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Health aspects and risks of hardening
HLASOVÁ, Barbora
This bachelor's thesis on the topic "Health Aspects and Risks of Cold Adaptation" consists of two parts. The first part is theoretical, where the history of cold water immersion is described along with some significant personalities and cold water therapy societies associated with both historical and contemporary contexts. Various methods and techniques for cold adaptation are presented, and specific principles for cold water immersion are detailed. Additionally, the thesis explains how the human body responds to cold, what it's defense mechanisms it has and how the human thermoregulation works. The theoretical part also covers the impact of cold adaptation on individual organ systems, the positive effects of cold water immersion and potential risks associated with it. Lastly, first aid measures for potential complications are mentioned. The second part of the bachelor's thesis focuses on practical research conducted qualitatively using non-standardized questionnaires with open-ended questions targeted to knowledge and potential experiences related to cold water immersion. The study included three groups of respondents: paramedics, long-term cold wate swimmers, and members of the general public. The main goal of the research was to understand the opinions of these respondent groups regarding cold water immersion, its benefits, associated risks and awareness of potential solutions to issues that may arise. After analyzing the data, it was found that the majority of respondents from all three groups recognize significant benefits of cold adaptation but at the same time they are also aware of the risks that may arise and know their solutions. This bachelor's thesis can be beneficial for anyone considering lifestyle changes, building better immunity, and supporting their health. It can serve as a guide for beginners while also providing useful information for experienced cold water swimmers.
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Effect of pre-cooling on climbing performance in heat
Knap, Roman ; Kodejška, Jan (advisor) ; Baláš, Jiří (referee)
Title : The effect of local pre-exercise cooling on climbing performance in a hyperthermic environment. Objective: The aim of this work was to assess the effect of forearm precooling on climbing performance to exhaustion in a hyperthermic environment. Methods: The sample consisted of nineteen male participants aged 25 ± 6 years. The participants were selected from among the students of the University of Warsaw University of Technology according to a criterion selection (RP ≥ 6). Each participant underwent 3 laboratory visits. At each visit, he was put to the two graded tests on a climbing ergometer to local exhaustion, always using different procedures before the first and second tests (CWI15/PAS). The measured time to exhaustion (s) was used for performance evaluation. The effect of individual procedures on performance was evaluated using a paired T-test. Results: A significantly positive (P < 0.05) effect on climbing performance until exhaustion was found when using the CWI15 procedure before exercise. There was an average performance improvement (↑10.4%) compared to performance without precooling (PAS). When the CWI15 procedure was used between performances, a smaller natural decline in the second performance was found, and in most participants the CWI15 application even caused a significant...
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Influence of cold water immersion on repeated strength endurance performance in football players
Šíma, Marek ; Jebavý, Radim (advisor) ; Blažek, Dušan (referee)
Title: Influence of immersion in cold water on repeated strength endurance performance in football players Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the acute effects of cold water immersion on repeated strength endurance performance in the form of 30 maximum vertical jumps in football players. Methods: The effect of immersing the lower limbs to the level of the navel in cold water on repeated strength endurance performance in the form of CMJ (countramovement jump) in football players. Twenty-two football players (men) performed an entry and exit strength endurance test in the form of vertical jumps on the Kistler board. Between the input and output performance tests, two cold water immersion regeneration procedures (CWI) and passive rest (PAS) were applied. For the evaluation of force endurance performance, data on jump height (cm), force impulse (Ns), flight time (ms), speed (m / s), force (N), force / weight (N / kg), power ( W), power / weight (W / Kg). As a marker of fatigue, blood lactate levels (mmol / l) were monitored, we also monitored skin temperature (ř C) during CWI and subjective feeling of fatigue (1-10). The influence of two types of regeneration procedure and two strength endurance performances were evaluated using ANOVA. Results: No statistically or materially significant...
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Effect of water temperature during cold water immersion on repeated isometric performance
Krupková, Dominika ; Baláš, Jiří (advisor) ; Malý, Tomáš (referee)
Title: Effect of water temperature during cold water immersion on repeated isometric performance Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of water temperature on recovery using repeated isometric performance of finger flexors to exhaustion Methods: The study was attended by a group of climbers consisting of 16 men (aged 30.8 ± 7.2 years) and 18 women (aged 26.7 ± 4.5 years). Participants came 3 times in the laboratory, where repeated intermittent isometric performance until exhaustion with different recovery strategy (passive recovery, immersion of forearm to 8ř C water - CWI 8, immersion of forearm to 15ř C water - CWI 15) were completed Results: The results were evaluated according time of contraction and force- time-integral (FTI). After passive recovery, the second time of contraction dropped by ↓ 9% and the third contraction by 20% compared to the first one. In response to cold water (CWI), after CWI 8 second time of contraction increased by ↑ 32% and CWI 15 by ↑ 36% compared to the first one. The third time of contraction was worse for CWI 8 by ↓ 4%, and CWI 15 was better by ↑ 26% compared to the first contraction. Conclusion: Cold water immersion is an effective recovery method between intermittent isometric performance compared to passive recovery strategy. CWI 15 is more...
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Effect of cold water immersion on intermittent isometric forearm flexor contractions to failure in rock climbers
Kodejška, Jan ; Baláš, Jiří (advisor) ; Stejskal, Pavel (referee) ; Radvanský, Jiří (referee)
Title: Effect of cold water immersion on intermittent isometric forearm flexor contractions to failure in rock climbers Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cold water immersion on intermittent isometric forearm flexor contraction to failure in rock climbers. Methods: Thirty-two climbers (15 male and 17 female) completed three intermittent trials to failure, on a climbing-specific handgrip dynamometer, on three separate visits to the laboratory. For each visit a different recovery strategy was employed: passive recovery (PAS), cold water immersion at 8 řC (CWI 8) or 15 řC (CWI 15). The force time integral (FTI - time of contraction multiplied by the force of contraction) was determined to assess intermittent performance. The tissue saturation index (TSI) and total haemoglobin (tHb) during isometric contractions from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were determined to assess hemodynamic changes. Differences between repeated trials and three recovery protocols, derived parameters NIRS, were assessed using repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections. Results: There was no significant difference between conditions after trial one. In response to the PAS recovery condition there was a 10% and 22% decrease in FTI in the second and third trials, respectively. The PAS...
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The effect of active recovery and hydroterapy on the subsequent short-term and medium-term muscular performance
Strejcová, Barbora ; Süss, Vladimír (advisor) ; Pavlů, Dagmar (referee) ; Pyšný, Ladislav (referee)
Title: The effect of active recovery and hydroterapy on the subsequent short-term and medium-term muscular performance Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the effect of two recoveries (ice pack, passive recovery) on the subsequent short-term and three recoveries (active recovery, cold water immersion, passive recovery) on the medium-term knee strength in the extension and flexion. Methods: Fourteen athletes in an average age of 26,6±4,4 years performed, in a random cross-over design, 2 sessions with 5 repeated short-term isokinetic tests and 3 sessions with 3 repeated medium-term isokinetic tests. The effect of ice packs and passive rest and the effect of active recovery, passive rest and cold water immersion were assessed by the 5x2 (time x recovery) and 3x3 (time x recovery) repeated-measure ANOVA, respectively. Results: The ice packs did not have any effect on peak torque, total work and average power during short-term performances. The average heart rate was significantly lower during measurements with the ice packs than during the passive recovery (125±15 vs. 135±20 tepů. min-1 ). We stated significantly lower changes in knee extension for the peak torque after the active recovery (↑ 0,9 N.m) than after the cold water immersion (↓ 14,6 N.m) or the passive recovery (↓ 13,9 N.m). The...
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Effect of cold water immersion on intermittent isometric forearm flexor contractions to failure in rock climbers
Kodejška, Jan ; Baláš, Jiří (advisor) ; Stejskal, Pavel (referee) ; Radvanský, Jiří (referee)
Title: Effect of cold water immersion on intermittent isometric forearm flexor contractions to failure in rock climbers Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cold water immersion on intermittent isometric forearm flexor contraction to failure in rock climbers. Methods: Thirty-two climbers (15 male and 17 female) completed three intermittent trials to failure, on a climbing-specific handgrip dynamometer, on three separate visits to the laboratory. For each visit a different recovery strategy was employed: passive recovery (PAS), cold water immersion at 8 řC (CWI 8) or 15 řC (CWI 15). The force time integral (FTI - time of contraction multiplied by the force of contraction) was determined to assess intermittent performance. The tissue saturation index (TSI) and total haemoglobin (tHb) during isometric contractions from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were determined to assess hemodynamic changes. Differences between repeated trials and three recovery protocols, derived parameters NIRS, were assessed using repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections. Results: There was no significant difference between conditions after trial one. In response to the PAS recovery condition there was a 10% and 22% decrease in FTI in the second and third trials, respectively. The PAS...
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Effect of water temperature during cold water immersion on repeated isometric performance
Krupková, Dominika ; Baláš, Jiří (advisor) ; Malý, Tomáš (referee)
Title: Effect of water temperature during cold water immersion on repeated isometric performance Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of water temperature on recovery using repeated isometric performance of finger flexors to exhaustion Methods: The study was attended by a group of climbers consisting of 16 men (aged 30.8 ± 7.2 years) and 18 women (aged 26.7 ± 4.5 years). Participants came 3 times in the laboratory, where repeated intermittent isometric performance until exhaustion with different recovery strategy (passive recovery, immersion of forearm to 8ř C water - CWI 8, immersion of forearm to 15ř C water - CWI 15) were completed Results: The results were evaluated according time of contraction and force- time-integral (FTI). After passive recovery, the second time of contraction dropped by ↓ 9% and the third contraction by 20% compared to the first one. In response to cold water (CWI), after CWI 8 second time of contraction increased by ↑ 32% and CWI 15 by ↑ 36% compared to the first one. The third time of contraction was worse for CWI 8 by ↓ 4%, and CWI 15 was better by ↑ 26% compared to the first contraction. Conclusion: Cold water immersion is an effective recovery method between intermittent isometric performance compared to passive recovery strategy. CWI 15 is more...
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Effect of water temperature on the recovery during repeated isometric performance
Škoda, Jan ; Baláš, Jiří (advisor) ; Hojka, Vladimír (referee)
Title: The influence of water temperature on the rate of recovery during repeated isometric exercise. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to assess the effect of water temperature on immersion of forearm to water for the sake of speeding up the recovery process during repeated isometric performance. Methods: Five male subjects from the students of FTVS (average age 22 ± 3 years) underwent three meaurements with repeated exercise to exhaustion with various kinds of rest periods. The exercise was represented by three series of intermittent isometric contraction of the finger flexors until exhaustion with 20 minutes rest period. The rest period was represented by the immersion of forearm into cold water (8řC; 15řC;) as well as by a passive rest. Sturation O2 of saturated hemoglobin (SmO2) was monitored by the spectrometer throughout the entire measurements at flexor digitorum profundus. Results: The reliability of measurements was rel=0,79 with standard deviation SD= 27,3s and standard measurement error SEM= 12,5s. The least effective method of recovery was passive recovery. Decrease in the time between the first, second and third contraction respectively was 35s, 34s respectively. Immersion in 15 ř C water under recovery phase led to improvement in the second contraction by 43s and by 27s in the...
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The effect of active recovery and hydroterapy on the subsequent short-term and medium-term muscular performance
Strejcová, Barbora ; Süss, Vladimír (advisor) ; Pavlů, Dagmar (referee) ; Pyšný, Ladislav (referee)
Title: The effect of active recovery and hydroterapy on the subsequent short-term and medium-term muscular performance Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the effect of two recoveries (ice pack, passive recovery) on the subsequent short-term and three recoveries (active recovery, cold water immersion, passive recovery) on the medium-term knee strength in the extension and flexion. Methods: Fourteen athletes in an average age of 26,6±4,4 years performed, in a random cross-over design, 2 sessions with 5 repeated short-term isokinetic tests and 3 sessions with 3 repeated medium-term isokinetic tests. The effect of ice packs and passive rest and the effect of active recovery, passive rest and cold water immersion were assessed by the 5x2 (time x recovery) and 3x3 (time x recovery) repeated-measure ANOVA, respectively. Results: The ice packs did not have any effect on peak torque, total work and average power during short-term performances. The average heart rate was significantly lower during measurements with the ice packs than during the passive recovery (125±15 vs. 135±20 tepů. min-1 ). We stated significantly lower changes in knee extension for the peak torque after the active recovery (↑ 0,9 N.m) than after the cold water immersion (↓ 14,6 N.m) or the passive recovery (↓ 13,9 N.m). The...
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