the so-called clock genes. The central clock represents the intrinsic pacemaker which is located in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of hypothalamus and synchronizes peripheral clocks. Clockwork system in alimentary tract and its regulatory link to intestinal functions are poorly understood. Therefore the objective of the thesis was to characterize molecular clock in particular parts of the rat intestine and to elucidate its link to the intestinal transport, regulation of cell cycle and neoplastic transformation in colonic tissue. We used quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) to determine circadian profiles of mRNA expression of clock genes in the epithelium of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon of rat. Furthermore, we analysed the expression of genes coding sodium chloride transporters and channels as well as cell cycle regulators in colon. To focus more precisely on different structures of intestinal epithelia we used laser capture microdissection. In addition, we performed Ussing chamber measurements to determine the colonic electrogenic transport. To study the contribution of circadian...
|
|
|
CIrcadian regulation of miRNA and clock-controlled genes in tumorigenesis
Balounová, Kateřina ; Pácha, Jiří (advisor) ; Bendová, Zdeňka (referee)
The circadian clock generates circadian rhythms, which participate on regulation of a number of signalling pathways. Disruption of the circadian regulatory mechanism is linked to a development and a progression of certain types of cancer including colorectal tumorigenesis. Progression of tumorigenesis depends on the cell cycle machinery related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. MiRNAs play a role in initiation and progression of tumorigenesis because they interfere in regulatory pathways associated with tumorigenesis. The aim of the thesis was to determinate existence of circadian rhytms in clock controlled genes (Tef, Dbp), miRNAs (miR-1-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-192-3p) and genes of the cell cycle machinery (Ccnd1, Ccne1, Ccna1, Ccnb1) and apoptosis (Casp3, Bcl2, Bad). Further, to compare detected circadian rhythms during aging and neoplastic transformation of colon by quantitative RT-PCR. We have observed circadian expression of Tef, Dbp, Ccne1, Ccna1, Ccnb1, Casp3 and Bcl2 in young mice colon, Tef, Dbp, miR-1-3p, Ccne1, Ccna1 in old mice colon and Tef and Dbp in colorectal tumors. In summary, circadian expression of clock controlled genes varied but was maintained in mice colorectal tumors. In aging we demonstrated weakening of circadian rhythms of the genes of the cell...
|
|
|
Treatment of client suffering from Crohn's disease
Krejčí, Šárka ; Hejtmánková, Lenka (advisor) ; Lukášová Jeřábková, Lenka (referee)
The topic I chose for my bachelor thesis is the treatment of a client suffering from Crohn's disease. It consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part describes Crohns's disease including its history, occurrence, symptoms, treatment, impact on fertility and new findings connected to its treatment. The empirical part contains qualitative research in the form of a case study. The aim of the bachelor thesis was understanding the individual needs of a patient suffering from Crohns's disease. The case study describes the life of a woman from when the first symptoms were found till the present day. I found that the disease affects not only the physical but also the psycho-social aspect of the patients, which is often forgotten. Key words Crohn's disease, chronic inflammatory diseases, small intestine, large intestine
|
|
| |
|
|
Role of intestinal circadian clock in epithelial transport, proliferation, and tumourigenesis
Soták, Matúš ; Pácha, Jiří (advisor) ; Bendová, Zdeňka (referee) ; Herichová, Iveta (referee)
AABBSSTTRRAACCTT The molecular circadian clock enables anticipation of environmental changes. In mammals, clocks are ubiquitously present in almost all tissues and they are comprised of transcriptional-translational feedback loops of the so-called clock genes. The central clock represents the intrinsic pacemaker which is located in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of hypothalamus and synchronizes peripheral clocks. Clockwork system in alimentary tract and its regulatory link to intestinal functions are poorly understood. Therefore the objective of the thesis was to characterize molecular clock in particular parts of the rat intestine and to elucidate its link to the intestinal transport, regulation of cell cycle and neoplastic transformation in colonic tissue. We used quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) to determine circadian profiles of mRNA expression of clock genes in the epithelium of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon of rat. Furthermore, we analysed the expression of genes coding sodium chloride transporters and channels as well as cell cycle regulators in colon. To focus more precisely on different structures of intestinal epithelia we used laser capture microdissection. In addition, we performed Ussing chamber measurements to determine the colonic electrogenic transport. To study the contribution of circadian...
|
|
|
Study of genetic factors modifying the risk of onset and progression of colorectal and pancreatic cancer
Mohelníková Duchoňová, Beatrice ; Souček, Pavel (advisor) ; Skálová, Lenka (referee) ; Macek, Milan (referee)
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of genetic and lifestyle factors in the risk of onset and progression of colorectal and pancreatic cancer. The first part deals with the etiological factors and the importance of polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes and genetic alterations in the gene CHEK2 in the origin of these malignancies. In the second part, the ABC transporter genes were analyzed as potential prognostic and predictive markers of a treatment's outcome. Materials and methods: The polymorphisms and other genetic alterations were detected using real-time PCR, allelespecific PCR and PCR-RFLP methods in DNA which was extracted from the blood of patients. The frequency of polymorphisms was evaluated and their importance was assessed with regard to the available epidemiological data. Gene expressions were determined by qPCR in paired samples of tumor tissue and adjacent non-tumorous parenchyma. Results: A majority of the observed polymorphisms failed to show a relationship between their presence and the risk of any of these malignancies. CYP2A13 variant allele*7 coding inactive enzyme was found in 7 of 265 controls and in none of 235 pancreatic carcinoma patients. In contrast, GSTP1-codon 105 Val variant allele and GSTT1-null genotype were associated with an elevated...
|
|
|
Microarray Data Interpretation
Ludwig, Petr ; Šilhavá, Jana (referee) ; Smrž, Pavel (advisor)
This Bachelor thesis explains the basics of biochip or microarray data interpretation, starting with short introduction to genetics, especially genetic information significance evaluating. The focus was set mainly on the set of scripts transforming and analyzing the sample data. The data used in this thesis are a result of biochip analysis of the Colon Tumor tissues. The secondary result represents disclosing the main marker for this particular type of cancer, the primary result is evaluation of marker significance in the context of signaling pathways. The resulting pathways are sorted by relevance.
|
|
|
Probiotics and their importance in human nutrition
Formanová, Kristýna ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
A great deal of immune system is located in the colon thanks to a large number of microbs that influence not only digestive tract of a human. The contact of these microbs with the digestive tract of a human is very important for other development of immune defensive mechanisms and the natural immune response, which supports health of a host. That is why in recent years a great deal of attention and efforts have been paid to possibility of human health status improving by a modulation of the intestinal microflora. As probiotics are indicated living microorganisms, that can have positive effects on human health and some species, for example Saccharomyces boulardii, have positive effects in prevention and treatment of many diseases associated with diarrhea. The company Valosun a.s. has provided for testing the probiotic food supplement which is suitable in acute diarrheal disorders. This product has been tried by patients of gastroenterology ambulance. The aim of sociological survey was to map knowledge of respondents in the field of probiotics and probiotic food supplements.
|
|
|
Problem of knowledge of a patient indicated for colonoscopy
ČERNÁ, Miroslava
The colonoscopic examination is no only a diagnostic method, but also a therapeutic method applied in gastroenterology. The colonoscopic examination is performed by the flexible endoscope and it is possible to examine the whole mucous membrane of the large intestine and to perform here also minor surgical operations. The necessity for the colonoscopic examination is as perfect as possible defecation of intestines, however, also this depends on the sufficient knowledge of the patient of the examination performance and preparation. This examination is quite stressing and strenuous for the patients. The target of the thesis was to find out the difference in knowledge of clients indicated for colonoscopy within hospitalization and clients coming as outpatients. 2 hypotheses were postulated: Hypothesis 1: {\clqq}The scope of information of dietary measures before colonoscopy provided to hospitalized clients is different than the scope of information provided to ambulatory clients``. The hypothesis 2: {\clqq}The scope of information about the procedure of the examination before the colonoscopy provided to hospitalized clients is different than the scope of information provided to ambulatory clients``. The method of questioning - technology of a questionnaire was applied to the collection of data. The questionnaire was completely anonymous and was determined for patients indicated to colonoscopic examination. The questionnaire included 22 closed and half-closed questions. 130 questionnaires were distributed in the gastro-enterologic ward in the Hospital of České Budějovice a.s. After returning the questionnaires and elimination of the incompletely filled in and empty questionnaires, the examined group consisted of 106 respondents, thereof 53 were ambulatory respondents and 53 hospitalized respondents. The target of the thesis was achieved. It followed from the results that both hypotheses were confirmed, there is really a certain difference in knowledge before the colonoscopic examination between the ambulatory and hospitalized respondents. In both hypotheses, the ambulatory respondents were informed better. This bachelor´s thesis points out the importance of giving the information to the patients and of co-operation between the patient, nurse and physician. To improve the knowledge of patients indicated for colonoscopy I created the draft of a leaflet, summarizing information the patient should know before this examination. The results of this thesis will be provided to the head and management of gastro-enterologic ward of the Hospital České Budějovice a.s. Its topic could be of help to the medical staff in better informing the patients.
|
|
|
Healthy life style education focused on colon and rectum cancer prevention
BARTONĚK, Jaroslav
This work is engaged in colon and rectum cancer which is much more obvious problem in the Czech Republic than in the rest of European countries. This work is focused on its prevention and a diagnostic of this serious disease. The healthy lifestyle habits and an advance anamnesis can reduce death risk to a great extent. There is a project called ``The colon and rectum cancer prevention {--} a drop of blood saves a life{\crqq} as a part of this work which is destined for upper {--} primary pupils. The purpose of this work is consistent with the first objective of the National Oncology Program of the Czech Republic. This program is focused on professional education support of tumor prevention in Czech schools, an increased public awareness of tumor prevention, a decrease of smoking by youth and women, and also an abatement of the fluctuations of nutrition and lifestyle. This goal has been fulfilled. There is a question of whether the results of this program reflect the true situation. If this type of education project is undertaken by primary schools in the Czech Republic we will have to wait some years to see the results.
|
guest ::
